Cool, cold, chilly

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Cool, cold, chilly

***** Location: Worldwide
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Heavens / Season

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Explanation

How we react to temperature is a personal feeling, also a seasonal feeling.
We can feel "nice and cool" in summer, or rather "pretty cool" on an autumn evening.

In the Japanese saijiki, we have many different words that clearly identify the season for a cold morning etc., but much is lost in the translation into another language, unless we add
"cold .. spring/summer/autumn/winter .. morning".

The English cold/chill/chilly are also often used like that and thus difficult to allocate with a proper season. So it seems better to add .. spring/summer/autumn/winter ...


We also have the English use of cold outside the weather and temperature, like
a cold smile, a cold person, a cold look ...
where the COLD is not a season word, but just a topic for haiku.
"COOL" used in connection with other nouns like this is also not a kigo but a topic for haiku.
He is a cool person.


I will try and list the relevant kigo during the seasons here.

Please let me know any more confusing words and possible translations of these kigo.

Gabi Greve



My Garden in autumn


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SPRING

early spring

cold in spring, haru samu 春寒 はるさむ and related kigo
..... haru samushi 春寒し（はるさむし） spring is cold
..... samuki haru 寒き春（さむきはる） cold spring

still feeling cold (in spring), remaining cold (in spring),
yokan 余寒 (よかん)
lingering cold (in spring), nokoru samusa 残る寒さ（のこるさむさ）

..... kan modori 寒もどり（かんもどり）
cold (winter) season coming back, winter cold coming back

. Cold coming back - March 2005 .


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SUMMER


Coolness in summer(suzushi) and related kigo
I feel cool (in summer). This is a pleasant feeling, especially in the evening after a hot day.
coolness in the (summer) morning, (summer) morning cool,
asasuzu 朝涼
cool (summer) evening, yoisuzushi　宵すずし
cool at day's end (in summer), banryoo, banryō 晩涼
evening cool (in summer), yuusuzu, yūsuzu 夕涼
night cool (in summer), cool of the (summer) night,
..... yaryoo 夜涼, ryooya　涼夜

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Some food that is enjoyed cold in summer

Hiyashi uri 冷し瓜 (ひやしうり) cooled gourd
cooled watermelon, hiyashi suika 冷し西瓜（ひやしすいか）

Hiyajiru 冷汁 (ひやじる) cold soup
cooled soup, nizamashi 煮冷し（にざまし）

Hiyamugi 冷麦 (ひやむぎ) Wheat noodles chilled

Hiya soomen 冷索麺 (ひやそうめん)
cold thin somen noodles

Hiya Yakko, hiyayakko 冷奴 (ひややっこ) cold tofu

hiyashijiruko 冷し汁粉（ひやししるこ）cold beans in sweet sauce

The details about food are here
WASHOKU : SUMMER FOOD


. . . . . WASHOKU : Cold SUMMER DRINKS


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AUTUMN

cold (autumn) morning
samuki asa 寒き朝, asazamu　朝寒

cold (autumn) evening寒き夜
..... samuki yoru, 夜寒yosamu

These are expressions used for this feeling in autumn, when we feel the change of the seasons coming.


Cold in autumn, aki samu 秋寒 (あきさむ) and related kigo
..... aki samushi 秋寒し（あきさむし） cold in autumn
"the skin feels cold (in autumn)", hada samu 肌寒 (はださむ)
cold (autumn) morning, asa samu 朝寒 (あささむ)
asa samushi 朝寒し（あささむし）, asa samumi 朝寒み（あささむみ）
cold (autumn) night, yo samu 夜寒 (よさむ )
..... yo samusa 夜寒さ（よさむさ）, yo o samumi 夜を寒み（よをさむみ）



autumn chill, shuurei 秋冷)しゅうれい) and related CHILL kigo during all seasons
evening chill (in autumn), cold in the evening (in autumn),
yoi samu 宵寒 (よいさむ)
night chill (in autumn), cold at night (in autumn),
..... yosamu 夜寒 (よさむ)



sooryoo 爽涼 fresh and cool in autumn
(autumn) cool . (hiyayaka, hiyu, yubie)


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kigo for early autumn/ category SEASON


ryoogetsu 涼月（りょうげつ）cool month


shuuryoo 秋涼（しゅうりょう）coolness in autumn
shinryoo 新涼 (しんりょう) first coolness (in autumn)
aki suzushi 秋涼し（あきすずし）cool autumn
hajimete suzushi 初めて涼し（はじめてすずし）
..... shoryoo 初涼（しょりょう) first coolness (in autumn)
..... ryoo arata 涼新た（りょうあらた）
..... arata ni suzushi 新たに涼し（あらたにすずし）
hayaku mo suzushi 早くも涼し（はやくもすずし）
sooryoo 早涼（そうりょう）


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WINTER

kan ... cold in winter and related kigo
..... cold (in winter), kan 寒（かん）, kanchuu 寒中（かんちゅう）
feeling cold (in winter), samushi 寒し (さむし) I feel cold 'in winter).
..... samusa, 寒さ coldness (in winter)
cold winter evening, kanbo 寒暮（かんぼ）
cold winter night, kanya 寒夜（かんや）
cold winter morning, kangyoo 寒暁（かんぎょう）


Cold Moon (kan no tsuki)　寒の月. . . The MOON and its kigo


Winter drizzle (shigure) 時雨　 rain mixed with snow, cold rain, snowy drizzle, sleet
rain in the cold , kan no ame　寒の雨 (かんのあめ)
. . . RAIN and its kigo


"cold clouds", kanun, kan-un 寒雲（かんうん）
"freezing clouds", itegumo 凍雲（いてぐも）
. . . CLOUDS and their kigo


butterfly in the cold, freezing butterfly (itechoo) 凍蝶
. . . Winter butterfly, freezing butterfly (fuyu no choo)


Camellia in the cold (kantsubaki) 寒椿
. . . CAMELLIA and its kigo


There are many more Japanese kigo compounds with
KAN 寒 ... in the cold



GokuRakuAn in Winter



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


cold feeling (toward people, things etc.)
tsumetashi 冷し (つめたし)
food gets cold, hiyu 冷ゆ (ひゆ)

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And a bonus for you to cool down!



Ice cream ... kigo for all summer
Click on the photo for more.


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HAIKU


寒けれど酒もあり温泉もある処
samukeredo sake mo ari onsen mo aru tokoro

It is cold, but
we have sake
and the hot spring

Masaoka Shiki - winter haiku



the famous hot spring Dogoo Onsen in Matsuyama 道後温泉

it is cold
but here is a place with sake
a place with a hot spring
Tr. Gabi Greve



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Cool can be nonseasonal term too, like here:

first night
after the divorce...
cool moon

Vasile Moldovan
May 26, 2009



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Related words

***** WKD ... ABC Reference

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Virga precipitation

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Virga

***** Location: Southern United States
***** Season: Summer
***** Category: Heaven

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Explanation

In meteorology, virga is an observable streak or shaft of precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground.
At high altitudes the precipitation falls mainly as ice crystals before melting and finally evaporating; this is usually due to compressional heating, because the air pressure increases closer to the ground. It is very common in the desert and in temperate climates.
It is also common in the Southern United States during summer.

Virga can cause very interesting weather effects, because as rain is changed from liquid to vapor form, it removes heat from the air due to the high heat of vaporization of water. In some instances, these pockets of colder air can descend rapidly, creating a dry microburst which can be extremely hazardous to aviation. Conversely, precipitation evaporating at high altitude can compressionally heat as it falls, and result in a gusty downburst which may substantially and rapidly warm the surface temperature. This fairly rare phenomenon, a heat burst, also tends to be of exceedingly dry air.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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Worldwide use

Japan

hiryuu un 尾流雲 "clouds with a tail"
not listed as kigo

Cloud, clouds(kumo) Japan, worldwide. Various Kigo.


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

early evening-
distant mountains disappear
in the virga

Mark Snyder
. . . WKD ... Facebook Group May 2009

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Related words

***** Cloud, clouds(kumo) Japan, worldwide. Various Kigo.

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Hawthorn blossoms

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Hawthorn blossoms (sanzashi no hana)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Spring
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

hawthorn blossoms 山楂子の花 (さんざしのはな)
sanzashi no hana
meifurawaa メイフラワー may flower



A tree that gets about 2 meters high. In late april toward may, it has white flowers with five petals in bunches of five or six. They are similar to plum blossoms. It used to be part of the Chinese medical plants, but now it is only planted for its blossoms.
Its western cousin, the mayflower, has also red blossoms.

The flower word for this is HOPE.

Its fruit are dried and eaten or made to juice.

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Hawthorn (Crataegus)
is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Culinary use
The fruits of the species Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese Hawthorn) are tart, bright red, and resemble small crabapple fruits. They are used to make many kinds of Chinese snacks, including haw flakes and tanghulu (糖葫芦). The fruits, which are called shānzhā (山楂) in Chinese, are also used to produce jams, jellies, juices, alcoholic beverages, and other drinks.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Worldwide use

England

seiyoo sanzashi セイヨウサンザシ Western hawthorn
It has small red flowers in May.
When you take a branch to a home, a person will become sick in that home, says English legend.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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Germany

Weißdorn

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Things found on the way


Jodie Hawthorne haiku collection
Australia
Reference

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firethorn 常盤山査子 tokiwa-sanzashi
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Pyracanthus angustifolia Schneid
Pyracantha angustifolia
木下杢太郎画「新編百花譜百選」より

pirakansaa ピラカンサ pyracanthus


quote
Firethorn (Pyracantha) is a genus of thorny evergreen large shrubs in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Maloideae. They are native from southeast Europe east to southeast Asia, and are closely related to Cotoneaster, but have serrated leaf margins and numerous thorns (Cotoneaster is thornless).

The plants reach up to 6 m tall. The seven species have white flowers and either red, orange, or yellow berries (more correctly pomes). The flowers are produced during late spring and early summer; the pomes develop from late summer, and mature in late autumn.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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HAIKU

花山楂子古妻ながら夢はあり　
ka sanzashi furume nagara yume wa ari　　　

hawthorn blossoms -
although being an old wife
I still have dreams　　　

Ishida Akiko 石田あき子
Tr. Gabi Greve

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思ひ凝らせば山楂子の日の戻りくる　　　
omoi koraseba sanzashi no hi no modori-kuru
　　
手塚美佐

source : www.ami-yacon.jp


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Related words

***** hawthorn berries
kigo for autumn




HAIKU with hawthorn berries


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Humanity and Observances

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Humanity and Observances

We have two very important categories in a Japanese saijiki that relate to the human being and its activites during the seasons:

seikatsu 生活　Humanity, daily life, livelihood
gyooji 行事　Observances, seasonal events

I would like to call these the
social season words.


seikatsu haiku 生活俳句 haiku about life

haiku seikatsu 俳句生活 my haiku life



Here are some thoughts about these categories.

To simply define
haiku as "short poems about nature"
and
senryu as "short poems about humanity"

seems a great simplification and certainly does not seem fit for the Japanese tradition.
That does not mean there are some exceptions, but here I want to talk about the general way a traditional Japanese haiku is perceived.

The saijiki categories of HUMANITY and OBSERVANCES explicitly show us that these things are part of the Japanese haiku tradition and should be respected and understood as such.

Many of the kigo related to them are deeply rooted in the daily life within the Japanese culture and are difficult to translate without a longish explanation, so not many have been listed in English saijiki yet.

I will try and fill this gap, given time ...


But these kigo can give you an example of how to incorporate the events of YOUR daily life outside of Japan in your haiku life and find the many kigo in your area related to food and clothing, festivals and celebrations.
Please share them with us at the World Kigo Database!

Gabi Greve

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日本大歳時記
Nihon Dai Saijiki
ISBN 4-06-128646-3 and 978-406-1289666


Humanity KIGO during the seasons

Click on each season to go to the
detailed LIST of the kigo.


. . . SPRING . . .


. . . SUMMER . . .


. . . AUTUMN . . .


. . . WINTER . . .


. . . NEW YEAR . . .


This covers more than 3000 kigo for humanity.



. . . WASHOKU : FOOD throughout the seasons
a SAIJIKI of its own


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Observances, festivals, rituals
KIGO during the seasons


. . . Observances, seasonal events, rituals . . .
throughout the seasons, Buddhist, Shinto and others
a SAIJIKI of its own

Memorial Days of Famous People, Celebrities
.....WORLDWIDE SAIJIKI


That covers more than 3000 kigo for observances.


I hope you see now the importance of the kigo in the categories of humanity and observances.



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Related words

Senryu and Haiku ー　川柳と俳句


***** WKD : Haiku seasons and categories

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Berry, berries

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Berry, berries

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

There are many berries available in various seasons.
Some are edible, some are not.

There are also English names of plants and shrubs that include the BERRY part.
The Japanese name can be tricky, mostly MI 実 is used.
xx の実　is also used for fruit, nuts and others.

berii ベリー berry
chiisa na kajitsu 小さな果実 "small fruit"

MI in compound words
液果, 漿果(しょうか)

I will try and list the BERRY KIGO here.

We have to distinguish between the blossoms of these berries and the fruit, which can be in different seasons.

Gabi Greve

under construction


pregnant sea animals are also sometimes called "in berry"
like fish, shrimp, crabs.

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SPRING


ichigo no hana 苺の花 (いちごのはな) strawberry blossoms
kigo for late spring
..... hana ichigo 花苺（はないちご）
kusaichigo no hana 草苺の花（くさいちごのはな）
nawashiro ichigo no hana 苗代苺の花（なわしろいちごのはな）
hebi-ichigo no hana 蛇苺の花（へびいちごのはな）
blossoms of Indian strawberry



kiichigo no hana, ki-ichigo no hana 木苺の花 (きいちごのはな)
raspberry blossoms, Himbeerblüten
kigo for late spring
momiji ichigo もみじ苺（もみじいちご）
sagari ichigo下り苺（さがりいちご）
awa ichigo 粟苺（あわいちご）


kuko クコ 枸杞 Wolfsberry
Lycium rhombifolium
kigo for mid-spring


kuwa 桑 (くわ）mulberry tree
late spring
kuwa no me 桑の芽（くわのめ）
kuwa no hana 桑の花（くわのはな）
kuwabatake 桑畑（くわばたけ） mulberry field
Kigo related to silk and mulberries

..... koozo no hana 楮の花 (こうぞのはな)
paper mulberry blossoms
..... kazo no hana かぞの花（かぞのはな)
..... kazu nohana かずの花（かずのはな）
..... kozo no ki no hana こぞの木の花（こぞのきのはな）
kami no ki no hana かみの木の花（かみのきのはな）
Broussonetia papyrifera




niwatoko no hana 接骨木の花 (にわとこのはな)
elderberry blossoms
..... tazu no hana たずの花（たずのはな）
..... miyatsukogi みやつこぎ
Sambucus sieboldiana. Holunder



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SUMMER

berries, many kinds of wild berries

blackberries, blackberry
kigo for early summer
(according to Higginson, Haiku World)
Others list the blackberries as autumn in Europe



Blackberries, blackberry, Brombeeren
summer in Germany
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
They are not native to Japan.


season's change
blackberries will soon
be ready

Robert Hunt
Happy Haiku Forum
with photo


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Brambles are thorny plants of the genus Rubus, in the rose family (Rosaceae). Bramble fruit is the fruit of any such plant, including the blackberry and raspberry.
The word comes from Germanic bram-bezi, whence also German Brombeere and French framboise. In popular UK usage the term primarily refers to the blackberry bush; in Scotland and the north of England it refers to both the blackberry bush and its fruits.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


brambles in the Japanese dictionary gives two words

ki-ichigo (Rubus), see above and
kuro-ichigo.

kuro ichigo, kuroichigo 黒苺 "black strawberries"
Rubus mesogaeus
kuroichigo are not listed in the Japanese saijiki.
They are most probably blackberries.

yuki teikei lists bramble as a spring kigo.


IRELAND
We must distinguish between the plant (the bramble) and its fruit (the blackberry).
I would suggest that the bramble comes earlier in the year (summer, the time when it grows most vigorously), with the blackberry later (autumn, when we go to search for the berries in the forests, and the brambles are less important to us).

Isabelle Prondzynski


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Blueberries , blueberry
late summer across the USA.
http://www.ehow.com/about_4574395_blueberrypicking-season.html



Gooseberry, gooseberries Europe



Huckleberries, Hucklberries
kigo for all summer
Northwestern Parts of North America
They are wild and highly prized both by humans and bears.
Read : Huckleberries



kiichigo, ki-ichigo 木苺 (きいちご)
raspberry, raspberries, Himbeeren
food kigo for early summer



koori ichigo 氷いちご（こおりいちご) strawberries on ice
food kigo for all summer



. kuwa no mi 桑の実 (くわのみ) mulberries
..... kuwa ichigo 桑苺 (くわいちご) mulberry,
" mulberry tree strawberry"
kigo for mid-summer



Oregon Grape
berries in Summer
State flower of Oregon, but bush is seen all along the Northwest Coast California to British Columbia.It is Oregon's State Flower
see : http://www.jacksirulnikoff.com



Raspberries
summer fruit
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/aboutind/products/plant/raspberry.htm


Redcurrant, rote Johannisbeeren Europe


Salmonberry
Rubus spectabilis
North America, Alaska
Salmon Berry
The bloom is one of the first berry blossoms in the spring.
The fruit is enjoyed by the bears and people.



silverberry, goumi 茱萸（ぐみ） gumi
akigumi 秋茱萸 (あきぐみ) goumi in autumn
shimogumi 霜茱萸（しもぐみ）goumi in frost
gumizake 茱萸酒（ぐみざけ）alcoholic drink from goumi
Elaeagnus. Ölweidenbeere



Strawberry, ichigo イチゴ、苺 strawberries Japan, Europa, North America


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AUTUMN


. konomi, ko no mi 木の実 (このみ)
"fruit from the tree", berry, nut, seed, acorn ... 　
a KIGO list
donguri 団栗 (どんぐり) acorn (from an oak tree)



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blueberry, blueberries
Europa



elderberry, elderberries
Europe
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



grapes, budoo, budō　葡萄 and many related kigo
wild grapes, mountain grapes, yamabudoo　山葡萄
Grape harvest (Weinlese, Traubenlese, Vendanges)
Wine pressing, Stoarcerea strugurilor (Romania)




Mistletoe berries from the desert
Sonora, North America



mountain ash (nanakamado ななかまど)
..... nanakamado 七竈（ななかまど）、野槐（ななかまど）
nanakamado no mi ななかまどの実（ななかまどのみ）
kigo for late autumn
Sorbus commixta
The fruit are bright red berries.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Eberesche



. Rose hip, rosehip, Hagebutte 　　



Tonburi とんぶり "mountain caviar"
Akita, Japan


. wolfberry 枸杞の実 (くこのみ) kuko no mi, kuko shi 　


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WINTER

aoki no mi 青木の実 (あおきのみ) laurel berries
kigo for all winter
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Cranberry, cranberries
Europe



fuyu sango 冬珊瑚 (ふゆさんご ) "winter corals"
tama sango 玉珊瑚（たまさんご）
Solanum pseudo-capsicum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. . . . .


fuyu ichigo 冬苺 (ふゆいちご) winter strawberries
fuyu no ichigo 冬の苺 (ふゆのいちご)
kan ichigo, kanichigo 寒苺（かんいちご）strawberries in the cold
..... kin ichigo, kinichigo きんいちご

ishigaki ichigo 石垣苺（いしがきいちご）
strawberries grown on stone walls

. . . . .


nanten no mi 南天の実 (なんてんのみ) berries of the nandina
kigo for all winter
shiro nanten 白南天（しろなんてん）white nandina
mi nanten 実南天（みなんてん）nandina with berries
Nandina Berries: kigo for all winter
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



nezumimochi no mi 女貞の実 (ねずみもちのみ)
berries of the privet
kigo for all winter
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Japanese privet
nezumi no fun ねずみのふん
nezumi no komakura ねずみのこまくら
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



ryuu no tama 龍の玉 (りゅうのたま) "pearl of the dragon"
dragon berry
Japanese snake's beard plant, Ophiopogon japonicus
kigo for all winter
龍の髯の実（りゅうのひげのみ）berries of the dragon beard
蛇の髯の実（じゃのひげのみ） berries of the snake beard
They are shining blue-violet berries .
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for early winter

briar berry, briar berries




briar berry --
an animal sound comes
from the brambles

2006 知美
"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

These berries may be a food source for animals, but, they may be toxic too. They are about the size of a large peppercorn.


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Topics (until we find the season)

Nordic cloudberries


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Worldwide use

Thanks to Carole Macrury for information about North America.
The berries is in the above list.


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Kenya

In Kenya, there are hardly any berries at all. Some strawberries, expensive and tasteless, are really produced only for the wealthy foreigners (hence, no kigo). The Kenyan climate is not at all suitable for them. The only berry that grows quite well in Kenya is the mulberry -- but again, it is not widely grown or available and would not be a kigo, for the time being at least.

Isabelle Prondzynski


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Yemen

coffee beans
called coffee berries as long as they are at the branch of shrubs.
kigo for autumn, when the most important harvest takes place
goats like the red berries
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

harvest moon -
red berries
in a goat's gut



Badian berries .. Badian Star Anise
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Sternanis


Juniper berries
kigo for summer
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Wacholder

Western Highlands of Yemen:
The highlands receive variable rainfall caused by the southwestern monsoon, which brings damp oceanic winds. These winds are uplifted by the mountains and trigger thunderstorms, particularly during the summer, with most rain falling in April/May and July/August.

The montane juniper woodlands are vital habitat for birds, such as the Yemen linet (Carduelis yemenensis), Yemen thrush (Turdus menachensis), Palm Dove (Streptopelia senegalensi) and Yemen warbler (Parisoma buryi). These species are dependent on juniper berries as a food source and also use the juniper trees for nesting. Nesting and breeding time must be July/August;
so juniper berries a summer kigo and bird food.

the palm dove's
carrying a twig...
light drizzle


calling frequently...
juniper berries
picked by thrushes

Heike Gewi

. YEMEN SAIJIKI


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU



red berries
to brighten my mind -
winter walk

Gabi Greve, 2007
with photos



wedding anniversary -
does he still love me
like the red winter berries ?

Gabi Greve, December 12, 2006




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Related words

***** WASHOKU :
YASAI . Vegetable SAIJIKI


. Plants and Berries in Autumn
SAIJIKI LIST 　


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