Ice cutting

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Ice cutting (koori kiru)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Cutting ice from a clear lake and putting it into a storehouse (muro) to keep it for summer was vital during the times without electricity and refrigerators.

Lakes with especially clear water were protected and a Shinto shrine was usually close by to pray for the safe clear ice to send to the local lord or Shogun in Edo during the Summer Months.


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koori kiru 氷切る（こおりきる）cutting ice
... saihyoo 採氷 (さいひょう)
koori hiku 氷挽く（こおりひく）cutting ice
saihyoojoo 採氷場（さいひょうじょう）place for cutting ice
saihyoofu 採氷夫（さいひょうふ）worker who cuts ice
saihyoosha 採氷車（さいひょうしゃ）cart to transport the cut ice
saihyoochi 採氷池（さいひょうち）pond/lake for cutting ice


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saihyoosen 砕氷船 (さいひょうせん) icebreaker ship
Eisbrecher

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kigo for early winter

hio no tsukai 氷魚の使 (ひおのつかい) "bringer of iced fish"
hio o tamau 氷魚を賜う（ひおをたまう）
mootoo no jun 孟冬の旬 (もうとうのじゅん)

In the Heian period, it was custom to bring frozen fish from Yamashiro no Kuni (Uji) 山城国宇治 and Omi (Ueda) 近江国田上 to the court in Kyoto.



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Eating ice during other seasons !

kigo for late summer

himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar
himuro mori 氷室守（ひむろもり）warden of the ice cellar
himuro no yuki 氷室の雪（ひむろのゆき）snow in the ice cellar
himuro no yama 氷室の山（ひむろのやま） mountain with an ice cellar

The himuro was often in the forest, close to the pond where the ice was cut. It had to be a cold and shaded place.

himuro no sakura 氷室の桜 (ひむろのさくら)
cherry blossoms in the ice cellar
..... himuro no hana 氷室の花（ひむろのはな）


observances in late summer

koori o kuuzu 氷を供ず (こおりをくうず) offering ice (in a Shinto shrine)
... hi n omitsugi 氷の貢（ひのみつぎ）
himuro no tsukai 氷室の使（ひむろのつかい）bringer of the ice
hi no omono 氷の御物（ひのおもの）ice offering

... shihyoo no setsu 賜氷の節 (しひょうのせつ)
first day of the sixth months
himochi o iwau 氷餅を祝う (ひもちをいわう) celebrate with iced mochi (see below, minazuki sweets)
himuro no sekku 氷室の節供（ひむろのせっく）seasonal celebration of the ice cellars
koori n o tsuitachi 氷の朔日（こおりのついたち）"first day of the ice"




himuro no sakura 氷室の桜 (ひむろのさくら) "cherry blossoms in ice"
himuro no hana 氷室の花（ひむろのはな) "flowers in ice"
offering from the fish of the sea and fish of the land (sweetwater fish) at Shrine Himuro Jinja, Nara 奈良氷室神社
. WASHOKU
Food treasures of the sea and the mountains



sweet called "himuro no sakura" cherry in the ice cellar


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kigo for all summer

koori reizooko 氷冷蔵庫（こおりれいぞうこ）
refrigerator (with ice)
The oldfashioned ones used blocks of ice.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

reizooko 冷蔵庫 (れいぞうこ) refrigerator
denki reizooko 電気冷蔵庫（でんきれいぞうこ）electric refrigarator
gasu reizooko ガス冷蔵庫（がすれいぞうこ） gas refrigerator
Kühlschrank, Eisschrank



koori uri 氷売 (こおりうり) seller of ice blocks

. koorimizu uri　氷水売り vendors of "ice water" . in Edo



. hanagoori 花氷 (はなごおり) "ice flowers" 　
kooribashira 氷柱（こおりばしら） ice pillar　



"summer ice" . natsugoori 夏氷（なつごおり）
kakigoori かき氷（かきごおり), shaved ice with flavor topping
. WASHOKU
Drinks with ice in Summer


. Ice cream, ice-cream, icecream (aisu)



.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Summer 　


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observance kigo for the New Year

Kamakura かまくら "snow hut"
..... 雪室 (ゆきむろ) yukimuro
Festival for children in Akita on January 15.

In the town of Yokote, on February 15 and 16.



Children make mountains of snow, about 2 meters high and carve an opening, where they can sit inside by candlelight and enjoy special food. The grown-ups come visiting and children offer them mochi ricecakes and sweet sake.
It is a ritual to ward off evil insects and birds from the rice paddies and pray for a good harvest (torioi 鳥追い).

Yukimuro are often carved in the natural snow mountains of the region.


Stamp in memory of this festival


SAIJIKI – NEW YEAR OBSERVANCES


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

himuro manjuu 氷室饅頭 "ice cellar manjuu"




Eaten on the first day of the 7th month (himuro no tsuitachi)
They are of white and red color and eaten with the wish for good health during the following year. Made from barley flower. In Kaga it was custom to open the ice cellars (himuro) on the first day of the 6th month (now June 30). The ice, which was collected in winter from pure water ponds, was put on carts and transported hastily to the Shogun in Edo.

. WASHOKU
氷室饅頭 himuro "ice cellar manjuu"


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. WASHOKU
minazuki 水無月 (みなずき) sweets for June
These sweets were the poor man's equivalent of a royal treat in June, when the emperor in Kyoto was served beans on shaved ice that was taken into a storeroom in the winter time.
The ice stores (himuro 氷室) for the emperor's court were in the north of Kyoto, protected by the shrine Himuro Jinja 氷室神社 in Kitayama.


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Himuro Yakushidoo 氷室薬師堂　Himuro Yakushido

- quote
Himuro Yakushi, or formally named Murakamiji Temple, is a historic temple founded by Sakanoue Tamuramaro in 807 to pray for safety of his soldiers. The temple has been worshipped by local people for its divine power to bring national safety and people’s happiness.

Yakushi Nyorai at this temple is especially famous for curing eye diseases. Votive tablets, on which faces with big black round eyes are drawn, are hung at the side of the Yakushi Hall. Also, many pieces of paper, on which pictures of eyes are drawn, are dedicated and hung inside the hall. You will feel strong religious faith dedicated to the temple from these votive articles.

There is an interesting legend about this temple.
Once upon a time, there lived an extremely cowardly warrior in a nearby village. He wanted to cure his cowardice and visited the temple on 100 consecutive nights. On the 100th night, a specter appeared in front him. Then he gathered his courage and struck at it with his sword only to find that it was a pillar of the hall. Visitor can see the scar made by him even today.
It’s a heart-easing story for a temple with such a solemn atmosphere, isn’t it?
source : nippon-kichi.jp


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HAIKU


source :　itoyo/basho
Memorial Stone at the Hachiman Shrine 新庄市鳥越鳥越八幡神社

水の奥氷室尋ねる柳哉
水の奥氷室尋る柳哉
mizu no oku himuro tazunuru yanagi kana

at this water’s source
I would seek for an ice house:
willow tree
Tr. Barnhill

Written on the first day of the 6th lunar month 1689 元禄2年6月1日.

Basho stayed at the home of Fuuryuu 風流 Furyu on his way from 大石田 - 新庄　Oishida to Shinjo.
Fuuryuu, a very rich merchant, his name was 澁谷甚兵衛 Shibuya Shinbei. There was a small river with willow trees, providing the feeling of coolness as if it had come right our of an ice storage. The place was called "Yanagi no kiyomizu" 柳の清水 "Clear water from the willow tree".

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



Oku no Hosomichi - 新庄 - - - - - - Station 27 - Ooishida 大石田 Oishida - - - - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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涼しさやしなのの雪も銭になる
suzushisa ya Shinano no yuki mo zeni ni naru

this coolness -
even the snow of Shinano
can be sold

Kobayashi Issa　小林一茶


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山は風のひやつく氷室哉
yama wa kaze no hiyatsuku himuro kana

the wind in the mountain
is getting so cold -
ice storehouse

Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規


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Related words

***** saffron cod 氷魚 (ひお) hio, lit. "ice fish"
..... hiuo ひうお
Eleginus gracilis
kigo for all winter

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

also called KANKAI カンカイ（寒海）
also called KOMAI 氷下魚 (こまい)

komai tsuri 氷下魚釣り（こまいつり）fishing for saffron cod
komaijiru 氷下魚汁（こまいじる）soup with saffron cod
hoshi komai 乾氷下魚（ほしこまい）dried saffron cod


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***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo

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Winter farmers work

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Farmers work in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

There is a lot to be done in winter, repairing and preparing things for the next season.


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Kigo for early winter

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daikon hiku 大根引 (だいこんひき)
harvesting radish, pulling out radish
daiko hiki だいこ引き（だいこひき）
daikon uma 大根馬（だいこんうま）horse for pulling out radish
daikon bune 大根舟（だいこんぶね）"boat" for pulling out radish
daikonguruma 大根車（だいこんぐるま）cart for transporting radish

daikon arau 大根洗う（だいこんあらう）washing radish
(before drying)
daikon hosu 大根干す ( だいこんほす) to dry radish
hoshidaiko 干大根（ほしだいこ）drying radish


kakedaiko 懸大根（かけだいこ）daikon to dry on a shelf
Gestell zum Trocknen von Rettich


kiriboshi 切干 (きりぼし) kiriboshi dakion
cut and dried radish. prepared to be used all year round.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
getrocknete Rettichschnitzel

Radish (daikon)



hoshina 干菜 ほしな dried leaves of turnips and radish
... hiba 干葉（ひば）
kakena 懸菜（かけな）shelf to dry leaves
tsurina 吊菜（つりな）leaves hanging to dry
getrocknetes Blattgemüse

hoshinajiru ほしなじる【干菜汁】
miso soup with dried leaves



kabura hiki 蕪引 (かぶらひき) pulling out turnips
kabura hosu 蕪干す（かぶらほす) to dry turnips



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mugi maki 麦蒔 (むぎまき) sowing wheat
Wheat and Barley (mugi) and related kigo



renkon horu れんこん掘る digging for lotus root 　
and related kigo



soba kari 蕎麦刈 (そばかり)harvesting buckwheat
soba hosu 蕎麦干す（そばほす) drying buckwheat
Buckwheat (soba), Buckwheat flowers Japan


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Kigo for mid-winter


i uu 藺植う ( いうう ) planting rushes
igusa いぐさ【藺草】Juncus decipiens Nakai
igusa is used for many things, especially to make tatami mats.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

and two more

kigo for mid-summer
i no hana 藺の花 (いのはな)

kigo for late summer
i karu 藺刈る (いかる) harvesting rushes
..... ikari, i kari 藺刈（いかり）
i hosu 藺干す（いほす）drying rushes


. 藺草 Igusa plant and its kigo .

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kansho kari 甘蔗刈 (かんしょかり) harvesting sugar cane
... kibi kari 甘蔗刈（きびかり）
sugar cane, satoo kibi 甘蔗 (さとうきび)



. digging for konnyaku roots 蒟蒻掘る (こんにゃくほる) konnyaku horu
and many related kigo


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Kigo for late winter


kangoe 寒肥 (かんごえ)
fertilizing (the fields) in the cold season
... kanpi 寒肥（かんぴ）, kangoyashi 寒ごやし（かんごやし）



kuzu sarashi 葛晒し (くずさらし) bleaching arrowroot
It needs to be washed thoroughly before it can be made to a kind of flour for various dishes.
kudzu arrowroot starch / kuzu-Stärke
Arrowroot flower, Kudzu flower (kuzu no hana)

Dishes with arrowroot


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Kigo for all winter


onshitsu 温室（おんしつ）hothouse, greenhouse
onshoo 温床（おんしょう）hotbed (for seedlings)
fureemu フレーム "frame"



tookoo 冬耕 (とうこう) plowing in winter
... tsuchihiki 土曳き（つちひき）
kyakudo 客土（きゃくど）"fertilizing the soil"
kankoo 寒耕（かんこう) plowing in the cold
rice fields in all seasons




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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

冷腹を暖め了す干菜汁
reifuku o atatameryuusu hoshinajiru

finally it warms
our cold stomachs -
soup with dried vegetable leaves

Takahama Kyoshi 虚子


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寒肥や花の少き枇杷(びは)の木に
kangoe ya hana no sukunaki hiba no ki ni

fertilizing in the cold -
now for the loquat tree
with the few blossoms

Takano Sujuu 高野素十 (1893 - 1976)

Tr. Gabi Greve

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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


. Farmers work in all seasons 　



***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


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Hunting in all seasons

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Hunting in all seasons

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below.
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Hunters living in the large forests of Japan are out in winter to get some food.
Bears, wild boars, deer and fowl. Dogs are used for hunting.
Usually they go in groups and share the food.

The official hunting season is from 15th of November to the 15th of February next year.
In Hokkaido it is from the first of October till 30th of January.





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Kigo for mid-winter

nagashimochi 流黐 (ながしもち) luring waterfowl
mochi nagachi 黐流し（もちながし
Long branches were covered with birdlime to go after ducks and other waterfowl.


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Kigo for all winter

kari 狩 (かり) hunting
ryooki 猟期（りょうき）hunting season
kariba 狩場（かりば）hunting ground

ryoojin 猟人（りょうじん）hunter
... karyuudo 狩人（かりゅうど）
... satsuo 猟夫（さつお）
ryooken 猟犬（りょうけん）hunting dog, hound


ryoojuu 猟銃（りょうじゅう）hunting rifle, shotgun

kemonogari 獣狩（けものがり）hunting wild animals
shishigari 猪狩（ししがり） hunting wild boars, boar-hunting
shikagari 鹿狩（しかがり）deer-hunting

seiko 勢子（せこ）beater
They make a lot of noise to drive the animals toward the hunters.


yokohiki 夜興引（よこひき）(yogohikiよごひき) hunting at night
... yohiki 夜引（よひき)
Usually with dogs to lead the way in a mountain forest on a snowy night.

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itachi wana 鼬罠 (いたちわな) trap for a weasel

weasel, itachi　鼬、イタチ


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kitsune wana 狐罠 (きつねわな) trap for fox hunting
... kitsune otoshi 狐落し（きつねおとし）
kitsune tsuri 狐釣（きつねつり）hunting for foxes


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kumamatsuki 熊突 (くまつき) hunting for bears
... kumagari 熊狩（くまがり）
... kumaryoo 熊猟（くまりょう）
anaguma uchi 穴熊打（あなぐまうち）driving the bear out of his hole

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usagigari 兎狩 (うさぎがり) rabbit-hunting
usagi ami 兎網（うさぎあみ） net for hunting rabbits
usagi wana 兎罠（うさぎわな）trap for hunting rabbits

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takagari 鷹狩 (たかがり) hunting with hawks and falcons falconry
... hooyoo 放鷹（ほうよう）
takano 鷹野（たかの）open field with hawks

takajoo 鷹匠 (たかじょう) keeper, trainer of the falcons and hawks
... takashi 鷹師（たかし）
Falkner, Beizjäger

Hunting with hawks and falcons was a privilege of many lords, who kept their own hawks. Training a falcon was done in spring (see below). There are two ways to train them, one if the animals have only to recognize their own master.
The other to train them to recognize another person, if they were trained for the hunting expeditions of the local lord or daimyo.
Daimyo Falconry is now sometimes shown in Hamarikyu Park in Tokyo.
Hawk (taka　鷹 たか)

. takagari 鷹狩り hunting with hawks and falcons .
The hunting grounds of the Shoguns in Edo

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tanukigari 狸狩（たぬきがり）badger-hunting
tanuki wana 狸罠 (たぬきわな) trap for hunting badgers

. WASHOKU
Tanukijiru 狸汁 (たぬきじる) Badgers' soup 　　


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Hunting in Spring


kigo for all spring

torimochi ajiro 鳥持網代 ( とりもちあじろ)
hunting fish in traps with the help of water fowl
ikariryoo, ikari ryoo いかり漁（いかりょう）

Fishing KIGO in all seasons

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kigo for late spring

naitogari 鳴鳥狩 ないとがり hunting with hawks
falcons and falconry
asa takagari 朝鷹狩（あさたかがり）
asatogari 朝鳥狩（あさとがり）、
oboegari 覚狩（おぼえがり）training the hawk
tomarigari 泊り狩（とまりがり）staying in the mountain (hut for training)
tomariyama, tomari-yama 泊り山（とまりやま）
kikisuedori 聞すえ鳥（ききすえどり）
misuedori 見すえ鳥（みすえどり）
suzuko 鈴子（すずこ） little bell
suzuko sasu taka 鈴子挿す鷹（すずこさすたか）
tsugi ootaka 継尾の鷹（つぎおのたか）
shirao no taka 白尾の鷹（しらおのたか）hawk with a white tail
shirafu no taka 白斑の鷹（しらふのたか）hawk with white spots

Hunting with hawks is done in winter, but the training of the animals starts in spring. They get a bell on one foot and have to learn how to hunt and come back to the master. Often the hawker and his animal stay in a mountain hut for a while together during this time.

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kigo for late spring

ryooki owaru 猟期終る (りょうきおわる)
end of the hunting season
ryoo nagori 猟名残（りょうなごり）after the hunting season
..... nagori no ryoo 名残の猟（なごりのりょう）
juuryoo teishi 銃猟停止（じゅうりょうていし）end of rifles and hunting



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Hunting in Summer

kigo for all summer

tomoshi 照射 (ともし)
(hunting for deer in) torchlight
tomoshi suru 照射する（ともしする）
hogushi 火串（ほぐし）torch for hunting
hogushi furu 火串振る（ほぐしふる）
neraigari ねらい狩（ねらいがり）"aiming and hunting"
kanokogari 鹿の子狩（かのこがり）hunting for young deer

This is a very old way of hunting, already practised in the Heian period. Torches were placed at the end of the forest where deer was known to come out for grazing in the early evening. The hunters with bow and arrow waited for the animals to come out.


.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY - Kigo for Summer 　

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aki no kariba 秋の狩場 (あきのかりば)
hunting ground in autumn


. Hunting in AUTUMN
hatsuryoo 初猟 (はつりょう) first hunting


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Worldwide use

hunting for elk
November in the Pacific Northwest of America

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Things found on the way


Matagi ryoori, matagi ryori マタギ料理, the cuisine of the hunters
sanniku ryoori, san-niku ryori （山肉料理）
"Mountain Meat Cuisine"
. WASHOKU
matagi meshi マタギ飯 bear hunter's rice and other dishes


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kariba, o-kariba お狩場 / お狩り場 the honorable hunting ground of the lord
The Shogun and other daimyo had their own hunting grounds.
WASHOKU : okaribayaki お狩場焼き is food prepared during a hunting session.


There are also deities to protect these areas.
Kariba Gongen 狩場権現, also called
Kariba Myojin (Kariba Myoojin) 狩場明神
CLICK here for PHOTOS !

He is especially venerated at Mount Koya.


高野明神像 ...... 丹生明神像　


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kariginu 狩衣 hunters gear, hunters robes

. hunters robes at Kasuga Taisha shrine .

狩衣の袖の裏道ふ螢かな
kariginu no sode no ura hau hotaru kana

A firefly is moving
inside the light sleeve
of the nobleman's hunting robe
Tr. Merwin/Lento

nobleman's robe ---
inside its sleeve
a firefly crawls
Tr. Ueda

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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HAIKU


夜興引や犬心得て山の路
yokohiki ya inu kokoroete yama no michi

hunting at night ...
the dog knows the mountain paths
very well

Masaoka Shiki 子規


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裏山に出て雪ありぬ兎狩
urayama ni dete yuki arinu usagigari

going out to the back mountain
it is covered with snow -
hunting for rabbits

Noburo 野風呂
Tr. Gabi Greve

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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Winter fishing

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Fishing in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Some fish are best caught in winter, preparations for spring are also made.

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Kigo for early winter



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Kigo for mid-winter




erisu amu えり簀編む (えりすあむ)
weaving a special bamboo mat
(for fishing). The mat is placed between poles in a river or lake in summer, so this work had to be done in winter. There were even some specialists for this work.


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Kigo for late winter


. kangoi tsuri 寒鯉釣（かんごいつり）
fishing for carp in the cold 　
kanbuna tsuri 寒鮒釣（かんぶなつり）fishing for cold crucian carp




kannori 寒乗 (かんのり) working on a fishing boat in the cold season
to bring fresh fish to the cities, fishermen had to work in the Setonaikai and bring the fish to Osaka. Sinse it was often a stormy sea, the work was quite dangerous.


kanzuri 寒釣 (かんづり) fishing in the cold



yatsume unagi toru 八目鰻取る (やつめうなぎとる)
catching lamprey eel
Lampetra japonica
Neunauge

WKD
Yatsume unagi 八目鰻 (やつめうなぎ, 八つ目鰻) lamprey (eel)



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Kigo for all winter


ajiro 網代 (あじろ) wickerwork fishtraps
ajirogi 網代木（あじろぎ）poles for the wickerwork fishtraps
ajiromori 網代守（あじろもり) person looking after the traps, fishtrap watcher
geflochtenes Fischwehr

ajiro uchi 網代打 (あじろうち) preparing wickerwork fishtraps
kigo for late autumn


famous ajirogi from Uji 宇治の網代木

source : www.wao.or.jp


朝ぼらけ 宇治の川霧 たえだえに　
あらはれわたる 瀬々の網代木
asaborake Uji no kawagiri taedae ni
araware wataru seze no ajirogi

when the day breaks,
mist hanging over the Uji River
sowly clears off
one by one they appear
first close ones, then the ones in the distance -
the stakes to support the fishtraps

Gon Chuunagon Sadayori 権中納言定頼
From 百人一首 Hyakunin Isshu poetry collection


arare seba ajiro no hio o nite dasan
. Matsuo Basho and Food .


. ajiro uchi 網代打 (あじろうち) preparing wickerwork fishtraps .
in late autumn

. torimochi ajiro 鳥持網代 ( とりもちあじろ / 鳥持ち網代)
hunting fish in traps with the help of water fowl .
in spring


.................................................................................


. araami, ara-ami あら網（あらあみ）net for Ara fishing 　




buriami, buri-ami 鰤網 (ぶりあみ) net for yellowtail
buribune 鰤船（ぶりぶね）boat for fishing yellowtail
buri tsuru 鰤釣る（ぶりつる）fishing for yellowtail
buriba 鰤場（ぶりば）place for fishing

WKD : yellowtail, the fish and food
Gelbschwanz fischen


.................................................................................



dojoo horu 泥鰌掘る (どじょうほる) digging for loach
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Water is let out of paddies and the ground, where the fish have dug deep to get over winter, is dug up to get the fish.
Loach dishes as food kigo
nach Schmerlen graben



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. fugu tsuri 河豚釣（ふぐつり）fishing for blowfish 　
fugu ami 河豚網（ふぐあみ） net for fishing pufferfish





fushizuke 紫漬 (ふしづけ) old fishing method
Branches of pine and other needle trees are hung into the river like a forest, small lure is put in there and fish, which come here to hide from the cold and feed, are then caught. The fish are then caught in nets. Used in former times around Lake Biwa.


not to mix with

shibazuke しばづけ【柴漬（け）】 vegetables pickles with red shiso perilla leaves
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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. isazaryoo 魦漁（いさざりょう）fishing for isaza
Lake Biwa goby　
isazabune 魦舟（いさざぶね）boat for fishing isaza
isaza ami 魦網（いさざあみ）net for isaza






kajikitsuri, kajiki tsuri かじき釣り（かじきつり）
fishing for kajiki maguro tuna 旗魚





kaki muku 牡蠣剥く (かきむく) opening oysters (peeling)
..... kaki waru 牡蠣割る（かきわる）
kakiwarime 牡蠣割女（かきわりめ）woman who opens oysters

kakibune 牡蠣船 (かきぶね) boat for oyster fishing
kaki ryoori 牡蠣料理（かきりょうり）oyster dishes
... kaki meshi 牡蠣飯（かきめし）rice with oysters
... kakinabe 牡蠣鍋（かきなべ）hodgepodge with oysters


WKD
Oyster (kaki 牡蠣)




komaitsuri, komai tsuri 氷下魚釣り（こまいつり）
fishing for saffron cod
Eleginus gracilis
This is quite popular in Hokkaido. Komai is Ainu lanugage and means "a fish that makes a small sound". a small fish of about 30 cm.
Safrankabeljau


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hokei 捕鯨 (ほげい) whaling, whale hunting
kujira tsuki 鯨突（くじらつき）spearing a whale
isana tori 勇魚取（いさなとり）
kujirabune 鯨舟（くじらぶね）whaler, boat for whaling
..... hokeisen 捕鯨船（ほげいせん）
kujirami 鯨見（くじらみ）outlook for whales
..... kujiraban 鯨番（くじらばん）
ichiban mori 一番銛（いちばんもり）first harpoon
niban mori 二番銛（にばんもり）second harpoon

Whales, kujira (Japan)



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. fishing for tuna, maguro tsuri 鮪釣（まぐろつり） 　
boat for fishing for tuna, magurobune 鮪船（まぐろぶね）
net for tuna, maguro ami 鮪網（まぐろあみ）



. . . . .


tappe 竹瓮 (たっぺ )
ancient tool for fishing in rivers and lakes
Thin stripes of bamboo are woven into a trap, which is filled with bait. After one night in the water, the fish is taken out next morning and the trap filled again.



*****************************
Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way


*****************************
HAIKU


柴漬に古椀ぶくりぶくり哉
fushizuke ya kowan bukuri bukuri kana

Kobayashi Issa 一茶　




柴漬やをねをね晴れて山遠し
fushizuke ya oneone harete yama tooshi

Murakami Kijoo 村上鬼城　


*****************************
Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


. ANIMALS in all SEASONS
SAIJIKI

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Winter vehicles

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Vehicles used in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Some vehicles are for use in winter only. Let us look at them.


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Kigo for late winter



rasserusha ラッセル車 (らっせるしゃ) snowplow; snowplough
(Russel car)
josetsusha 除雪車（じょせつしゃ）, haisetsusha 排雪車（はいせつしゃ）
rootarisha ロータリー車（ろーたりーしゃ）


sunoomobiru スノーモビル snow mobil, snowmobil
..... setsujoosha 雪上車 (せつじょうしゃ)



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Kigo for all winter



sori 橇 (そり) sled, sledge
..... sori 雪橇（そり）雪舟（そり）
Schlitten, Toboggan, steel runner, sleigh

. Sesshuu Tooyoo 雪舟等楊 Sesshu Toyo .
famous painter




hakozori 箱橇（はこぞり）sled like a box
often used to transport children.

nizori 荷橇（にぞり）sled for luggge
kyakuzori 客橇（きゃくぞり）sled for visitors
yuubinzori 、郵便橇（ゆうびんぞり）sled for the postman

. sumizori 炭橇（すみぞり）sled transporting charcoal 　


tezori 手橇（てぞり）handpulled sled

bazori 馬橇（ばそり）sled pulled by a horse
..... umazori 、うまぞり
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

nozo 犬橇（のそ）sled pulled by dogs
..... inuzori いぬぞり

soriyoi 橇酔（そりよい）feel unwell on a sled

sori no yado 、橇の宿（そりのやど）home/house with a sled

sori no suzu 橇の鈴（そりのすず）bell of a sled



hozori 帆橇（ほぞり）sled with a sail
..... hokakezori 帆かけ橇


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sledge kigo for the New Year

. sorinorizome 橇乗初（そりのりぞめ）first sledge ride 　

. hatsuni zori 初荷橇（はつにぞり）first sledge with luggage 　

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sledge kigo for late spring

. sori shimau 橇蔵う (そりしまう) packing away the sledge 　
..... sutezori 捨橇（すてぞり)


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Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way


*****************************
HAIKU



*****************************
Related words

. Winter clothing, fuyumono　冬物　/ fuyugi　冬着 .
Shoes and footwear
Japanese Food to keep you warm


***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


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Warm Things (fuyu mono) in the home

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
. Vehicles used in Winter .
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Things to keep us warm (fuyumono)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

There are many things to keep us warm in winter, most of them are kigo.
Here is a growing list of them.

Please add the kigo of your region !
Click on the hyperlinks for more detailed information in the World Kigo Database.

Gabi Greve


cold winter night -
the welcome warmth of
a small candle



kalte Winternacht -
die willkommene Waerme
einer kleinen Kerze

Gabi Greve, December 2006

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fuyuzashiki 冬座敷 (ふゆざしき) Japanese living room in winter

kantoo 寒燈 (かんとう) lamplight in winter
..... fuyu no hi 冬の燈（ふゆのひ）
..... fuyu tomoshi 冬燈（ふゆともし）


tatami gae 畳替 (たたみがえ) changing the tatami mats



blanket, buranketto　ブランケット
woolen blanket, moofu 毛布
electric blanket, denki moofu　電気毛布
Daruma on a blanket (moofu)


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. Stove ストーブ sutoobu ... and heating
danro, hibachi braziers, handwarmers, firewood and more, KIGO LIST


kanchuu, kan kuriya, kankuriya 寒厨 (かんちゅう)
kitchen in the cold
kigo for late winter



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Japanese Interior Items to keep the body warm

winter sitting room, fuyu zashiki 冬座敷
staying at home, fuyugomori 　冬篭り, 冬篭



portable folding screens, byoobu 屏風
used to keep the cold wind from reaching the body
more info is here:
Read about Byoobu and Tsuitate

screen in hip size, koshi byoobu　腰屏風
screen near the pillow, makura byoobu　枕屏風
e byoobu, e-byoobu 絵屏風 screen with paintings
kin byoobu 金屏風（きんびょうぶ）golden screen
..... kinbyoo 金屏（きんびょう）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
ginbyoobu 銀屏風（ぎんびょうぶ）silcer screen
..... ginbyoo 銀屏（ぎんびょう）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

byoobu uri 屏風売（びょうぶうり）vendor of screens

tsuitate 衝立（ついたて）free-standing screen, Stellschirm
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Sliding doors between the room and the veranda to outside, shooji　障子
fuyu shooji 冬障子（ふゆしょうじ） sliding doors for winter
light doors, akari shooji　明り障子
stand-alone doors, tsuitate shooji　衝立障子
doors from handmade paper, karakami shooji　唐紙障子
doors in hip size, koshi shooji　腰障子
doors for the cat, nekoma shooji　猫間障子
doors for viewing the snow, yukimi shooji　雪見障子
Azuma shooji あずま障子 sliding doors from Azuma (Kanto)

A wooden frame is covered with white washi paper.

秋の夜やしょうじの穴が笛を吹
aki no yo ya shôji no ana ga fue wo fuku

autumn evening--
the hole in the paper door
blows flute

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue



. Hoshina Masayuki 保科 正之
compared to a sliding door in winter .

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Sliding doors between the rooms, fusuma　襖　ふすま
臥す間, literally, a room to lie down, bedroom.
winter doors, fuyu fusuma　冬襖
white sliding doors, shirobusuma 白襖
fusumagami 襖紙（ふすまがみ）washi Japanese paper for fusuma
karakami 唐紙（からかみ）special paper for sliding doors
ebusuma 絵襖（えぶすま）fusuma with paintings
shirobusuma 白襖（しろぶすま）white sliding door
fusumashooji 襖障子（ふすましょうじ）fusuma sliding doors
karakami shooji 唐紙障子（からかみしょうじ）fusuma with karakami paper
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
furubusuma 古襖（ふるぶすま）odl fusuma
Reference : fusuma sliding doors


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warm bedding, futon 布団、蒲団 quilted bedding
kakebuton 掛布団（かけぶとん）futon blanket, coverlet, top quilt
shikibuton 敷蒲団（しきぶとん）futon matress, underquilt
hanebuton 羽蒲団（はねぶとん）futon with down feathers
futon hosu 蒲団干す（ふとんほす）hanging the futon to dry, quilt airing
hoshibuton 干蒲団 (ほしぶとん) matress-drying,, matress airing, quilt-airing

shoulder cover, katabuton 肩蒲団
back cover, senabuton　背蒲団
hip cover, koshibuton 腰蒲団
bed cover with cotton layers, quilt, wataire　綿入


fusuma 衾 (ふすま) a kind of down futon (not to be mixed with the sliding doors) . Daunendecke
... kakebusuma 掛衾（かけぶすま）to cover you
... shikibusuma 敷衾（しきぶすま）to lie on
furubusuma 古衾（ふるぶすま）old futon blanket
kamibusuma 紙衾 (かみぶすま) futon from paper, the inside is padded with cotton. This was used by poor people, using old sliding doors from temples, which were discarded in late autumn.
... Tentokuji 天德寺（てんとくじ）"like in the tempel Tentoku-Ji"




Carpet, carpets, rugs (juutan, dantsuu だんつう【段通／緞通】)
juutan 絨毯 (じゅうたん)
kaapetto カーペット carpet
peechika ペーチカ pechka (Russian, pechika)


　. . . Heating, fusuma, shoji in AUTUMN 　



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Things to do at home in winter


nochi no koromogae 後の更衣 (のちのころもが)
changing cloths for the winter season
kigo for early winter
Cloths are changed in spring and in early winter to prepare for the hot and cold season. The date for winter was the first of october according to the Asian lunar calendar.


keito amu 毛糸編む (けいとあむ) knitting with wool
keito 毛糸（けいと）wool, yarn
keitodama 毛糸玉（けいとだま）ball of wool


harugi nuu 春着縫う (はるぎぬう) preparing spring clothing
kigo for mid-winter



yugetate 湯気立 (ゆげたて) humidifier
..... kashitsuki かしつき【加湿器】
Sometimes medicinal herbs are put in a large water pot and this is placed on a stove.
Nowadays we also have electircal appliances.
Luftbefeuchter


kyuunyuuki 吸入器 (きゅうにゅうき) inhalator


hoshina yu 干菜湯 (ほしなゆ) bath with dried herbs
..... hibayu 干葉湯（ひばゆ）
hoshina buro 干菜風呂（ほしなぶろ）
In former times, the cut-off leaves of daikon radish or turnips were dried and put into the bathwater. It is said to help when the body feels cool (hieshoo) and for old people.



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Winter clothing, fuyumono　冬物　・fuyugi　冬着

sweater, seetaa セーター
cardigan, kaadigan　カーヂガン
jumper, janpaa　ジャンパー
vest, besuto ベスト
kooto コート coat
... Azuma kooto 東コート（あずまこーと）coat from Edo (Azuma region)
... Naniwa kooto 浪華コート（なにわこーと）coat from Osaka (Naniwa)
overcoat, oobakooto　オーバコート, ooba オーバー
..... gaitoo　外套
..... nijuu mawashi 二重回し (にじゅうまわし) . . . CLICK here for Photos !
..... mawashi 回し（まわし）、tonbi とんび、inverness インバネス、manto マント、tsurigane manto 釣鐘マント（つりがねまんと）"overcoat like a hanging temple bell
..... hifu 被布 (ひふ) padded overcoat worn by small children and women . . . CLICK here for Photos !
anorack, anorakku　アノラック
jakettsu ジャケツ jacket ジャケット


kegawa 毛皮 (けがわ) fur-lined overcoat
kegawa uri 毛皮売（けがわうり）vendor of fur coats
kegawa ten 毛皮店（けがわてん）shop selling fur coats
..... kegoromo 毛衣 (けごろも) clothing from fur
... kawagoromo 皮衣（かわごろも）clothing from leather
... kawagoromo 裘（かわごろも）, kawaginu かわぎぬ
kokyuu 狐裘（こきゅう）coat from fox fur



winter hat, fuyu booshi　冬帽子
fuyuboo 冬帽（ふゆぼう）winter hat
woolen hat, kebooshi　毛帽子
snow hat, yuki booshi　雪帽子

zukin 頭巾 (ずきん) hood
..... maruzukin 丸頭巾（まるずきん）round hood
..... hoorokuzuki 焙烙頭巾（ほうろくずきん）flat round hood
. nagezukin 投頭巾 headgear for winter rituals .
. okoso zukin 御高祖頭巾 hood for winter .

WKD : hooroku 焙烙 earthen pans and how to put them on the head of Jizo
Daikokuzukin, Daikoku zukin 大黒頭巾（だいこくずきん）hood like the god of good luck, Daikoku 大黒天
kakuzukin 角頭巾（かくずきん）square hood
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Okosozukin 御髙祖頭巾（おこそずきん / 御高祖頭巾）hood made from a long shawl, like St. Nichiren used to wear.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

bookan boo 防寒帽 (ぼうかんぼう) hat against the cold
kebooshi 毛帽子（けぼうし）fur hat
yukibooshi 雪帽子（ゆきぼうし）snow hat


minobooshi 蓑帽子（みのぼうし）long straw winter hat

hookaburi 頬被 (ほおかぶり) cover head and cheeks with a towel or shawl
..... hookamuri 頬かむり（ほおかむり）

mimibukuro, mimi fukuro 耳袋 みみぶくろ ear warmer


masuku マスク mask (to protect your nose and mouth)


gloves, mittens, tebukuro　手袋
..... shutoo 手套（しゅとう）mittens
leather gloves, kawa tebukuro　皮手袋




tabi 足袋 (たび) tabi socks
tabi arau 足袋洗う（たびあらう）to wash the tabi socks
tabi hosu 足袋干す（たびほす）to dry the tabi socks



shawl, shooru　ショール
muffler, mafuraa　マフラー
shoulder shawl, katakake　肩掛
stola, sutooru　ストール
erimaki 襟巻 (えりまき) shawl
..... kubimaki 首巻（くびまき）


fuyu shaatsu 冬シャツ (ふゆしゃつ) winter underwear, winter shirt
... keshaatsu 毛シャツ（けしゃつ）woolen winter underwear
... doogi 胴着 (どうぎ) padded, sleeveless undergarment

momohiki 股引 (ももひき) long underpants "riding on your thighs"
..... patchi ぱっち / パッチ
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



more Traditional Japanese Wear

fuyufuku 冬服 (ふゆふく) winter cloths
... fuyu no fuku 冬の服（ふゆのふく）
... fuyugi 冬着 (ふゆぎ)
... fuyugoromo 冬衣（ふゆごろも）
... fuyumono 冬物（ふゆもの）
Winterkleidung


Bedtime quilt (yogi) 夜着　よぎ
..... kaimaki, 掻巻（かいまき）, quilt, fusuma 衾, sleeved futon


square shoulder shawl, kakumaki 角巻
. kakumaki ningyoo 角巻き人形 dolls with a square scarf .



half coat, hanten 　はんてん　半纏
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
tanzen たんぜん　丹前 longer coat
... dotera 褞袍 (どてら)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

A special back warmer from Tohoku is like a padded rucksack, without any sleaves.
It is said to keep the housewifes warm while leaving the arms free for the housework.

neko hanten ねこ半纏 backwarmer


fuyubaori, fuyu haori 冬羽織 (ふゆばおり)
haori coat for winter
... awasebaori 袷羽織（あわせばおり）
... wata-irebaori 綿入羽織（わたいればおり）with cotton padding
... chabaori 茶羽織（ちゃばおり）"tea haori coat" for ladies

. kawabaori 皮羽織 leather haori coat .
... kawabaori 革羽織（かわばおり）



yukigappa (yuki kappa) 雪合羽 (ゆきがっぱ) snow jacket
..... yukimino 雪蓑（ゆきみの）snow jacket made from straw
yukibakama (yuki hakama) 雪袴 (ゆきばかま) hakama trousers for snow


atsushi 厚司 (あつし) warm winter garment, made from blankets by the Ainu in Hokkaido
..... atsushi 厚子（あつし）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


vest, chanchanko　ちゃんちゃんこ
..... sodenashi 袖無（そでなし）"without sleeves"

Especially used by old people and small children in the Edo period and later. In the Northern parts of Japan, everyone used it. Because it has no sleeves, you can easily do your daily chores with it, outside and inside the usually cold farm houses.



monpe もんぺ cotton trousers . Mompe.
..... moppe もっぺ
Often blue with fine patterns, still used by farm wifes nowadays. In winter they are quilted.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



night coat, yogi 夜着 よぎ
..... kaimaki, 掻巻（かいまき）, quilt, fusuma 衾
　..... short night coat, koyogi 小夜着


Paper clothing, paper robes (kamiko) 紙衣 (かみこ) 紙子（かみこ）


wata 綿 (わた) cotton (garment)
wata-ire 綿入 (わたいれ) (garment with) cotton padding
MORE
Cotton-padded garments to keep you warm


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Shoes and footwear


yukigutsu (yuki kutsu) 雪沓 (ゆきぐつ)
(traditional) snow shoes



waragutsu 藁沓（わらぐつ）straw shoes for winter
..... fukagutsu 深沓（ふかぐつ）
..... tsumago 爪籠（つまご）

tsunanuki 綱貫 (つなぬき) special snow shoes
made from cow leather, with iron spikes on the bottom.



kanjiki 樏 (かんじき) special bamboo contraptions to walk in the snow (snow-shoes)
wakanjiki 輪樏（わかんじき）round kanjiki
kane kanjiki 金樏（かねかんじき）kanjiki made from metal
ita kanjiki 板樏（いたかんじき）kanjiki with wooden plates
They are used by the bear hunters (matagi) in winter to walk through the forest.


yukigeta 雪下駄 (ゆきげた) snow geta sandals
bookan zoori 防寒草履（ぼうかんぞうり）cold-proof sandals
With a special warm cover for the toes.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


yukifumi 雪踏 (ゆきふみ)"stepping on snow"
special winter sandals
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



fumidawara 踏俵（ふみだわら）special boots to make a way for walking in snowy counry.
They look like tawara, bundles for rice
kigo for late winter



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Japanese Food to keep you warm

The most important is the hodgepodge, nabe　鍋　なべもの that comes in many varieties.
wild boar stew, shishinabe 猪鍋
..... "peony stew" botan nabe 牡丹鍋
mixed stew, yosenabe　寄せ鍋、寄鍋
mixed seafood pot, ishikari nabe 石狩鍋

hot reddish in broth, furofuki 風呂吹き

Hot steamed rice, fukashimeshi　蒸飯



hot soup, shiru, xxx jiru　汁

soup eaten in the dark with candlelight, shared with good friends. Sometimes they had to guess the kind and number of ingredients in the dark.
..... yamijiru 闇汁

roots soup, kaburajiru　蕪汁　かぶらじる
blowfish soup, fugujiru　河豚汁
..... Blowfish, globe fish (fugu)
vegetable and tofu soup, kenchinjiru　けんちんじる

tofu in boiling water, yudoofu 湯豆腐
..... yuyakko 湯奴



Oden hodgepodge stew





WINTER FOOD ... ... The WASHOKU Saijiki


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Hot Drinks, our main Kigo List

hot rice wine, atsukan　熱燗, kanzake　燗酒
..... Ricewine, rice wine (sake, saké, saki, Japan)


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Worldwide use

tropical regions

sweat tops, sweaters
kigo for the wet seasons


. Gloves in Kenya 　



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Things found on the way

Food of Japan, by Naomichi Ishige

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HAIKU

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

襟巻の浅黄にのこる寒さかな
erimaki no asagi ni nokoru samusa kana

lingering
in the light blue of the scarf
winter's cold

This captures the chill of an early spring day through the color of the woman's scarf. It makes one wonder if the color is not indicative of the woman's age, looks, and even character.
Tr. and comment - Makoto Ueda

Erimaki long and wide mufflers were often worn by ill people and the elderly.



nokoru samusa is a kigo for early spring.


. asagi あさぎ - 浅黄 - 浅葱
hues of light yellow, green and blue .

. ajisai ya katabira doki no usu-asagi .
Basho


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毛糸編はじまり妻の黙はじまる
keito ami hajimari tsuma no moda hajimaru

wool knitting starts
the silence of my wife starts

Kato Shuson, 加藤楸邨 Katoo Shuuson


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how cool the mug
before the coffee
is poured -

Paul MacNeil
HSA Bernard Lionel Einbond Renku Collection 2005


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毛皮着て逢えない筈の人と逢う　　
kegawa kite aenai hazu no hito to au

I wear a fur coat -
I meet a person not ment
to meet

Matsumoto Kyooko 松本恭子 (1958 - )


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I am almost glued
to my warm futon ...
icy morning

Gabi Greve, January 15, 2009


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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season

***** Autumn Food ... ... KIGO list


***** Sweets from Japan (wagashi) 和菓子歳時記
The Japanese Sweets Saijiki


***** Washoku, Winter Food from Japan


Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo

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