11/16/2009

Forest work in all seasons

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Forest work in all seasons

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter, others see below
***** Category: Humanity


*****************************
Explanation

Winter is a time to tend to the forests, when the trees have less sap and can be cut.
Making charcoal was also mostly done in winter during the agricultural off-season (nookanki 農閑期).


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for early winter

botan takibi 牡丹焚火 (ぼたんたきび / 焚き火) bonfire from peony branches
botan taku 牡丹焚く(ぼたんたく)burning peony branches
botan kuyoo 牡丹供養(ぼたんくよう) memorial service for peonies

CLICK for original LINK, hiros239.exblog.jp
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
In some parts of Northen Japan, especially in Sugakawa 須賀川, the branches of old peony plants are cut off and burned at night at a temple or peony park. The flames have a violet and greenish color in the cold winter night.



CLICK for more photos
shuro hagu 棕櫚剥ぐ (しゅろはぐ) stripping a hemp-palm
... shuro muku 棕櫚むく(しゅろむく)peeling off a hemp-palm
Trachycarpus fortunei. Hanfpalme
The fibers of the bark were used to make tough cloth or hemp-palm brooms.
This tree grows to a hight of about 5 meters in the forest of the warmer parts of Japan. When the bark is peeled off, it will grow back soon.


ーーーー kigo for early summer

shuro no hana 棕櫚の花 (しゅろのはな)
blossoms of the hemp-palm
..... hana shuro 花棕櫚(はなしゅろ)
..... shuro no hana 椶櫚の花(しゅろのはな)


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for mid-winter

kuruma shimau 車蔵う (くるましまう) packing the cart away
... kuruma sutsu 車棄つ(くるますつ)
In former times, the wooden carriages and carts could not be used in the snowy areas of Japan. They were taken apart, the wheels put up high on the wall, the side panels sometimes used to enforce the northern wall of the home. Or the carts and carriages were just put into a special barn.


.................................................................................


preparations for the end of the year
. ono jimai 斧仕舞 (おのじまい ) packing away the axes  

toshikikori, toshiki kori, toshi kikori 年木樵 (としきこり)
cutting firewood for the new year
toshiki tsumu 年木積む(としきつむ)collecting firewood for the new year
toshiki uri 年木売(としきうり)vendor of firewood for the new year


firewood kigo for the New Year

toshigi としぎ【年木/歳木】 "firewood for the New Year"
..... wakagi 若木(わかぎ)"young firewood"
..... sechigi 節木(せちぎ)firewood for the changing season
..... iwaigi 祝木(いわいぎ)firewood for the celebration
..... hogi 穂木(ほぎ)
..... tawaragi 俵木(たわらぎ)

oniuchigi, oni uchigi 鬼打木 (おにうちぎ)
firewood to ward off the demons
It was used during the first 15 days of the New Year.
onigi 鬼木(おにぎ) "demon's firewood"
oniyokegi 鬼除木(おによけぎ)
firewood to keep the demons away
..... onisaegi, oni saegi 鬼障木(おにさえぎ)
onioshigi 鬼押木(おにおしぎ)
oniuchiboo, oni uchiboo 鬼打棒(おにうちぼう)

juunigaki 十二書き(じゅうにがき)"writing 12"
a piece of cut firewood with the letters "二月”used as a decoration and burend on January 15.
..... nyuugi (にゅうぎ, 新木) "new wood"
oogatama no ki 大賀玉の木(おおがたまのき)



kadonyuudoo, kado nyuudoo 門入道(かどにゅうどう)
"tonsured goblin the gate"

Two simple dolls, male and female, with simple eyes, nose and mouth painted in ink. They are put up at the entrance to the home to ward off evil. This is a custom of the Tohoku region.

. Nyuudoo 入道 priests and goblins .



. NEW YEAR
KIGO for HUMANITY



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Kigo for late winter


maruta hiki 丸太曳 (まるたひき) transporting logs (timber)
... maruta dashi 丸太出(まるただし)
... yabudashi 藪出(やぶだし)
In times without maschinery, that was hard labor. One or two large stems were bound together and transported out of the forest by horses or cows on special paths for that purpose.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for all winter


edauchi, eda-uchi 枝打 (えだうち) cutting off branches
kareki oroshi 枯木卸し(かれきおろし)cutting off dried wood
(see below)



fuyusoma, fuyu soma 冬杣 (ふゆそま)forest worker, woodcutter
Some work in the forest during the daytime (higaeri soma) and to home in the evening, others wander around and stay in a small hut for a few days (nagare soma) and then move on to the next job.
Waldarbeiter, Holzäfller (somabito そまびと)

.................................................................................


. sumi 炭 (すみ) charcoal  
binchootan 備長炭 special charcoal from Wakayama
a kigo list about charcoal types

sumigama 炭竈 (すみがま) kiln for charcoal
... sumiyakigama 炭焼竈(すみやきがま)

sumiyaki 炭焼 (すみやき)making charcoal
hut used for making charcoal 炭焼小屋(すみやきごや)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

sumiyakifu 炭焼夫(すみやきふ)worker making charcoal
... yakigo 焼子(やきご)
... sumioi me 炭負女(すみおいめ)woman carrying charcoal
sumiuma, sumi-uma 炭馬(すみうま)horse carrying charcoal
sumiguruma 炭車(すみぐるま)cart transporting charcoal
sumizori 炭橇(すみぞり)sled transporting charcoal

Making charcoal was not a specialized work, but most farmers did it in the back woods of their home to use as heating. It was also done during other seasons, when they could sell their charcoal well. It takes about a week to cut the necessary wood and fire it in a special kiln.

. sumigama 炭竈 と伝説 Legends about charcoal kilns .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

quote
Forestry
In the Edo period, forests were important for the flood control and to prevent soil erosion. Many mountains were declared "closed mountains" of a domaine to protect the trees. Tree felling by private people was not allowed and regulated by the domaine officials for forestry.
Modern Japan
The nation's forest resources, although abundant, have not been well developed to sustain a large lumber industry. Of the 245,000 km² of forests, 198.000 km² are classified as active forests. Most often forestry is a part-time activity for farmers or small companies. About a third of all forests are owned by the government.
Production is highest in Hokkaido and in Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Fukushima, Gifu, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima prefectures. Nearly 33.5 million cubic meters of roundwood were produced in 1986, of which 98 % was destined for industrial uses.
The Japanese forest industry has been defeated by cheap wood shipped from abroad.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



edauchi, eda-uchi 枝打 (えだうち)
cutting off branches


This care for the forest trees is especially important for a kind of cedar, the Daisugi of Kitayama, in Northern Kyoto 北山台杉.
Kitayama cedars (Cryptomeria japonica). "Migaki Maruta"
The forest is owned by the same family for many generations, especially in Nakagawa village.
To cut the branches, each forest worker has his own sickle and a whetstone (toishi 砥石(といし), which he finds in the river up the forest and keeps as a precious personal tool. There is a saying in the area:
"Never lend these two things:
your wife and your whetstone!"


The tree is usually cut when it has about 20 year rings, which are very narrow to show the strength of the material when used for building.

CLICK for more photos

quote
When a cedar becomes 5 to 6 year-old, we cut most branches, just leaving some branches on the top protion of the tree, designated "Hosaki"and the bottom protion, which is designated "Tori-ki" and will serve as a basis for young newly growing branches, in the future. The main trunk is now called "Tachi-ki".

After this process, we cut branches of newly growing branches on the "Tori-ki" in addition to the main trunk, "Tachi-ki" every other year until the main trunk grows big enough as building materials. Once we cut the main trunk "Tachi-ki", we select some of the best newly growing branches on "Toriki" for future "Tachi-ki" and cut other branches. Among many young branches, ones growing straight to the sky are considered to be the best.

Fore more than 600 years, we have been repeating these processes in order to produce as many logs as possible, and there are some "Daisugi" threes which are more than several hundred years old.
We has been growing "Daisugi" cedars to collect logs for more than 600 years. Collected logs had been used to build "Sukiya"-styled tea houses. However, the large demand of logs due to the wide spread of the modern "Sukiya"-style after the World War II exceeded our supply. In addition, some of young logs from "Daisugi" cedars are called "Taru-ki", and they are no longer used to build houses due to a change in the law. Because of these events, the way we produce cedar log changed dramatically and demand of "Daisugi" decreased. .

However, the excellent figure of "Daisugi" is now loved by many peope and "Daisugi" cedars are used in Japanse gardens as well as golf yards.
source : http://www12.ocn.ne.jp/~ydaisuke/page035.html


Since the tradition has been revived, there are now also some young forest workers who learn the tradition from their peers. Whith small ladders they climb the trees and whack away the branches. It must be done in a way as not to make too large a wound on the tree, in one sharp cut, so that the ast hole will become a beautiful pattern for the log as the tree keeps growing and ageing.

The Daisugi trees are also used for bonsai nowadays.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



CLICK for more photos
枝打ちの伝統ありて今もなお
eda-uchi no dentoo arite ima mo nao

keeping the tradition
of cutting cedar branches ...
even now


Gabi Greve, November 2009




杉木立朝日を浴びて蒸す如く

sugikodachi asahi o abite musu gotoku

lanes of cedar trees
shine with the sun rise
and grow in mist

Terry Ishii
Seattle WA USA , November 2009


::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Forest kigo, category PLANTS

kigo for all spring

shunrin 春林 (しゅんりん) forest in spring
..... haru no mori 春の森(はるのもり)
haru no ki 春の樹(はるのき)tree in spring



sugikafun 杉花粉 pollen from cedars
matsukafun  松花粉 pollen from pines

sugi kafun / matsu kafun


*****************************
Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way


yamagatsu 山賤(やまがつ) / 山賎 woodcutters
kikori きこり【樵/木樵】 people who cut and transport wood out of the forest
somabito 杣人 (そまびと), yamashizu やましず / 山賤(やましづ)
They were usually poor folk who spent the winter months in the forest, making a small living cutting wood for the owners of the forest.
karyuudo かりゅうど【狩人/猟人】 hunter, huntsman are something different and have a different purpose for going into a forest.


山賤(やまがつ) のおとがひ閉る葎かな
yamagatsu no otogai tozuru mugura kana

the poor loggers
have to keep their mouths shut
(because of) so many cleaver weeds

Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 貞亨2年, Basho age 43.
Basho was on his way in Nozarashi Kiko and stayed at Yamura in Koshu 甲州谷村 (Yamanashi).
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Discussion of various translations
. mugura 葎 (むぐら) cleavers  


Larry Bole coments:
'Yamagatsu' have been written about as far back as the era of Heian Court poetry. One can find various translations of the word on the internet, such as "woodsman," "mountaineer," even "hillbilly."

Heian Court poets apparently wrote about 'yamagatsu' from the standpont of peasant exoticness , or from finding unexpected beauty among them.

An example, cited in Awesome Nightfall: The Life, Times, and Poetry of Saigyo, by William R. LaFleur:

ana koishi ima mo miteshi ga yamagatsu no
kakiho ni sakeru yamato nadeshio

oh sweet yearning if
only I could meet here once
more...the delicate
Japanese carnation that bloomed
on the mountain peasant's fence

trans. Laurel Rasplica Rodd

LaFleur says:
Kubota remarks that in such poems, typical of the court, the speaker places himself physically close to the fence or home of the 'yamagatsu' peasant but, entirely caught up in his own affairs, pays absolutely no attention to the life of actual peasants.
By contrast, Saigyo writes of the 'yamagatsu' in the following way:

yamagatsu no suminu to miyuru watari kana
fuyu ni aseyuku shizuhara no sato

What I see when I
look around at the dwellings
of poor mountain people:
colors get fainter in so quiet
a village in mid-winter.


"Even when physically at a distance from them, Saigyo notices the people and their livelihood," writes Kubota.


So, what was so remarkable about this "woodcutter" that caught Basho's attention? Were they notorious chatterboxes, so that Basho noted that the tall grass shut one up, from not wanting to get grass in his mouth as he talked and talked?

Read the full discussion here:
by Larry Bole, Haiku Translation Forum


Are these just woodcutters who are cutting and gathering firewood to use for their own fires and to sell to others as firewood? Or are these loggers or lumberjacks, who are cutting down big trees to provide lumber for various kinds of construction?

If these are more like loggers/lumberjacks, then woodcutter in English would be misleading. And if they are more like loggers/lumberjacks, how did they get the tree trunks out of the forests? Like they used to do here, with teams of horses or mules, and chains?
. . . MORE .. questions from Larry Bole


yamagatsu
seem to have been professionals, so "logger" might be a better translation.

Firewood for the farmers was cut from the "satoyama" behind the village. It was used for cooking and keeping the open hearth fire in the kitchen of a farmhouse.

. Satoyama 里山 (さとやま) forests and mountains  


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Edo craftsmen 江戸の職人 .


tsukegi  付木startwood for fire, "match"



made from scraps of cedar wood with sulphur painted on one side.
The sulfur part was held close to a hearth fire and when it caught fire, the scrap could then be used to light another fire or candle in a lamp.
The craftsmen who made these pieces were called
tsukegi shi 付木師 Tsukegi makers
or
tsukegi 付木突き tsukegi cutters.


from 『今様職人尽百人一首』

By the end of the Edo period there were more than 500 in Edo.
They used special tools, one of them the shoojiki 正直 Shojiki blade and a shoojikidai 正直台 stand to use the Shojiki. The scraps would fall on the ground.

tsukegiya 付木屋 dealer of Tsukegi



source : 20century.blog2.fc2.com

Kitchen fire in Edo was usually started by the housewife with a flintstone and tinder and needed some skill.
. hiuchi, hi-uchi 火打ち striking a fire .


女房が留守で付木を使いすぎ
nyoobo ga rusu de tsukegi o tsukaisugi

when the wife is not home
he uses
too many matches


Senryu in Edo


tsukegi uri 付木売り selling wood scraps to light a fire



. Doing Business in Edo .


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Charcoal Setting (sumi temae 炭点前)
for the tea ceremony


::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


The woodcutter
works in all seasons.
Splitting wood is both
Action and inaction.


Tao Te Ching, Verse 64


*****************************
HAIKU



source : ajian - msaka


秋風や酒肆に詩うたふ漁者樵者
akikaze ya shushi ni shi utau gyosha shosha

this autumn wind -
in the sake shop reciting poetry
fishermen and woodcutters

Tr. Gabi Greve

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


牡丹焚火山河は闇に納まれり
botan takibi sanga wa yami ni osamareri

peony bonfire -
the mountain landscape settles
in the darkness


Kohiyama Shigeko 小檜山繁子
MORE haiku with botan takibi

sanga refers to the mountains and rivers of one's natural sourroundings of ones native place.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


筏士が飯にかけたる蛍かな
ikadashi ga meshi ni kaketaru hotaru kana

the master raftsman
sprinkles them on his rice --
fireflies


Kobayashi Issa 一茶


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


年木樵無灯自転車にて帰る
toshiki kori mutoo jitensha nite kaeru

transporting firewood
I drive home on a bicycle
without a light


Tsuji Momoko 辻桃子

MORE haiku with toshikikori


::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Winding road at dusk
the logger slows down
for a deer


Darrell Lindsey (USA)
Award
Basho's 360th Anniversary Web Haiku Contest 2004
source : www.mietimes.jp




*****************************
Related words

In spring, trees are grafted or planted.
Cut timber and logs used to be transported out of the forest with rafts.


kigo for mid-spring

naegi 苗木市 (なえぎいち) market for tree saplings
naegi uri 苗木売(なえぎうり)vendor of tree saplings




sashiki 挿木 (さしき/ 挿し木) plant a cutting
sashiho 挿穂(さしほ)
sashime 挿芽(さしめ)
sashiba 挿葉(さしば)
sashidoko 挿床(さしどこ)



sentei 剪定 (せんてい) pruning
sentei ki 剪定期(せんていき)time for pruning
senshi 剪枝(せんし)pruning branches



tsugiki, tsugi-ki 接木 (つぎき / 接ぎ木) grafting
..... tsugiho 接穂(つぎほ)
daigi 砧木(だいぎ)stock, rootstock
tsugiki nae 接木苗(つぎきなえ)scion
metsugi 芽接(めつぎ)grafting buds
kiritsugi 切接(きりつぎ)
netsugi 根接(ねつぎ)grafting roots
Grafting in the WIKIPEDIA !


..........................................


hatsu ikada 初筏 (はついかだ) first raft
ikada matsuri 筏祭(いかだまつり)raft festival
shobatsushiki 初筏式(しょばつしき) first raft ceremony
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



kinagashi 木流し (きながし )
transporting timber on the river

..... kuda nagashi 管流し(くだながし)floating one log at a time
seki nagashi 堰流し(せきながし)floating a dam (made by logs)
teppoozeki 鉄砲堰(てっぽうぜき)
shura otoshi 修羅落し(しゅらおとし)
aba 網場(あば) place for floating logs

CLICK for more photos ... wood.co.jp
First many logs of timber are collected at one special part in the river, then all are floated when the water is high enough.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



. WASHOKU
sweet mirin to keep the rafters warm

in Kawabe 岐阜県加茂郡川辺町


.................................................................................


kigo for late spring

naegi uu 苗木植う (なえぎうう) planting tree saplings
shokurin 植林(しょくりん)afforestation, planting trees
suginae, sugi-nae 杉苗(すぎなえ)pine saplings


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Forest work in the NEW YEAR

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


five thirty -
the woodcutters chainsaw
sounds deep in the forest


. Gabi Greve, July 9, 2010 - the full story .



***** Ash, ashes (hai) and related kigo
and sumi-temae carcoal layout of the tea ceremony


***** . Bonsai 盆栽 potted trees .


***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


. WASHOKU
Mori no Megumi 森の恵み Food from the Bountiful Woods

and Satoyama Saijiki 里山歳時記


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

10/26/2009

Straw (wara)

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Straw (wara)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant, humanity


*****************************
Explanation

Straw is used for many things in Japan.


wayside shrine made from straw

Here let us look at the kigo.

We have straw from wheat (wara) and rice plants.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for spring

observance kigo for early spring


warauma hiki, wara-uma hiki 藁馬曳き (わらうまひき)
leading a straw horse

In Tozawa, Nagano 戸沢のわら馬曳き
Straw horses mounted on sledges with wheels are pulled down from the mountains in the west, to pray at the wayside deities (doosojin) for protection from fire and other accidents and for good health in the coming year.
On February 8, the day of "koto hajime".

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

CLICK for more photos

Book about the festivals of Shinshu (Nagano) in the 12 months. The title shows the straw horse festival.

. Doosojin 道祖神 the Wayside Gods

.................................................................................

all spring

suwara suzume 巣藁雀(すわらすずめ)
sparrow nest made of straw

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for summer

early summer

mugiwara 麦藁 (むぎわら) straw from wheat
... 麦稈(むぎわら)

mugiwarabue, mugiwara bue 麦藁笛(むぎわらぶえ)
flute from straw
... 麦稈笛(むぎわらぶえ)

mid-summer

makiwarabune 巻藁船(まきわらぶね)ship to transport straw bundles
(during the Atsuta festival 熱田祭 (あつたまつり))

mugiwara kago 麦藁籠 (むぎわらかご) straw basket
... 麦稈籠(むぎわらかご)

mugiwara haze 麦藁鯊 (むぎわらはぜ) "straw goby" fish
goby caught in autumn


mugiwara dai 麦藁鯛 (むぎわらだい) "straw sea bream"
caught in autumn, after laying eggs
... waradai, wara-dai 麦鯛

mugiwara dako 麦藁章魚 むぎわらだこ "octopus during straw season"
... mugiwaradako 麦藁蛸(むぎわらだこ)

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for late autumn

shinwara, shin wara 新藁 (しんわら) new straw
kotoshi wara 今年藁(ことしわら) straw of this year


warazuka 藁塚 (わらづか) mound of straw
. . . nio にお、wara nio 藁にお(わらにお)、waraguru 藁ぐろ(わらぐろ)
warako zumi 藁こづみ(わらこづみ)

tawara ami 俵網 (たわらあみ) making straw bags

wara kinuta 藁砧(わらきぬた)mallet for pounding straw
Fulling block (kinuta)

mugiwara tonbo 麦藁蜻蛉(むぎわらとんぼ)"wheat straw" dragonfly
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for winter

wara shigoto 藁仕事 (わらしごと) working with straw

wara utsu 藁打つ(わらうつ)hitting straw
with a wooden mallet, to make it softer

nawa nau 縄綯う(なわなう)making a rope
tawara amu 俵編む(たわらあむ)making straw bags
(also in late autumn)

mushiro oru 筵織る(むしろおる)weavint straw mats
Mushiro for summer

waragutsu amu 藁沓編む(わらぐつあむ)weaving straw boots
waragutsu 藁沓(わらぐつ)straw shoes for winter

kamasu oru 叺織る(かますおる)weaving a straw bag
Straw bag (kamasu) topic for haiku

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for the New Year

fukuwara 福藁 (ふくわら) straw for good luck
fukuwara shiku 福藁敷く(ふくわらしく)
fukusa wara ふくさ藁(ふくさわら)
New straw that is placed at the entrance and in the garden of a mansion. It serves to purify the place for the coming year and is a gesture of respect for the visitors on the New Year.

kazariwara, kazari-wara 飾藁(かざりわら)straw for decorations
especially shimenawa ropes
Shimenawa 注連縄

wara gooshi 藁盒子 (わらごうし) small straw container with a lid
... saiwai kago 幸籠(さいわいかご)"good luck basket"

*****************************
Worldwide use

*****************************
Things found on the way


aramakizake 新巻鮭(あらまきざけ)one whole salmon perserved in straw after marinating in vinegar.

WASHOKU
salmon food


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

CLICK for more photos click for many more photos

warazaiku 藁細工 things made of straw
straw works, straw crafts

Winter was the time for the farmers to make many useful things of straw in the olden times. Each villag had its specialist and the housewifes learned from him and made many things themselves. Toys for the children were also made of straw.
Stroharbeiten


o-mikiguchi おみきぐち / 神酒口
decorations for sake bottles as offerings for the New Year

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Wara ningyoo 藁人形 straw dolls for curses .


*****************************
HAIKU


新藁の出初めて早き時雨哉
shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana

The new rice-straw
Is coming out, but already
The wintry shower is starting.

Tr. Oseko

Written in 元禄7年, Basho age 51, at Iga Ueno, at the home of Izen.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Basho at the home of Kubota Izen 窪田意専 .



quote
Winter season is coming soon. Autumn wind is blowing, the fields that harvest is over, there is a landscape to feel lonely. In places, are stacked straw. In Japan, this is very important straw.
Straw, to make various things, he was using. Autumn landscape and lonely, in this clause, Basho's view of nature are expressed.
Sweet, representing the leaves of ginkgo had come down on top of the straw.
source : kikyou0123
haika 俳菓 Haiku Sweets

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

fukuwara ya gomi sae kesa no utsukushiki

new auspicious straw -
this morning even the dirt
looks beautiful


Chiyo-Ni (Chiyoni), Kaga no Chiyo jo (1703-1775)
(tr. Gabi Greve)

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The giant straw sculptures of Japan

straw sculptures of the Wara Art Festival in Niigata Prefecture


CLICK for more samples .

Look at more photos:
- source : en.rocketnews24.com

*****************************
Related words

***** Bagworm (minomushi - "straw raincoat bug") Japan. Case moth, basketworm

***** Geta, wooden Japanses sandals Japan. Straw sandals (zoori)

***** Hat, Straw hat, hood (kasa, zukin, booshi) Japan Worldwide

***** Sandeel: KAMASU : straw back, tobacco pouch, Pacific sandeel (Ammodytes personatus) Japan

***** Strawberries Cranberries

***** Straw mats (thick: tatami. thin: goza) Japan


. SAIJIKI -
Observances in Spring
 

. mugiwarazaiku 麦わら細工 handicraft from wheat straw .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

10/17/2009

Acebia (akebi) kazura and tsuta

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Acebia (akebi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Plant


*****************************
Explanation


for other vines, see below

.................................................................................

akebi あけび【通草/木通】acebia, akebia.
"chocolate vine", five-leaf akebia, woody climbing vine
Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

The name may be derived from
開け実 hirake mi ... fruit which opens, because it looks like an open mouth.



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for mid-spring

akebi no mezuke あけびの芽漬(あけびのめづけ)
pickles of akebi buds

WASHOKU : pickles of spring


tsuta no me 蔦の芽 (つたのめ) buds of the Japanese ivy


kigo for late spring

CLICK for more photos

akebi no hana あけびの花 / 通草の花 (あけびのはな)
flowers of the acebia
... yamahime no hana 山女の花(やまひめのはな)
... akebi no hana 丁翁の花(あけびのはな)
... hana akebi 花通草(はなあけび)
akebikazura あけびかずら acebina vine in blossom
mitsuba akebi 三葉通草(みつばあけび)"three leaf acebia"
akebi saku 通草咲く(あけびさく) acebia is blossoming


mube no hana 郁子の花 (むべのはな) mube blossoms
(a kind of acebia)
..... ube no hana うべの花(うべのはな)
..... noboke 野木瓜(のぼけ)
..... tokiwa akebi 常盤通草(ときわあけび)
Stauntonia hexaphylla
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for mid-autumn

CLICK for more photos

akebi あけび【通草/木通】acebia, akebia

akebi no mi 通草の実 fruit of the acebia

akebi kazura 通草かずら(あけびかずら)acebia vine
... akebu あけぶ、omekazura おめかずら、kamikazura かみかずら
yamahime 山女(やまひめ)"mountain princess"

akebidana 通草棚(あけびだな)shelf for growing acebina


mitsuba akebi 三葉通草 (みつばあけび) three-leaves acebia
A. trifoliata


mube 郁子 (むべ) evergreen acebia
..... tokiwa akebi 常盤通草 (ときわあけび)
Stauntonia hexaphylla



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



quote
Akebia quinata (Chocolate Vine or Five-leaf Akebia) is a shrub that is native to Japan, China and Korea.

It grows to 10 metres or more in height and has compound leaves with five leaflets. The inflorescences are clustered in racemes and are vanilla-scented, with three or four sepals. The fruits are sausage-shaped pods which contain edible pulp.

In China A. quinata is referred to as 木通 "mu tung" (Wade-Giles)) meaning "perforated wood". It is also occasionally known as 通草 "tung tsao" (Wade-Giles)) meaning "perforated grass".

In the Chinese pharmacopoeia it is believed to be therapeutic as a diuretic, antiphlogistic, galactagogue and analgesic. The principal use of the herb in China is as a traditional remedy for insufficient lactation in nursing mothers. The medicinal part of the plant is the woody stem which is sliced in transverse sections and prepared as a decoction. The stem contains approximately 30% potassium salts thus giving the diuretic action.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. WASHOKU
akebi no karakkozuke アケビの殻っこづけ
akebia skin stuffed with meat and vegetables
 
Akita and Yamagata


Yamagata is one of the most important growing areas for akebi.
山形の郷土料理 Yamagata Local Food

akebi tenpura あけび天ぷら tempura from akebia
akebia meat tasts good with fat, like tempura or simply fried with shiitake mushrooms or other vegetables.

CLICK for more photos

nikuzume あけびの肉詰め akebia stuffed with minced meat

nuta-ae あけびのぬたあえ with a vinegar-miso-sauce

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


*****************************
Worldwide use

Akebi-Ranke

*****************************
Things found on the way




The vine is used to make baskets and containers.
akebizaiku アケビ細工
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Folk Craft from Nagano .


tsuruzaiku, tsuru saiku つる細工 craft from vines
is also popular in many parts of Tohoku. During the long winter months people used to make all kinds of containers from the local vines, especially akebi.
There are workshops to teach the art to the younger generation and the pieces become popular souvenirs for tourists.


Work from the Aizu region 会津のつる細工


*****************************
HAIKU



. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


秋風や桐に動きて蔦の霜
aki kaze ya / kiri ni ugokite / tsuta no shimo


苔埋む蔦のうつつの念仏哉
. koke uzumu tsuta no utsutsu no nebutsu kana .
Nenbutsu 念仏


蔦の葉は昔めきたる紅葉哉
tsuta no ha wa / mukashi mekitaru / momiji kana


.............................................................................



蔦植ゑて竹四五本の嵐哉
tsuta uete take shi go hon no arashi kana

ivy planted,
and four or five stalks of bamboo
in the windstorm

Tr. Barnhill


vines planted
four or five bamboo trees
stirring in a storm

Tr. Shirane


A greeting hokku for poet Roboku 廬牧 (1628–1706)
kanjin no boosha 閑人の茅舎 The thatched hut of a recluse in Ise

Roboku must have lived a very simple life of a recluse, planting vine creepers on purpose and just a few poles of bamboo in his garden.

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

tsuta vine planted
and four or five bamboo poles
in the storm . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve


at Ise Jinguu 伊勢神宮 Grand Shrine at Ise -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Nozarashi Kikoo 野ざらし紀行, 1684
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


.............................................................................





桟はしや命をからむ蔦かつら
桟や命をからむ蔦葛
kakehashi ya inochi o karamu tsuta katsura
(sanbashi ya)

this plank bridge -
the tsuta and katsura vines
coil their lives



This was an old fragile bridge in the times of Basho, at the Nakasendo, Agematsu juku 上松塾.
The Kakehashi from Kiso 木曽の桟(かけはし)
It was one of the most dangerous places on the old road, along with
Atsuta no watashi 太田のわたし river corssing at Atsuta
and
Usui Tooge 碓氷峠 Usui pass.


Matsuo Basho traveling along the
. Nakasendoo 中山道 The Nakasendo Road .




source : Sake barrel from 西尾酒造


Masakoa Shiki also wrote about this place

かけはしやあぶない処に山つつじ 
kakehashi ya abunai tokoro ni yama tsutsuji

this plank bridge -
at the most dangerous spot
mountain azaleas


桟や水にとどかず5月雨  

正岡子規


The new metal bridge at Kiso.

Take a look at a stone memorial from Basho :
source : kaidou/nakasendo

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


手とどかぬ通草ばかりが目について 
te todokanu akebi bakari ga me ni tsuite

I can only see
these akebi fruit
too high to grab 
      

Shimomura Umeko 下村梅子

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


ぬれ髪のまま寝てゆめの通草かな 
nuregami no mama nete yume no akebi kana

I sleep
with wet hair - in my dream
akebi vine


Akao Tooshi 赤尾兜子 (1925 - 1981)


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


あけびの実軽しつぶてとして重し 
akebi no mi karushi tsubute to shite omoshi

Kaneko Tohta 金子兜太


*****************************
Related words

kigo for early autumn

binboo kazura 貧乏葛(びんぼうかずら) "poor man's vine"
bushkiller
yabu karashi, yabukarashi 藪からし (やぶからし / 藪枯らし) Yabu Garashi
Cayratia japonica, Japanese Cayratia Herb
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



kigo for mid-autumn

fuusenkazura 風船葛 (ふうせんかずら) Balloon vine
Love in a puff
Candiospermum halicacabum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


kigo for all summer

aotsuta 青蔦 (あおつた) green Japanese ivy
tsuta aoba 蔦青葉(つたあおば)green leaves of Japanese ivy
tsuta shigeru 蔦茂る(つたしげる)Japanese ivy grows thickly
tsuta aoshi 蔦青し(つたあおし)Japanese ivy is green
natsutsuta 夏蔦(なつつた) Japanese ivy in summer

CLICK for more photos

. . . . .

kigo for all autumn

tsuta 蔦 (つた) Japanese ivy
Parthenocissus tricuspidata
tsuta momiji 蔦紅葉 red leaves of Japanese ivy
nihsikizuta 錦蔦 "brocade leaves of tsuta"

tsuta kazura 蔦かずら (つたかずら) ivy and vines
all kinds of creepers


tsuta in other seasons

. karetsuta 枯蔦 (かれつた) withering ivy, wild wine withering
..... tsuta karu 蔦枯る(つたかる)
..... karekazura 枯かずら(かれかずら)


. tsuta no shoogatsu 蔦の正月(つたのしょうがつ) New Year of the vines


. . . . .


. kuzu kazura 葛かずら(くずかずら)Kudzu-Vine  
Arrowroot, Pueraria lobata


binan kazura 美男葛 (びなんかずら) "beautiful man" Vine
sanekazura 真葛(さねかずら)Sanekazura, Sanekadsura
..... 南五味子(さねかずら)
..... tororo kazura とろろかずら
Kadsura japonica
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


.................................................................................


kigo for late summer

tsuzurafuji 葛藤 (つづらふじ) Sabia vine
tsuzura つづら、tsuzurakazura 葛籠葛(つづらかずら)
aokazura 青葛(あおかずら)"green kazura vine"
aofuji 青藤(あおふじ)"green fuji vine"
bokubooki 木防己(ぼくぼうき) "tree broom"
Sabia japonica Maxim


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


kigo for late autumn

masaki no kazura 正木の鬘 (まさきのかずら)
sprindle tree creepers

masaki no kazura 柾の葛(まさきのかずら)
teika kazura 定家葛(ていかかずら)
Euonymus japonicus



hiyodorijoogo 鵯上戸 (ひよどりじょうご) Solanum lyratum
hakuei 白英(はくえい)
horoshi 鬼目(ほろし)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for all winter

fuyuzuta 冬蔦 (ふゆづた) Japanese ivy in winter
kizuta 木蔦(きづた)


.................................................................................

observance kigo for mid-winter

hikage no kazura 日蔭の蔓 (ひかげのかずら)
lit. "kazura vine in the shadow"

hikage no ito 日蔭の糸(ひかげのいと)"string in the shadow"
hikage no kokoroba 日蔭の心葉(ひかげのこころば)
kokoroba 心葉(こころば) "leaf of the heart"

At certain court rituals (新嘗祭、大嘗祭、豊明節会(とよあかりのせちえ), the participants used to wear a special head gear with vine on both sides to show humility (monoimi 物忌). Sometimes moss (saruogase さるをがせ) was used or "moss from the pine" matsu no koke 松の苔. Later white or colored strings were used. The "leaf of the heart" could be a leaf of chochikubai pine, bamboo and plum, cherry or chrysanthemum.




hikagenokazura ヒカゲノカズラ club moss
Lycopodium cunninghamioides Hayata

CLICK for original blog.goo.ne.jp

In the Genji Monogatari this is also a kakekotoba for
hikage 日光(ひかげ)

. SAIJIKI
OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS, RITUALS



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


くふ飯に蔦ぶら下る山家哉
kuu meshi ni tsuta burasagaru yamaga kana

ivy hangs down
into the food we eat --
mountain house


Kobayashi Issa

This hokku is from the 8th month (September) of 1822, when Issa was visiting a mountainous area not too far from his hometown. People who lived in the mountains tended to eat mainly millet and other grains that could be grown in dry fields on the slopes.
Meshi can mean either the main food one eats, or, in a lowland context, cooked rice.
Chris Drake


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



***** AUTUMN PLANTS -
SAIJIKI



. PLANTS in all seasons - SAIJIKI


[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

10/12/2009

Columbus Day

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Columbus Day

***** Location: America
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Humanity


*****************************
Explanation

October12

CLICK for more photos CLICK for many more photos


Many countries in the New World and elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar and October 21, 1492 in the modern Gregorian calendar, as an official holiday. The day is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, as Día de la Raza (Day of the Race) in many countries in Latin America, as Día de las Culturas (Day of the Cultures) in Costa Rica, as Discovery Day in The Bahamas, as Día de la Hispanidad and Fiesta Nacional in Spain, as Día de las Américas (Day of the Americas) in Uruguay and as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) in Venezuela. These holidays have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century, and officially in various countries since the early 20th century.

Columbus Day first became an official state holiday in Colorado in 1905, and became a federal holiday in 1934. But people have celebrated Columbus' voyage since the colonial period. In 1792, New York City and other eastern U.S. cities celebrated the 300th anniversary of his landing in the New World. In 1892, President Benjamin Harrison called upon the people of the United States to celebrate Columbus Day on the 400th anniversary of the event. During the 400-year anniversary in 1892, teachers, preachers, poets and politicians used Columbus Day rituals to teach ideals of patriotism. These patriotic rituals were framed around themes such as support for war, citizenship boundaries, the importance of loyalty to the nation, and celebrating social progress.

Catholic immigration in the mid-nineteenth century induced discrimination from anti-immigrant activists such as the Ku Klux Klan. Like many other struggling immigrant communities, Catholics developed organizations to fight discrimination and provide insurance for the struggling immigrants. One such organization, the Knights of Columbus, chose that name in part because it saw Christopher Columbus as a fitting symbol of Catholic immigrants' right to citizenship: one of their own, a fellow Catholic, had discovered America.

Some Italian-Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of their heritage, the first occasion being in New York City on October 12, 1866. Columbus Day was first popularized as a holiday in the United States through the lobbying of Angelo Noce, a first generation Italian, in Denver. The first official, regular Columbus Day holiday was proclaimed by Colorado governor Jesse F. McDonald in 1905 and made a statutory holiday in 1907. In April 1934, as a result of lobbying by the Knights of Columbus, Congress and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt October 12 was made a federal holiday under the name Columbus Day and a Federal holiday.

Since 1971, the holiday has been fixed to the second Monday in October, coincidentally the same day as Thanksgiving in neighboring Canada (which was fixed to that date in 1959). It is generally observed today by banks, the bond market, the U.S. Postal Service and other federal agencies, most state government offices, and some school districts; however, some businesses and stock exchanges remain open.

Actual observance varies in different parts of the United States, ranging from large-scale parades and events to complete non-observance.

© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 – 20 May 1506)

was a navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of discovery and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World."

© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


*****************************
Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way



*****************************
HAIKU


Columbus Day--
in the tide pool
a new world


H. Gene Murtha, USA
October 2009


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


first encounter
on a quiet, sunny beach
Columbus Day


Armando Corbelle


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Columbus Day
Mount Washington
obscured by clouds


Columbus Day
getting lost on the way
to the mall



William Kenney, USA
http://haiku-usa.blogspot.com/


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Columbus Day
Native students boycott
the assembly


Catherine J.S. Lee, USA


*****************************
Related words

***** World Days

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

10/10/2009

Ice cutting

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Ice cutting (koori kiru)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Winter
***** Category: Humanity


*****************************
Explanation

Cutting ice from a clear lake and putting it into a storehouse (muro) to keep it for summer was vital during the times without electricity and refrigerators.

Lakes with especially clear water were protected and a Shinto shrine was usually close by to pray for the safe clear ice to send to the local lord or Shogun in Edo during the Summer Months.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

koori kiru 氷切る(こおりきる)cutting ice
... saihyoo 採氷 (さいひょう)
koori hiku 氷挽く(こおりひく)cutting ice
saihyoojoo 採氷場(さいひょうじょう)place for cutting ice
saihyoofu 採氷夫(さいひょうふ)worker who cuts ice
saihyoosha 採氷車(さいひょうしゃ)cart to transport the cut ice
saihyoochi 採氷池(さいひょうち)pond/lake for cutting ice


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


saihyoosen 砕氷船 (さいひょうせん) icebreaker ship
Eisbrecher

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


kigo for early winter

hio no tsukai 氷魚の使 (ひおのつかい) "bringer of iced fish"
hio o tamau 氷魚を賜う(ひおをたまう)
mootoo no jun 孟冬の旬 (もうとうのじゅん)

In the Heian period, it was custom to bring frozen fish from Yamashiro no Kuni (Uji) 山城国宇治 and Omi (Ueda) 近江国田上 to the court in Kyoto.



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


Eating ice during other seasons !

kigo for late summer

himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar
himuro mori 氷室守(ひむろもり)warden of the ice cellar
himuro no yuki 氷室の雪(ひむろのゆき)snow in the ice cellar
himuro no yama 氷室の山(ひむろのやま) mountain with an ice cellar

The himuro was often in the forest, close to the pond where the ice was cut. It had to be a cold and shaded place.

himuro no sakura 氷室の桜 (ひむろのさくら)
cherry blossoms in the ice cellar
..... himuro no hana 氷室の花(ひむろのはな)


observances in late summer

koori o kuuzu 氷を供ず (こおりをくうず) offering ice (in a Shinto shrine)
... hi n omitsugi 氷の貢(ひのみつぎ)
himuro no tsukai 氷室の使(ひむろのつかい)bringer of the ice
hi no omono 氷の御物(ひのおもの)ice offering

... shihyoo no setsu 賜氷の節 (しひょうのせつ)
first day of the sixth months
himochi o iwau 氷餅を祝う (ひもちをいわう) celebrate with iced mochi (see below, minazuki sweets)
himuro no sekku 氷室の節供(ひむろのせっく)seasonal celebration of the ice cellars
koori n o tsuitachi 氷の朔日(こおりのついたち)"first day of the ice"




himuro no sakura 氷室の桜 (ひむろのさくら) "cherry blossoms in ice"
himuro no hana 氷室の花(ひむろのはな) "flowers in ice"
offering from the fish of the sea and fish of the land (sweetwater fish) at Shrine Himuro Jinja, Nara 奈良氷室神社
. WASHOKU
Food treasures of the sea and the mountains




sweet called "himuro no sakura" cherry in the ice cellar


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


kigo for all summer

koori reizooko 氷冷蔵庫(こおりれいぞうこ)
refrigerator (with ice)

The oldfashioned ones used blocks of ice.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

reizooko 冷蔵庫 (れいぞうこ) refrigerator
denki reizooko 電気冷蔵庫(でんきれいぞうこ)electric refrigarator
gasu reizooko ガス冷蔵庫(がすれいぞうこ) gas refrigerator
Kühlschrank, Eisschrank



koori uri 氷売 (こおりうり) seller of ice blocks

. koorimizu uri 氷水売り vendors of "ice water" . in Edo



. hanagoori 花氷 (はなごおり) "ice flowers"  
kooribashira 氷柱(こおりばしら) ice pillar 



"summer ice" . natsugoori 夏氷(なつごおり)
kakigoori かき氷(かきごおり), shaved ice with flavor topping
. WASHOKU
Drinks with ice in Summer



. Ice cream, ice-cream, icecream (aisu)



.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Summer
 


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

observance kigo for the New Year

Kamakura かまくら "snow hut"
..... 雪室 (ゆきむろ) yukimuro

Festival for children in Akita on January 15.

In the town of Yokote, on February 15 and 16.



Children make mountains of snow, about 2 meters high and carve an opening, where they can sit inside by candlelight and enjoy special food. The grown-ups come visiting and children offer them mochi ricecakes and sweet sake.
It is a ritual to ward off evil insects and birds from the rice paddies and pray for a good harvest (torioi 鳥追い).

Yukimuro are often carved in the natural snow mountains of the region.


Stamp in memory of this festival


SAIJIKI – NEW YEAR OBSERVANCES


*****************************
Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way


himuro manjuu 氷室饅頭 "ice cellar manjuu"

CLICK for more photos CLICK for more photos


Eaten on the first day of the 7th month (himuro no tsuitachi)
They are of white and red color and eaten with the wish for good health during the following year. Made from barley flower. In Kaga it was custom to open the ice cellars (himuro) on the first day of the 6th month (now June 30). The ice, which was collected in winter from pure water ponds, was put on carts and transported hastily to the Shogun in Edo.

. WASHOKU
氷室饅頭 himuro "ice cellar manjuu"



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. WASHOKU
minazuki 水無月 (みなずき) sweets for June

These sweets were the poor man's equivalent of a royal treat in June, when the emperor in Kyoto was served beans on shaved ice that was taken into a storeroom in the winter time.
The ice stores (himuro 氷室) for the emperor's court were in the north of Kyoto, protected by the shrine Himuro Jinja 氷室神社 in Kitayama.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Himuro Yakushidoo 氷室薬師堂 Himuro Yakushido

- quote
Himuro Yakushi, or formally named Murakamiji Temple, is a historic temple founded by Sakanoue Tamuramaro in 807 to pray for safety of his soldiers. The temple has been worshipped by local people for its divine power to bring national safety and people’s happiness.

Yakushi Nyorai at this temple is especially famous for curing eye diseases. Votive tablets, on which faces with big black round eyes are drawn, are hung at the side of the Yakushi Hall. Also, many pieces of paper, on which pictures of eyes are drawn, are dedicated and hung inside the hall. You will feel strong religious faith dedicated to the temple from these votive articles.

There is an interesting legend about this temple.
Once upon a time, there lived an extremely cowardly warrior in a nearby village. He wanted to cure his cowardice and visited the temple on 100 consecutive nights. On the 100th night, a specter appeared in front him. Then he gathered his courage and struck at it with his sword only to find that it was a pillar of the hall. Visitor can see the scar made by him even today.
It’s a heart-easing story for a temple with such a solemn atmosphere, isn’t it?
source : nippon-kichi.jp


*****************************
HAIKU



source : itoyo/basho
Memorial Stone at the Hachiman Shrine 新庄市鳥越鳥越八幡神社

水の奥氷室尋ねる柳哉
水の奥氷室尋る柳哉
mizu no oku himuro tazunuru yanagi kana

at this water’s source
I would seek for an ice house:
willow tree

Tr. Barnhill

Written on the first day of the 6th lunar month 1689 元禄2年6月1日.

Basho stayed at the home of Fuuryuu 風流 Furyu on his way from 大石田 - 新庄 Oishida to Shinjo.
Fuuryuu, a very rich merchant, his name was 澁谷甚兵衛 Shibuya Shinbei. There was a small river with willow trees, providing the feeling of coolness as if it had come right our of an ice storage. The place was called "Yanagi no kiyomizu" 柳の清水 "Clear water from the willow tree".

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



Oku no Hosomichi - 新庄 - - - - - - Station 27 - Ooishida 大石田 Oishida - - - - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

涼しさやしなのの雪も銭になる
suzushisa ya Shinano no yuki mo zeni ni naru

this coolness -
even the snow of Shinano
can be sold


Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



CLICK for original LINK


山は風のひやつく氷室哉
yama wa kaze no hiyatsuku himuro kana

the wind in the mountain
is getting so cold -
ice storehouse


Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規


*****************************
Related words

***** saffron cod 氷魚 (ひお) hio, lit. "ice fish"
..... hiuo ひうお
Eleginus gracilis
kigo for all winter

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

also called KANKAI カンカイ(寒海)
also called KOMAI 氷下魚 (こまい)

komai tsuri 氷下魚釣り(こまいつり)fishing for saffron cod
komaijiru 氷下魚汁(こまいじる)soup with saffron cod
hoshi komai 乾氷下魚(ほしこまい)dried saffron cod


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

10/01/2009

Winter farmers work

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Farmers work in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity


*****************************
Explanation

There is a lot to be done in winter, repairing and preparing things for the next season.


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for early winter

.................................................................................

daikon hiku 大根引 (だいこんひき)
harvesting radish, pulling out radish
daiko hiki だいこ引き(だいこひき)
daikon uma 大根馬(だいこんうま)horse for pulling out radish
daikon bune 大根舟(だいこんぶね)"boat" for pulling out radish
daikonguruma 大根車(だいこんぐるま)cart for transporting radish

daikon arau 大根洗う(だいこんあらう)washing radish
(before drying)
daikon hosu 大根干す ( だいこんほす) to dry radish
hoshidaiko 干大根(ほしだいこ)drying radish

CLICK here for more photos
kakedaiko 懸大根(かけだいこ)daikon to dry on a shelf
Gestell zum Trocknen von Rettich


kiriboshi 切干 (きりぼし) kiriboshi dakion
cut and dried radish. prepared to be used all year round.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
getrocknete Rettichschnitzel

Radish (daikon)



hoshina 干菜 ほしな dried leaves of turnips and radish
... hiba 干葉(ひば)
kakena 懸菜(かけな)shelf to dry leaves
tsurina 吊菜(つりな)leaves hanging to dry
getrocknetes Blattgemüse

hoshinajiru ほしなじる【干菜汁】
miso soup with dried leaves



kabura hiki 蕪引 (かぶらひき) pulling out turnips
kabura hosu 蕪干す(かぶらほす) to dry turnips



.................................................................................



mugi maki 麦蒔 (むぎまき) sowing wheat
Wheat and Barley (mugi) and related kigo



renkon horu れんこん掘る digging for lotus root  
and related kigo



soba kari 蕎麦刈 (そばかり)harvesting buckwheat
soba hosu 蕎麦干す(そばほす) drying buckwheat
Buckwheat (soba), Buckwheat flowers Japan


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for mid-winter


i uu 藺植う ( いうう ) planting rushes
igusa いぐさ【藺草】Juncus decipiens Nakai
igusa is used for many things, especially to make tatami mats.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

and two more

kigo for mid-summer
i no hana 藺の花 (いのはな)

kigo for late summer
i karu 藺刈る (いかる) harvesting rushes
..... ikari, i kari 藺刈(いかり)
i hosu 藺干す(いほす)drying rushes


. 藺草 Igusa plant and its kigo .

.................................................................................


kansho kari 甘蔗刈 (かんしょかり) harvesting sugar cane
... kibi kari 甘蔗刈(きびかり)
sugar cane, satoo kibi 甘蔗 (さとうきび)



. digging for konnyaku roots 蒟蒻掘る (こんにゃくほる) konnyaku horu
and many related kigo


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for late winter


kangoe 寒肥 (かんごえ)
fertilizing (the fields) in the cold season

... kanpi 寒肥(かんぴ), kangoyashi 寒ごやし(かんごやし)



kuzu sarashi 葛晒し (くずさらし) bleaching arrowroot
It needs to be washed thoroughly before it can be made to a kind of flour for various dishes.
kudzu arrowroot starch / kuzu-Stärke
Arrowroot flower, Kudzu flower (kuzu no hana)

Dishes with arrowroot


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Kigo for all winter


onshitsu 温室(おんしつ)hothouse, greenhouse
onshoo 温床(おんしょう)hotbed (for seedlings)
fureemu フレーム "frame"



tookoo 冬耕 (とうこう) plowing in winter
... tsuchihiki 土曳き(つちひき)
kyakudo 客土(きゃくど)"fertilizing the soil"
kankoo 寒耕(かんこう) plowing in the cold
rice fields in all seasons




*****************************
Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way



*****************************
HAIKU


冷腹を暖め了す干菜汁
reifuku o atatameryuusu hoshinajiru

finally it warms
our cold stomachs -
soup with dried vegetable leaves


Takahama Kyoshi 虚子


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



寒肥や花の少き枇杷(びは)の木に
kangoe ya hana no sukunaki hiba no ki ni

fertilizing in the cold -
now for the loquat tree
with the few blossoms


Takano Sujuu 高野素十 (1893 - 1976)

Tr. Gabi Greve

*****************************
Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


. Farmers work in all seasons  



***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::