Showing posts with label Winter. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Winter. Show all posts

8/30/2009

Winter preparations outside

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Winter preparations outside

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

A lot of preparations have to be done for winter.
The house has to be made warm and cosy. Protection from snow and cold is very important in Northern Japan, where the snow reaches many meters and has to be dealt with properly.



. Winter
heating, blankets, warm clothing, snow shoes and more
 


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Early Winter

fuyugamae 冬構 (ふゆがまえ)winter preparations


kazeyoke 風除 かざよけ wind guards
kazegaki 風垣(かざがき) wind-protecting hedges
kazegakoi 風囲(かざがこい)
Some houses in Northern Japan have very high hedges (防風垣) on three sides around the house.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



kitamado fusagu 北窓塞ぐ (きたまどふさぐ) closing the north window and more about windows


mebari 目貼 (めばり) sealing the windows
sukimabari 隙間張(すきまばり)sealing the small apertures (where the cold wind might come in)
Japanese wooden houses are full of small slits around the sliding windows and sliding doors. In winter they are all sealed quite carefully with strong paper.



shimoyoke 霜除 (しもよけ) frost protection
shimo ooi 霜覆(しもおおい)shimogakoi霜囲(しもがこい)
Many homes have extra wooden protections against snow and cold. The north walls and windows are sealed tightly.



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Mid-Winter

haka kakou 墓囲う (はかかこう) protecting the graves with an enclosure


yabumaki 藪巻 (やぶまき) putting straw mats around bamboo and underbrush to prevent it from breaking under heavy snow
..... komomaki 菰巻(こもまき)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


yukigakoi 雪囲 (ゆきがこい) snow protection
..... yukiyoke 雪除(ゆきよけ)protective fence against snow
yukigaki 雪垣(ゆきがき)snow-protecting hedge

CLICK for more photos
yukigomo 雪菰(ゆきごも)snow protection for flowers

MORE
SNOW-related kigo about human activities in winter

shoveling snow, yukikaki 雪掻 (ゆきかき) and many more


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Late Winter


CLICK for more protectiongangi 雁木 (がんぎ ) wooden snow protection roof along the road
gangi ichi 雁木市(がんぎいち)
market selling wood for the gangi
In the parts of Japan with heavy snowfall, the roadsides were protected by long roofs, which were supported by strong wooden pillars to carry the heavy load of snow. They form a place where people can walk safely during winter time.


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sugamori すが洩り (すがもり) leeking of melting icewater
... suga more すが漏(すがもれ)
suga is dialect of Northern Japan. Snow and ice around the home begin to melt and leek throught the apertures in the roof or windows or below doors.

国分寺すが洩り跡の堂の壁
kokubunji sugamori ato no doo no kabe

Temple Kokubunji -
the walls of the hall show remains

of leeking meltwater

Himori Mume 日守むめ


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All Winter


fuyugomori 冬篭り winter confinement, winter isolation


fuyu yakata 冬館 (ふゆやかた) large home in winter
usually a home in Western style.



CLICK for more photos
Wind-cutting sickle at the temple Horyu-Ji 法隆寺
kazakirigama 風切鎌 (かざきりがま) "wind-cutting sickle"
A sickle is put up on a long pole or on the roof to "cut the strong north wind" and protect the home.



sukimakaze 隙間風(すきまかぜ) wind through the small apertures of a building
..... himamoru kaze ひま洩る風 (ひまもるかぜ)



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU





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Related words

Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and Winter Kigo


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5/29/2008

Paper robes (kamiko)

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Paper robes (kamiko)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All winter
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

paper robe, kamiko 紙衣 (かみこ) 紙子(かみこ)
Japanese Paper Clothing, paper coat, paper vest
CLICK for more photos

..... kamiginu 紙ぎぬ(かみぎぬ)

white paper robe, shirokamiko 白紙子(しろかみこ)
simple paper robe, sugamiko 素紙子(すがみこ)


vendor of paper robes, kamiko uri 紙子売(かみこうり)

CLICK for Japanese LINK


Learn the basics about
WKD : Japanese Paper, washi 和紙


The kozo paper is treated with persimmon tannin and, after drying, it is crumpled thoroughly, and then smoothed and tailored into wearable apparel.
© A Handbook on the Art of Washi:

The tannin would color the paper slightly reddish-brown and keep it impregnated against water for a while.

CLICK for more photos
Paper war vest (jinbaori 陣羽織) with tannin impregnation

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Two kamiko haiku by Matsuo Basho

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

Dresses made of paper, kamiko 紙子,紙衣

Paper clothing was used by poor peasants to keep warm in winter.

Matsuo Basho might have used one of these warm robes from Shiroishi.
CLICK for more photos. Shiraishi paper



かげろうふの我肩に立かみこかな
かげろふの我が肩に立つ紙子かな
kageroo no waga kata ni tatsu kamiko kana

Second year of Genroku, Second Month, at Toozan's lodging
Oku no Hosomichi

heat waves
shimmering from the shoulders
of my paper robe

tr. Barnhill


heat waves shimmer
on the shoulders of my
paper robe

tr. Ueda

Written on the 7th day of the 2nd lunar month, 元禄2年2月7日 at a lodging with とう山 Tozan, a haikai friend of Boku-in 木因 from Ogaki, Sora and others.
One hokku of the collection 七吟歌仙, written at the lodging.

kamiko was a robe to keep Basho warm on the trip, but then he realized it was already warm and heat shimmers were around, so he could take it off and enjoy some warmth.

. Dresses made of paper, kamiko 紙子 - 紙衣 .

Preparing his trip "Oku no Hosomichi"
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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With more photos :
source : fukushoku

矯めつけて雪見にまかる紙子哉 
tametsukete yuki mi ni makaru kamiko kana

I will fold it properly
and wear it for snow-viewing -
this paper robe


Basho was not carrying much luggage and had to make do with his old paper robe.
All he could do is fold it again to show the proper pleads.
This is a rare glimpse of the man Basho, worrying about his proper outfit for a haikai meeting.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Ok no Kobumi .


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CLICK for more photos !
In Osaka Kabuki, the main actor wears a robe made of paper, kamiko 紙衣. This does not flow naturally around the body and the actor has to make extra efforts to show a natural pose.
Kabuki and Haiku

GOOGLE : kamiko paper japan kimono

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kigo for all winter

kamisuki, kami suki 紙漉 かみすき
papermaking, making paper (by hand)
kansuki 寒漉(かんすき)making paper in the cold
kamihoshiba 紙干場(かみほしば)place to dry paper
kamisukime, kamisuki me 紙漉女(かみすきめ)woman who makes paper

koozo sarasu 楮晒す(こうぞさらす)washing the paper mulberry fibers
koozo musu 楮蒸す(こうぞむす)steaming the paper mulberry fibers

mitsumata musu 三椏蒸す(みつまたむす) steaming tridend daphne fibers

Papierschöpfen von Hand

WKD : Trident Daphne, Mitsumata 三叉、三椏
used for making paper


. Tororo Aoi 黄蜀葵 and glue 寒糊 made from it in winter  
Abelmoschus manihot
More paper-related kigo


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


- - - - - Kobayashi Issa - - - - -

似合しや女坂下る紙衣達
niawashi ya onnazaka oriru kamikotachi

well matched!
stylish paper coats
go down the gentler slope

Tr. Chris Drake

This wryly humorous winter hokku was written in the 10th month (November) of 1813, the year Issa returned for good to his hometown. In Issa's time there were two basic types of paper clothing for commoners: utilitarian winter outer robes and coats (mainly for people who couldn't afford expensive thick cloth robes) and fashionable decorated paper coats or cloaks (haori) worn not only for warmth but for display. Paper might seem to be a weak and fragile material, but these paper coats and robes were made from thick, fiber-dense washi paper and coated numerous times with a varnish made of persimmon tannin to make them windproof and waterproof, so they were quite popular in Issa's age.

In this hokku Issa displays his love of personification by writing directly about paper cloaks, not the people wearing them, as if the cloaks were alive and were the most important thing about the wearer. I think he does this to indicate that the wearers are infatuated with the elegant coats they wear and are interested above all in showing them to other people -- at the moment the wearers may almost feel as if they were their clothes. This is interesting, because the coats walk down a "female" slope, that is, the longer, gentler slope path from a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple (or both, since they were often built side by side) at the top of a hill or low mountain. The "male" slope is the shorter route, usually consisting of a long flight of stone steps going straight up the side of the hill. These paired terms are not directly related to the gender of the pilgrims visiting the shrine or temple, so the people in paper coats could be either male or female.

Issa says that the paper coats are well-matched, and by this he seems to mean at least four things: 1) the paper coats make their wearers look more attractive, 2) the wearers seem to have chosen the coats because they think it's important to look attractive, 3) the various coats go well together in a group, and 4) the coats are well matched with the path down the gentler slope. I think the fourth meaning may be Issa's main focus in this hokku. Dedicated pilgrims in traditional white pilgrims' robes or in ordinary commoner clothing probably tend to use the shorter and more direct route both going to and coming from the shrine or temple, or at least to use the shorter route when returning downhill, but the wearers of the paper coats use the gentler, easier path even when going downhill. This easygoing attitude seems to indicate they are mainly interested in showing themselves to others and in sightseeing -- especially in viewing the clothes of other visitors to the temple -- rather than in worshiping, praying, or meditating. The personification of the paper coats may be an accurate, shasei-based evocation of the religious atmosphere surrounding many of the visitors to the shrine or temple.

In addition to commenting on varieties of religious behavior, Issa, who linked True Pure Land Buddhism and haikai fairly closely, may also be indirectly referring to differing approaches to haikai. In his time it was common for professional haikai masters in Edo and other cities to wear stylish paper coats in winter, often covered with outstanding calligraphy or famous haikai verses or waka, both for esthetic reasons and to proudly display their status as haikai masters. Issa was not of this persuasion, and in 1816 he humorously wrote:

yo wa shimai kamiko niau to hayasaruru

the end of the world --
they say I'd look good
in a master's paper coat!


Issa's admiring students in his hometown area seem to have told him a stylish paper coat would perfectly match his status as a famous haikai poet, but this kind of praise seems ineffective.


source : kimonohistory.fuyuya.com

This is a picture of a commoner in a stylish paper cloak with calligraphy on it and with cloth around the edges.

Chris Drake


. onna-zaka, onnazaka 女坂 women's slope.

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

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- - - - - Yosa Buson - - - - -

hanken no shayoo kamiko no sode no nishiki kana

the setting sunlight
on the paper kimono sleeve -
brocade!

Tr. Stephen Addiss



めし粒で紙子の破れふたぎけり
meshitsubu de kamiko no yabure futagikeri

with a grain of cooked rice
I fill the tear
in my paper robe . . .





source : www.rakanneko.jp

老を山へ捨し世も有に紙子哉 - obasuteyama 姨捨伝説
o o yama e suteshi yo mo aru ni kamiko kana



此冬や帋衣(かみこ)着ようとおもひけり
koko fuyu ya kamiko kiyoo to omoikeri


宿老の紙子の肩や朱陳村 - Chinese village of long life
(朱陳村=江蘇省の山奥にある世間と断絶した風俗純朴な長寿村)


實盛か紙子は夜のにしきかな - Sanemori



かづらきの紙子脱ばや明の春 
Katsuraki no kamiko nugabaya ake no haru - Mount Katsuragi

with a wish to take off
this Katsuraki paper robe
my New Year begins  

Tr. Ueda

source : books.google.co.jp


if I could only take off
the Katsuragi god's paper robe
dawn of spring  

Tr. Crowley


. Katsuragi 葛城 deity Hitokotonushi .   
みじか夜や葛城山の朝曇り

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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皺足と同じ色なる紙衣哉
shiwa ashi to onaji iro naru kamiko kana

now the same color
as my wrinkled feet...
paper robe


Kobayashi Issa
Tr. David Lanoue



becoming the same color
as wrinkled feet ...
this paper robe

Tr. Gabi Greve


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Related words

***** Warm Things to keep you warm in Winter in Japan

***** Kimono, Traditional Japanese Robes

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Lawn (shiba)

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Lawn (shiba)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant . Humanity


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Explanation

Lawn, grass, turf ... many ways to translate
SHIBA, SHIBAFU, 芝、芝生。

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. . . . . SPRING

early spring

burning the turf, burning the grass, shiba yaku 芝焼く
shiba yaki 芝焼
"grass fire", shiba hi, 芝火


The old grass on lawns, dikes and mountain fields is burned down and used as fertilizer. It is a kind of festival in many public parks.

see also
burning the withered fields, noyaku 野焼く(のやく)




late spring

"young lawn", wakashiba 若芝 (わかしば)
lawn in spring, haru no shiba 春の芝(はるのしば)
sprouting lawn, shiba moyuru 芝萌ゆる(しばもゆる)
lawn buds, shiba no me 芝の芽(しばのめ)
lawn getting green, shiba aomu 芝青む(しばあおむ)


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. . . . . SUMMER

cutting the lawn, shibakari 芝刈 (しばかり)
lawn mower, shibakariki 芝刈機(しばかりき)


aoshiba 青芝 (あおしば) green lawn
natsu shiba, natsushiba 夏芝(なつしば) lawn in summer


Watering the lawn or garden
kigo in Canada


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early summer

"Lawn Cutting Ceremony", shibakiri shinji
芝切神事(しばきりしんじ)
also called

Kamo Mikage Matsuri 賀茂御蔭祭 (かもみかげまつり)
"honorable shadow festival" mikage matsuri
御蔭祭(みかげまつり)
mi-aregi 御生木(みあれぎ)

CLICK for more photos

quote
Miare shinji, Mikage matsuri

A divine manifestation rite and Mi-kage Festival. A festival of both Kamowakeikazuchi Shrine (Kamowakeikazuchi jinja) (Upper Kamo) and Kamomioya Shrine (Kamomioya jinja) (Lower Kamo) in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
On May 15 there is a procession. It is called the Hollyhock Festival (Aoi matsuri葵祭り) because the worshippers decorate everything from the oxen and horses to their flower caps with hollyhocks and katsura.

Before the festival there is a "Miare Rite" at Kamowakeikazuchi Shrine. At the manifestation place, trees for the divine possession are raised within a himorogi and enclosed with a hedge of fresh brushwood. In front of the stand is white sand is piled up into two cone-shaped heaps. The Rite is conducted by five shrine officials (shinshoku) in front of the himorogi on the night of the twelfth. The lights are extinguished and offerings are made. After this, the miare (temporary manifestation of the deity) begins.

The shrine officials chew the "Honorable Aides for Grasping (tsukami no goryō)." The deities mentioned in the secret songs that are silently intoned possess the five sakaki trees and are carried to the Inner Hall (honden) where they are installed. Also on this day at Kamomioya Shrine in Lower Kamo, the kami are greeted by a procession of sacred horses (shinme) that have gone as far as Mt. Mikage at the base of Mt. Hiei, in a ceremony called the Mikage Matsuri. The deities in their temporary manifestation are placed on the backs of the horses and brought to the main shrine.

The Hollyhock Festival is divided into three parts: the imperial palace rites, the street rites (the procession), and the shrine rites. The famous grand procession leaves the Kyoto Imperial Palace in the morning at goes to Kamomioya Shrine. After the shrine rites, it arrives at Kamowakeikazuchi Shrine. It returns to the palace in the evening.

There is an annual festival called the Hollyhock Festival on April 24 at Kono Shrine in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture. Called a sword-waving rite, swords three shaku long (about three feet) are hidden inside poles four shaku long. Tassels of paper are attached to both ends and the performers wave these about their back and hips. A hayashi song called sasa-bayashi is included. The livestock market during the Hollyhock Festival is called the Hollyhock cow market.
© Mogi Sakae - Kokugakuin University.

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Participants wear traditional attire decorated with Aoi-Katsura (葵桂, bouquet of Aoi leaves and Katsura tree branches)

Mikage Matsuri - Kirishiba Shinji Ritual (御蔭祭切芝神事)

CLICK for many more photos :
- Shared by Taisaku Nogi - Facebook -
Joys of Japan, 2012




. WKD : The White Horse of Shimogamo Shrine .


. WKD : Aoi matsuri 葵祭 Aoi festival


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. . . . . WINTER

withered lawn, kareshiba, kare shiba 枯芝 (かれしば)
shiba karu 芝枯る(しばかる)




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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


умолкла косилка --
в тёплом воздухе
сладкий запах травы

a mower stopped --
sweet scent of the grass
in the warm air


Larisa Zvyagina, Germany


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trampled grass
somewhere hidden
a bird's nest

Ella Wagemakers
Kigo Hotline


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Related words

***** CANADA Saijiki


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3/23/2008

Will-o'-the-wisp (kitsunebi)

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. kitsunebi 狐火と伝説 "fox fire" legends .
. onibi 鬼火 "demon fire", "devil's fire" .
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Will-o'-the-wisp (kitsunebi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Winter
***** Category: Earth


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Explanation

"fox fire", kitsunebi 狐火 (きつねび)
"fox lantern", kitsune no choochin
狐の提燈(きつねのちょうちん)
"devil's fire", onibi 鬼火 (おにび)


CLICK for english reference CLICK for more Japanese reference


. janjanbi じゃんじゃん火 / ジャンジャン火 Janjan fire .
- Legends from Nara

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”a mysterious light associated with spirits,
found in various folklore tales”

The will-o'-the-wisp, sometimes will-o'-wisp or ignis fatuus (modern Latin, from ignis ("fire") + fatuus ("foolish"), plural ignes fatui) refers to the ghostly lights sometimes seen at night or twilight — often over bogs. It looks like a flickering lamp, and is sometimes said to recede if approached. Much folklore surrounds the legend, but science has offered several potential explanations.

One Asian theologist ponders the relation of will-o'-the-wisp to that of the foxfire produced by kitsune, an interesting way of combining mythology of the West with that of the East.

In addition to Kitsunebi (aka Foxfire) described above, additional similar phenomena are described in Japanese folklore, including Hitodama (literally "Human ball" as in ball of energy), Hi no Tama (Ball of Flame), Aburagae, Koemonbi, Ushionibi, etc. All these phenomena are described as balls of flame or light, at times associated with graveyards, but occurring across Japan as a whole in a wide variety of situations and locations. These phenomena are described in Shigeru Mizuki's 1985 book Graphic World of Japanese Phantoms (妖怪伝 in Japanese)。
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Kitsunebi / more reference


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


. Ooji no kitsunebi 王子の狐火 (おうじのきつねび)
day of the fox deity at Oji Inari Shrine .

kigo for late winter
and more about
Ooji Inari Jinja 王子稲荷神社 Oji Inari Fox Shrine

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. Tosa no kechibi 土佐の鬼火
"Demon fire" from Tosa / Kochi .



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HAIKU


狐火や髑髏(どくろ)に雨のたまる夜に
kitsunebi ya dokuro ni ame no tamaru yo ni

fox fire -
on the night when the skull
gathers rain


Buson 蕪村
Tr. Gabi Greve


ONIBI ... click for more !

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狐火や利休鼠の雨が降る

kitsunebi ya Rikyu ne no ame ga furu

fox fire -
the rain falls so gray,
Rikyu gray
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Gendai Haiku Kyokai
http://www.gendaihaiku.gr.jp/haikukai/result/08_touku.htm

Grey, Gray (hai-iro, hyaku nezu) and haiku

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Related words

***** Fox (kitsune) Japan...
including Fox God Shrine Festival (Inari Matsuri)

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plant kigo for early summer



kitsune no choochin 狐の提燈 "fox lantern plant"
Chinese Fairy Bells
..... hoochakusoo 宝鐸草(ほうちゃくそう)"temple chime plant"
Disporum sessile




hoochaku 宝鐸 temple chime

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. kitsunebi 狐火と伝説 "fox fire" legends .
collecting

. onibi 鬼火 "demon fire", "devil's fire" .

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- #kitsunebi #onibi -
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2/27/2008

Illness in all seasons

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Common Cold (kaze)

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: All winter, others see below
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

CLICK for more photos

common cold, kaze 風邪 (かぜ)
fuuja ふうじゃ、kanboo 感冒(かんぼう)
"feeling of running" ryuukan 流感(りゅうかん)

feeling a cold, kaze ge 風邪気(かざけ)
..... kaze gokochi 風邪心地(かぜごこち)
voice with a cold, hoarse, nasal voice, kazegoe
風邪声(かざごえ)
"nose cold", hanakaze鼻風邪(はなかぜ)

cold medicine, kazegusuri 風邪薬(かぜぐすり)


god of the cold, kaze no kami 風邪の神(かぜのかみ)
god of coughing, sekigamisama 咳神様


© PHOTO : yumi , sekigamisama



Here is another private shrine in the garden of the Ikeda Jirokichi Family. They pray for healing when someone gets a cold and offer a rice scoop (shamoji しゃもじ) when he gets better and pray for the wellbeing of the family. This shrine is also called "Rice scoop deity", O-Shamoji sama, オシャモジ様.


池田次郎吉
© PHOTO : Hayabuchi

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seki 咳 (せき) cough, coughing
... shiwabuki しわぶき( 咳き)

kusame 嚔 (くさめ) sneezing
... kushami くしゃみ、kussame くっさめ
hanahiri 鼻ひり(はなひり)nose feels like sneezing

mizubana 水洟 みずばな running nose, sniveling
... hanamizu 三冬 洟水(はなみず)
mizuppana みずっぱな


yuzame 湯ざめ (ゆざめ) feeling cold after a hot bath


infuruenza インフルエンザ influenza


秋来ぬと合点させたるくさめかな
aki kinu to gatten sasetaru kusame kana
(1768)

autumn has come
I am convinced now
by this sneeze . . .


The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



はしたなき女嬬のくさめや時鳥
hashitanaki nyoju no kusame ya hototogisu

the vulgar sneezing
of a junior court lady -
hototogisu



. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .



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Acute viral nasopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses or coronaviruses.

Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and cough; sometimes accompanied by 'pink eye', muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and/or loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to 14 days.

Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children. Although the disease is generally mild and self-limiting, patients with common colds often seek professional medical help, use over-the-counter drugs, and may miss school or work days. The annual cumulative societal cost of the common cold in developed countries is considerable in terms of money spent on remedies, and hours of work lost.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way



けさ秋や瘧の落ちたやうな空
kesa aki ya okori no ochita yoo na sora

first autumn morning--
a fever-curing
kind of sky

Kobayashi Issa

Shinji Ogawa believes that ochita ("dropped") means, in this context, "cured." On the first morning of autumn, Issa sees a fever-curing kind of sky. The editors of Issa zenshu^ note that okori is the mosquito-borne disease of malaria (Nagano: Shinano Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1976-79) 4.62, which supports Shinji's interpretation: the chilly autumn weather will put an end to summer's disease-spreading mosquitoes. French translator Jean Cholley notes that after Issa's fever broke, he had a dream in which he saw his dead daughter Sato; 245-46, note 124.
Tr. and Comment : David Lanoue  


okori 瘧 the ague, intermittent fever, the shakes

okori ga ochiru 瘧が落ちる
to wake from a fever-induced delirium



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HAIKU


a long winter day;
my wife interrupts herself,
sneezing now and then

Larry Bole, February 2008


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くさめして百羽の鳩を翔たしむる
kusameshite hyappa no hato o katashimuru

I sneeze and
one hundred doves
fly up in the air


Sakaino Noriko 境野 典子
Tr. Gabi Greve


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くさめして鬼に見つかるかくれんぼ
kusame shite oni ni mitsukaru kakurenbo

I have to sneeze
and get caught ...
playing hide and seek

Yura Yumi 涌羅由美, 2005
Tr. Gabi Greve


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swine flu season in Kenya 2009


my brother
struggling to breathe --
swine flu

~ Harrison Mwangangi



cold afternoon --
the rhythm of sneezing
in our classroom

~ Jedidah Nduku



a sneezing student
wipes mucus with her hand --
quiet exam room

~ Stephen Macharia


sneezing aloud --
mucus drips into
my handkerchief

~ Elkana Mogaka


stinking handkerchief --
a student's nostril flooded
with mucus

~ Stephen Nzomo


chilly morning --
mucus flowing from
my sore nose

~ Kilunda


aromatic liniment --
my aunt dabs at her
swollen tonsils

~ Beryl Achieng


my grandmother
with a soaked handkerchief --
peeling nostrils

~ Vivian Adhiambo


my mother washing
a slippery handkerchief --
sniffs from a running nose

~ Erick Mwange


a drop of mucus
on my exam papers --
cold morning

~ Patrick Wafula

Selection of the Shiku Monthly Kukai
by members of the Kenya Saijiki Forum


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Related words

Illness and disease as kigo in Spring

haru no kaze 春の風邪 (はるのかぜ) common cold in spring
gangasa iyu 雁瘡癒ゆ (がんがさいゆ) "goose ekzema" itching
dry skin itching

mashin 麻疹 (ましん) measles. Masern
..... kashin はしか


late spring

shutoo 種痘 しゅとう smallpox
..... ueboosoo 植疱瘡(うえぼうそう)


. Daruma, Smallpox and the color Red


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humanity kigo for all summer


natsu no kaze 夏の風邪 なつのかぜ cold in summer
..... natsukaze 夏風邪(なつかぜ) summer cold


shokiatari, shoki-atari 暑気中り (しょきあたり) heat stroke
..... shokimake 暑さ負け(あつさまけ)
atsusa atari 暑さあたり(あつさあたり)
Hitzschlag

mizuatari 水中り (みずあたり) diarrhoea from bad water

natsuyase 夏痩 (なつやせ) loosing weight in summer
...... natsumake 夏負け(なつまけ)

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. asemo 汗疹 (あせも) prickly heat, heat rush  
..... aseba あせぼ、asemo 汗疣(あせも)
natsuboshi 夏沸瘡 (なつぼし) severe case of prickley heat
..... natsubushi 夏ぶし(なつぶし)
..... natsumushi 夏むし(なつむし)




kakke 脚気 (かっけ) beriberi
vitamin B1 deficiency



marariya マラリヤ malaria
..... okori 瘧 (おこり)
..... gyaku 瘧(ぎゃく)

World Malaria Day - April 25
source : www.worldmalariaday.org




mizumushi 水虫 (みずむし) athlete's foot

a very common, contagious ailment, almost in all seasons, through the use of common slippers in public areas and the use of public baths and hot springs
Fußpilz



tsutsugamushibyoo 恙虫病 (つつがむしびょう) scrub typhus
Japanese river fever
tsutsugamushi is a harvest mite, chigger, fam. Trombiculidae
It is seen as a legendary animal to cause disease in summer in the Edo period illustrations 絵本百物語.
Flussfieber


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kigo for late summer

nisshabyoo 日射病 (にっしゃびょう) sunstroke
..... etsubyoo 暍病(えつびょう)
Sonnenstich


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korera コレラ cholera
..... 虎列剌(これら)
..... korori ころり
korerasen コレラ船(これらせん) cholera boat
(to isolate the patients)


kakuran 霍乱 "cholera of the Edo period"
a kind of food poisoning
also translated as "sunstroke"


sekiri 赤痢 (せきり) dysentery
..... ekiri 疫痢(えきり) hayate 颶風病(はやて)
Durchfall


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kigo for all autumn

gangasa 雁瘡 (がんがさ) "goose ekzema"
gansoo 雁瘡(がんそう), kangasa 雁来瘡(がんがさ)


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***** Medical Kigo, seasonal affections and disorders  SAD, the FLU ...

***** Medicine Day (kusuri no hi)Japan. Medicine-related kigo. Chinese Medicine.


***** Illness, disease and Hospital Stay
Topic


***** Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来、Buddha of Medicine

***** ..... The Gods of Japan and Haiku (kami to hotoke)
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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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1/28/2008

Oleander (kyoochikutoo)

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Oleander (kyoochikutoo)

***** Location: Japan, Yemen
***** Season: Mid-Summer
***** Category: Plant


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Explanation


Oleander, kyoochikutoo 夾竹桃 (きょうちくとう)
キョウチクトウ
kyooshuutoo 叫出冬(きょうしゅつとう)

"half year red", hannenkoo 半年紅(はんねんこう)
"peach leaf red", tooyookoo 桃葉紅(とうようこう)

CLICK for more Japanese photos More ENGLISH photos


Oleander (Nerium oleander), is a evergreen shrub or small tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is the only species currently classified in the genus Nerium. Other names include Adelfa, Alheli Extranjero, Baladre, Espirradeira, Flor de São Jose, Laurel de jardín, Laurel rosa, Laurier rose, Flourier rose, Olean, Aiwa, Rosa Francesca, Rosa Laurel, and Rose-bay, Araliya (in Sinhalese); in Chinese it is known as 夹竹桃 (jia zhu tao). The ancient city of Volubilis in North Africa took its name from the old Latin name for the flower.



It is native to a broad area from Morocco and Portugal eastward through the Mediterranean region and southern Asia to Yunnan in southern parts of China.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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In the Bible, the oleander plant is referred to as "the desert rose".
Historical records show that the Mesopotamians in the 15th century BC believed in the healing properties of oleander. The Babylonians used a mixture of oleander and licorice to treat hangovers. Roman soldiers also regularly took an oleander extract for hangovers. Pliny, the Elder of ancient Greece, wrote about the appearance and properties of oleander. Arab physicians first used oleander as a cancer treatment in the 8th century AD.

Read more:
 © A Brief History Of The Oleander Plant


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kigo for late summer

oiransoo 花魁草 (おいらんそう) "Geisha Plant"
kusa kyoochikutoo 草夾竹桃(くさきょうちくとう)"plant oleander"
Phlox paniculata


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Worldwide use

Yemen

kigo for winter

Oleander
One of the most striking and widely grown plants is the common oleander or pink oleander. It displays its attractive and delicate flowers clusters on branch and twig tips and we are blessed with its long duration of bloom. Both the single and double flowers have a varied color range: pale and dark pink, salmon, white. The single flowers, pale pink form with its five petal can be seen growing wild in the wadis. It is normally a broad and bulky evergreen shurb, which grows in dense clumps and reaches up to four meter high and wide. Noticeable are the narrow, long dark green leaves with a vein down the center.
© When Yemen Blooms


Oleander -
night tumbling, white
its fragrance still at the branch


Heike Gewi, Yemen 2008


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


Red oleander and
hibiscus calling morning
to Kali


 © R.K.Singh, India


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fragrant morning
a pink oleander gently
rubs her shoulder


- Shared by Satwinder Singh -
The Tea Room, facebook, 2012



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Related words

***** YEMEN SAIJIKI


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1/22/2008

Salt (shio)

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
. Legends about Salt .
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Salted winter food

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity


*****************************
Explanation

Salt has been used in Japan as in other countries to prepare food for winter. Especially salted fish is very common.


CLICK for more photos
salted salmon, shiozake 塩鮭 (しおざけ)
"new roll" aramaki 新巻(あらまき)
shiobiki 塩引(しおびき)、shiojake しおじゃけ

Salted salmon, called shiozake or shiojake, is so ubiquitous in Japan that when people just talk about “salmon” (sake or shake) they are usually referring to the salted kind rather than the raw kind (which is specifically called namazake(生鮭)). Salted salmon is a staple ingredient of bento, used as an onigiri rice ball filling, flaked on top of or mixed into rice, or just grilled.

Salted salmon is cheap and easily available in Japan, but not so outside of Japan. So I’ve been making it myself for some time now, and it’s quite easy. All you need is a typical refrigerator that has low humidity. (If yours doesn’t have excess condensation in it, and old leafy vegetables get dessicated in the corner of your vegetable bin, then it’s ideal.)
Read how to prepare it :
© justbento.com



salted yellowtail, shioburi 塩鰤 (しおぶり)


salted cod, shiodara 塩鱈 (しおだら)
The Chinese character of this fish (tara ) consists of the word for FISH and SNOW! It is a delicacy in winter.


salted bonito, skipjack, shiogatsuo 塩鰹 (しおがつお )




CLICK for more photos CLICK for more photos

hodgepodge with salt, shottsuru nabe
塩汁鍋 (しょっつるなべ)
"salty soup" shottsuru 塩汁(しょっつる)
saltey soup with fried clams, shottsuru kayaki
塩汁貝焼(しょっつるかやき)


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Echigo Murakami Sake Shiobiki Kaido
越後村上鮭塩引き街道


The "road for salted salmon" in Murakami, Echigo.
Every home has salmon hanging from the eaves, with the stomach open to the wind (tomebara 止め腹).

The main street of the village is called "Salt-pickled Road".

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Shiogama has prospered as the home of the Shiogama Shrine and as a harbour city.

In ancient times a god named Shiotsuchi no oji no kami, is said to have come to Shiogama and to have taught the people how to make salt. Shiogama, meaning salt caldron, derived its name from this legend.
Today, the ancient salt making ritual is still performed every July at the Okama Shrine in Shiogama.
Shiogama Myoojin (塩釜明神, 鹽竈明神)

WDK : Sail-cord Festival (hote matsuri). Shiogama


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amajio あまじお【甘塩】 "sweet salt"
lightly salted food and pickles
amajio no sakana ... lightly salted fish


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The Salt fields at shrine Ise Jingu 伊勢神宮

mishio 御塩 "salt for the gods"
Mishiohama 御塩浜 beach with the salt fields
Mishio yakuiho 御塩焼所
The salt for daily offerings is prepared at the shrine salt fields.



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Worldwide use

North America

Compiled by Larry Bole :

American cuisine is such a hodge-podge of world cuisines!
Americans who need to look after their health are looking for ways to cut-down on sodium, which there is often too much of in American food.

There isn't much interest in salt pork anymore, but it once showed up in American cooking, especially in Boston baked beans.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pork

There are salted peanuts, but if they were a kigo, they would probably be a summer kigo.

There is corned beef, which usually goes on sale around St. Patrick's Day here in America.

And there is salted codfish, which is found in both Italian-American cuisine (baccala) and Hispanic-American cuisine (bacalao).

In my city neighborhood, where there is a substantial Latino population, I love going into the local grocery stores around Christmas time and smelling the briny, tangy sea smell of the bacalao, even through the plastic wrapping.

One of my favorite Basho haiku:

tsutsuji ikete sono kage ni hidara saku onna

azaleas all arranged:
in their shade, a woman
tearing dried cod


Basho, trans. Barnhill

This has been translated into Spanish as:

Ante un florero lleno de azaleas
Una mujer
Desmenuzando bacalao seco

Basho, trans. not known


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Philippines

In the Philippines, we have what is called "bagoong", pronounced "ba-go-ong", which is anchovy paste. It has a sharp pungent odor and is often used to flavour less sharply-flavoured dishes, but also functions as a kind of counter-flavour for very sour dishes or sharply-sour fruit, like green mangoes. However, a simple dish of bagoong with rice will do very well, too. The bagoong will cause you to eat more rice and thereby fill your tummy, even if you have nothing else to eat in the house, which is often the case with people living below the poverty line. That doesn't mean, though, that only the poor eat bagoong. It's not called our native caviar for nothing! In "tokos" around the world, especially Asian, and most especially Filipino "tokos", fresh export-quality bagoong can be bought by the jar.

CLICK for more photos


dried fish
and salted tomatoes
... on Delft blue!



a saucer
of anchovy paste
on the table
the steady drip
from a leaking roof

Ella Wagenmakers


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Things found on the way


Salt in used as a means to purify a place in Japanese culture.

Sumo wrestlers throw a hand full of salt in the ring before the battle, to purify it of any negative feelings the arena may hold from past bouts .
CLICK for enlargement



After a funeral, visitors get a small package of salt to purify themselves before they return home. O-kiyomejio お清め塩 .
CLICK for more photos



Morishio (morijio 盛り塩) - a symbolic mound of salt at the side of the entrance to a Japanese restaurant.
CLICK for more photos CLICK for more photos


According to the story, there was once a Chinese emperor who had 3,000 concubines waiting in little houses outside the palace gates. Every night the emperor would set out in an ox cart to visit one or the other of them. One clever concubine, knowing that animals are fond of salt, decided to improve her odds of a royal rendezvous by putting salt outside her door. The imperial ox made a beeline for the salt and couldn't be budged, so, while the emperor may have had a different destination in mind, he ended up spending the night with her.
Morijio ... more details are HERE !


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salt with kurome (seaweed), kuromejio くろめ塩

くろめ(黒海布/黒布/黒菜) クロメ
kurome is a kind of konbu. It is powdered and mixed with salt.
The mixture is eaten with fresh sea-urchin eggs (uni).



salt with seaweed 藻塩 mojio, moshio
eaten with tempura
CLICK here for PHOTOS !
Records of this salt

Prepared first in Yamato by the god 塩推之神.

Ein besonderes „Algen-Salz“ (mojio, moshio 藻塩 ) wird gewonnen durch das Aufgießen von Meerwasser auf Seegras oder Abkochen zusammen mit Meerwasser zur Erhöhung des Mineralgehaltes; es war ursprünglich eine Art Medizin, die wahrscheinlich über Korea ihre Verwendung in Japan fand und bis heute als besondere Würze zu Tempura gereicht wird. Es wird bereits in der Gedichtsammlung „Manyooshuu“ besungen.
Salz vermischt mit Kurome-Seetang (kuromejio くろめ塩) wird als Geschmacksverfeinerung über frische Seeigel gestreut.


. Moshio yaki shinji 藻塩焼神事 Ritual of making Moshio salt .


わくらばに問ふ人あらば須磨の浦に
藻塩たれつつ侘ぶと答へよ


wakuraba ni tou hito araba Suma no Ura ni
moshio taretsutsu wabu to kotae yo

If, by any chance
someone should ask after me,
answer that I pine,
weeping as salt seaweed drips
on the beach of Suma.

Tr. Helen Craig McCullough

Ariwara no Yukihira 在原行平 (818 - 893)


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salt with macha green tea powder 抹茶塩 machajio
eaten with tempura
CLICK here for PHOTOS !


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Salt-tasting Jizo Bosatsu
Shioname Jizo 塩嘗地蔵


This is a small statue in the neighbourhood of Kamakura, where I used to live closeby in the mountains of Juniso.
It is at the foot of the Asahina pass road from Kamakura to the Bay of Tokyo.



This strangely named statue stands within the grounds of Kosokuji Temple. It is enshrined in a small wooden house, together with six smaller Jizo, the Roku Jizo (六地蔵), guardian deities of the Six Realms of the afterlife:
Hell (地獄), Hungry Spirits (餓鬼), Animals (畜生), Bellicose Spirits (阿修羅), Human Beings (人間), and Heaven (天).

In earlier days, the statue stood beside the main road where many people passed by. The name of this Jizo derives from the following story: In the early days, salt sellers offered the Jizo a portion of their salt on their way to the town of Kamakura because they hoped for a successful trade. On their return, they always noticed that the salt was gone. They innocently believed Jizo had graciously tasted it and would give them luck. The legend attests the importance of this road for transportation of daily necessities such as salt.
Look at more photos of the area here:
 © Kamakura: History & Historic Sites

quote
Hank Glassman's wonderful book The Face of Jizō (2012, University of Hawaii Press).
Herein we learn that six Jizō effigies were commonly installed at city entrances for "warding off evil and controlling spiritual dirt." (Glassman, p. 129). This accords well with the location of Kōsokuji Temple, which is situated on the outskirts of Kamakura along one of only seven entrance roads. Although Kamakura is next to the ocean, its bay is not well suited for the production of salt. In those bygone centuries, the city depended on salt traders from nearby Mutsu-ura and Mirua for its salt -- and those merchants depended on the passageway in front of Kōsokuji. As a preeminent crossroad deity, Jizō was most appropriately installed here to protect the wellbeing of Kamakura and the prosperity of its neighboring salt traders. The six Jizō icons are not mentioned in the SKS, however, so we may reasonably assume they were added in later years.
and more by
. Mark Schumacher - facebook Jizo Gallery .


. Asaina Kiridoshi Pass 朝夷奈切通し .
and Asahina Saburo Yoshihide - 朝比奈三郎義秀



. 銭塚地蔵尊 Zenizuka Jizo - Shioname Jizo
- かんかん地蔵 Kankan Jizo .

Asakusa, Tokyo

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quote
Agehamashiki Salt Production 揚げ浜式の塩づくり
Agehamashiki (salt production method whereby sea water is brought manually to a salt pond) is a term in salt production corresponding to irihamashiki (a method utilizing the tide) and is said to be the worlds oldest method of producing salt. In the feudal period, salt production was encouraged as one of the most important products of Kaga Domain and a monopoly was established in 1627.

Not counting one temporary hiatus, the monopoly continued until 1871. In the Suzu area, salt production had been the major industry since the Edo period, but it was terminated in 1959 due to the Extraordinary Measures Law for Salt Industries.
Only Kakuhanake (the preservation society for the agehamashiki salt production in Noto area) has been passing on the traditional technology, despite numerous difficulties.

Beginning with the preparation of the enden (the sandy salt field), and following through the shiokumi (carrying sea water to the enden), which demands extremely hard physical labor, the shiomaki (scattering sea water onto the sand), the construction of the nui (filter), around-the-clock kamadaki (boiling) at the extreme heat of 60 degrees centigrade - the technology for this whole series of tasks can only be found here and is a very valuable cultural heritage.

This activity was designated an Intangible Folk Cultural Property by Ishikawa Prefecture on April 8, 1992.

Look at the video here:
source : bunkashisan.ne.jp


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Tobacco and Salt Museum
Shibuya, Tokyo

The Tobacco and Salt museum might seem a bit of a quirky museum to outsiders but to the Japannese both of these products have been very important in Japanese culture and trade for centuries. This museum traces the history and the importance of both tobacco and salt and its relationship with man.

The third floor is all about salt, its production and uses and its importance to us all. Thre are dioramas and detailed displays which explain salt harvest technologies and the worlds relieance on this natural resource. Japan harvests all of its salt from the sea while many countries expecially in Europe or Asia have natural deposists which they mine. The Japanese are facinated by these salt caves. Some of the displays show the amazing imagination used to create clever salt extraction methods from sea water.

By comparison with other heavily populated parts of the world, Japan has always been at a disadvantage, for it has no known rock-salt deposits or other terrestrial salt sources, while its relatively low median temperatures and heavy rainfall make reliance on natural evaporation impracticable.

Until relatively recent times, importation of salt from abroad was difficult if not impossible, due to the island nation's distance from the continent. Thus, Japan was forced to develop its own salt technology, some aspects of which are not found elswhere.

In general, Japanese salt production was carried on in two stage First, various methods were utilized to produce a heavily condensed saline solution from ordinary sea water; in the second stage, this salt concentrate was boiled down to yield a residue of edible sea salt.

Even with the universal mechanisation in use today, these two processes still form the groundwork of salt manufacture in Japan; the search for increased efficiency in extracting salt from sea water continues to challege the ingenuity of contemporary scientists and technician. The scope of their research is not limited to edible salt production alone, for the growing significance of soda and soda derivatives in modern industry has if anything, increased the importance of salt as one of the indispensable raw materials necessary for the advanced technology of today.

Tobacco and Salt Museum


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Shio no michi 塩の道 The Salt Road  
"Chikuni Kaido" 'chikuni kaidoo 千国街道(ちくにかいどう)
From Niigata to Matsumoto in Nagano


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takeshio, takejio 竹塩 salt made in bamboo
bamboo salt. Sea salt is stuffed into freshly cut bamboo and then roasted two or three times. This is an old method from Buddhist monks, brought over from Korea. This salt has a high mineral content and is also used for gargles or as bathing salt. It gives a special flavor to dishes.

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yamashio, yamajio 山塩 salt from the mountains
from Oshika mura in Nagano 大鹿
It is contained in water coming out from the mountain. It is cooked for a few days until the water is evaporated. Local people use it to eat the tempura, grilled fish in salt and other dishes with it.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi 風俗女水滸伝 


The Salt-boiling Islands, Shiwaku Shotoo (塩飽諸島)
The group is situated between Okayama Prefecture and Kagawa Prefecture in the western Bisan Seto and consists of 28 islands of various sizes. On the Okayama side lie the Kasaoka Islands. The name derives from shioyaku (塩焼く, shioyaku) or shiowaku (潮湧く, shiowaku) both meaning boiling seawater to get salt.

Shamijima 沙弥島
Due to a land reclamation of the Sakaide Bannosu (番の州, Bannosu?) industrial area in December 1967, the island became connected to the adjacent land. Adjoining, the island services the Seto Ohashi Memorial Park. In summer the island is crowded by guests who come to bath in the sea. From the Jomon period on the salt making culture developed. At Nakanda beach (ナカンダ浜, nakanda-hama) earthenware and other finds from that time have been excavated.

The Man'yōshū poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro paid a visit to the island and composed a tanka and tanka appendage. According to the novelist Nakagawa Yoichi (中河与一, Nakagawa Yoichi?) from Sakaide, Kakinomoto no Hitomaro had a temple/monument erected on Nakanda beach which in 1936 was moved to its present location on Osogoe beach (オソゴエの浜, Osogoe beach?) at (人麻呂岩).


Yoshima 与島,
part of Sakaide and one of the seven "salt boiling islands". area: 1.10 km², circumference: 6.9 km. The island is crossed by the Great Seto Bridge and a rest area ("Yoshima parking area") has been build along the highway.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Utagawa Kuniyoshi,
Women Carrying Buckets of Brine for Salt
source : The Arthur R. Miller Collection

. . . CLICK here for Photos of the Islands !



source : asahi-net.or.jp

The Shiwaku Odori 塩飽踊り Shiwaku Dance
amulet from the Shiwaku Islands (salt boiling). (on the left)
In 1591, Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the marine of Shiwaku to help with his campaign against Korea. 32 ships with 650 people joined the battles and eventually came back sucessfully. When they returned home, old and young, men and women of the island danced for three days, filled with joy.

. Toys and Amulets from Kagawa 香川県 .

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Sakaide and Kume Tsuuken (1780 - 1841)
久米通賢(くめつうけん)坂出


Sakaide is the biggest trading port in Shikoku, dealing with about 34,700 cargo ships and tankers each year. Until the 1960s it was known for the greatest salt production in Japan. Visiting Kamada Kyosai-kai Kyodo Hakubutsu-kan Museum is like visiting Sakaide as it used to be. There are lots of interesting objects from the earliest salt-making pots (300-600 A.D.) to innovations in the 19th century by Kume Tsuken, the founder of Sakaide as a Salt City.
Sakaide is an industrial town of 60,000 located 22 km west of Takamatsu. It is a traditional area for sea-salt production.
source :  www.lansingsc.org



yukishio, yuki-shio ゆきしお / 雪塩 snow-salt
very fine salt, often used for kaiseki food. This salt is blown over the food to distribute it carefully.
Very rich in minerals, even in the Guiness Books of Records as the salt with the most minerals !
From Miyako Island, Okinawa 宮古島
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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Heda no shio 戸田の塩 salt from Heda, Izu peninsula
It has a long tradition of more than 1000 years.
The salt is boiled and stirred constantly in a long process to make salt. Now a group of local ladies and their husbands keep it up. The men get the water out in large tanks from the deep sea of the Bay of Suruga. From each large yellow container of water they get about 14 kilo of salt.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
One delicacy is a simple
shio musubi 塩むすび rice ball with salt
Salt is also used as a dip for sashimi, instead of soy sauce.


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quote
On the night of the twenty-ninth of the sixth month, they met in the garden of the Dajōkan,
drank salt water and swore an oath, . .


This ritual is mentioned only in the edict translated in the article (757.7.12), and in Azumahito's confession in the "Shoku Nihongi" entry for 7.4 to which it refers.

source : pmjs group discussion


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Salt from Ako, called Chushingura
赤穂塩 忠臣蔵

赤穂の天塩

quote
Chûshingura in the 1980s:
Rethinking the Story of the 47 Ronin

Henry D. Smith II

Take, for example, the episode on the Pine Corridor incident that appeared in NHK’s “Invitation to History” (Rekishi e no shôtai) series, in which academic historians, amateur historians, and writers of historical fiction are all happily mixed together to debate a particular issue. One major topic of discussion in this particular program was the so-called “salt-farm theory,” deriving from the fact that both Akô and Kira Yoshinaka’s own domain of Kira-chô, located 40 km southeast of Nagoya on Atsumi Bay, just happened to be producers of salt.

It was the novelist Ozaki Shirô―a native of Kira-chô―who first proposed in 1949 that the incident had its origins in a salt rivalry between Asano, whose Akô salt was of superior quality, and Kira, who had easier access to the Edo market.
Of the several versions of the salt-farm theory, the most common envisions Kira sending spies to Akô to steal the secrets of superior salt technology, thereby provoking Asano and eventually the Matsu-no-rôka attack. Never mind that there is not a shred of evidence for the theory: the NHK show made a virtue of this by featuring a lengthy discussion by a leading expert of Edo salt production, who conclusively demonstrated that the industrial spy theory was in fact implausible, since the geological and labor conditions in Kira-chô would have made Akô’s techniques useless anyway.

source : www.columbia.edu/




rusk bisquits with Ako salt 赤穂塩ラスク





生大福 daifuku rice cakes with Ako salt
忠臣蔵ゆかりの地 赤穂の塩を使った





salted peanut snack with Ako salt
赤穂の天然塩をピーナッツ

only sold in the Kansai area


. Chushingura 忠臣蔵 The Story of the 47 Ronin .


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HAIKU


SALT kigo for the New Year

Matsumoto no shio-ichi 松本の塩市 (まつもとのしおいち)
salt market in Matsumoto

..... First market at Matsumoto, Matsumoto no hatsu ichi 松本の初市
..... Sweet Market, ame ichi 飴市(あめいち)
Matsumoto in Nagano is the final station of the Salt Road, see below.

It used to be January 11, now on the second Saturday and Sunday in January.
Now more sweets are sold instead of salt.




. WKD : New Year Ceremonies  


Shio no michi 塩の道 The Salt Road  
"Chikuni Kaido" 'chikuni kaidoo 千国街道(ちくにかいどう)
From Niigata to Matsumoto in Nagano


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salted salmon

塩鮭をさげて食おうか絵にするか
shiozake o sagete tabeyoo ka e ni suru ka

taking down the salted salmon -
shall we eat it?
shall we paint it?



塩鮭の塩の甘さを嘆くべし
shiozake no shio no amasa o nageku beshi

the sweetness of salt
from the salted salmon -
we should grieve about it



塩鮭や何で紅色きらめきし
塩鮭や海の力を割り裂きて
銀シャリに映える塩鮭見てわが身引き締む
味なじむ鮭のおにぎり母のぬくもり
子がくれし、塩鮭捌く、年の暮れ
© 俳句歳時記(62号)
Tr. Gabi Greve


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木がらしや木の葉にくるむ塩肴
kogarashi ya ki no ha ni kurumu shio sakana

winter wind--
wrapped in tree leaves
a salted fish


Issa, tr. David Lanoue

sakana, can also indicate a bite to go with a sip of ricewine, not necessarily a fish. Something to nibble while drinking.


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Compiled by Larry Bole

In Snorri Sturluson's "Prose Edda" (Norse Mythology), the sacred cow, Audumbla, "... licked the ice-blocks, which were salty; and the first day that she licked the blocks, there came forth from the blocks in the evening a man's hair; the second day, a man's head; the third day the whole man was there. He is named Boki ['ancestor of the gods and grandfather of Odin']." (trans. Brodeur)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_lick


Here is a salt lick haiku:

ice moon . . .
an elk touches its tongue
to the salt lick


an'ya
(The Heron's Nest, Volume III, Number 10: December, 2001)



Gandhi led a famous "salt march" to the seashore in India to protest the British salt tax. This is reminiscent of the American colonial opposition to the British tea tax, symbolized by the "Boston Tea Party."

You can read about Gandhi's "salt march" here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Satyagraha


Various sources on the internet say that Japan has no significant mineral salt deposits, and so has developed several ways, some unique, to extract salt from sea water.

In his book, "Dawn to the West," Donald Keene writes about the Japanese haijin Sawaki Kin'ichi (1919-2001) and his commitment to writing haiku of social significance.

"A series of haiku describing the salt fields of the Noto Peninsula he [Sawaki] visited in 1955 includes this example:

enden ni hyakunichi sujime tsuketooshi

In the salt fields
One hundred days of raking
Lines in the sand.

"The picture here is of a primitive and infinitely laborious process. Buckets of sea water are repeatedly dumped, all day long, into sand plots exposed to the hot summer sun. The water evaporates, leaving the salt. The sun is hot enough to make this crude method of salt extraction possible only for about one hundred days in the year.
The raking of the sand, generally left to the women, was (like the rest of the process) back-breaking labor. Sawaki's poem, effectively depicting the scene, earned the praise of such men as Mizuhara Shuuoshi and Yamaguchi Seishi for its rare success in incorporating into the poem itself theories of social consciousness often advocated by critics of haiku."

Hugh Bygott has translated the above haiku as follows:

In the salt pan fields,
one hundred days of lines drawn;
marked in the sand.


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/shiki-temp/message/4723


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In the fish shop
the gums of the salt-bream
look cold.


Matsuo Basho
Tr. David Landis Barnhill

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減塩に変えていつもの倍入れる  
genen ni kaete itsumo no baai ireru

changing to low salt diet -
usually I add
twice as much   
    

Hensa 偏差値48


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Related words


Selling new salt, waka shio uri 若塩売(わかしおうり)
celebrating the new salt, waka shio iwai
若塩祝い(わかしおいわい)
kigo for the New Year

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. WASHOKU - sweets with salt ! .

. WASHOKU - Meersalz
Die Geschichte des Salzes in Japan

. Legends about Salt .

***** Washoku - Food from Japan and Haiku

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Sea salt making, the right detail for boiling sea water, in the middle with to women carrying sea water in their buckets, and two men stacking up bundled fuel twigs for heating sea water.

Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849, signed Zen (Previously) Hokusai Manji 前北斎卍)
Poem by Gonchûnagon Sadaie (Fujiwara no Sadaie, Fujiwara no Teika), from the series One Hundred Poems Explained by the Nurse (Hyakunin isshu uba ga etoki) 「百人一首宇波か縁説 権中納言定家」, 1835-36

Poem: Konu hito no Matsuo no ura no yûnagi ni yaku ya moshio no mi mo kogaretsutsu
来ぬひとを まつほの浦の 夕なぎに やくやも塩の みもこかれつゝ

On Matsuo Beach
I wait in the pines at dusk
for one who won't come -
and like the blazing salt mounds,
I too am consumed by fire.


- reference : MFA Boston -

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- #salz #shio #salt -
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