Season of summer ... SAIJIKI START

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The Season of Summer

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Summer
***** Category: Season


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Explanation

In the category SEASON,
we have to consider the problems with the Asian lunar calendar and the changes to our modern times with respect to the names of months.
A lot of these expressions remind of the Chinese lore and legends of old.

In a worldwide context, we have to consider the differences of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, see below.


. The Asian Lunar Calendar . . Reference

spring begins, February 4, risshun 立春
summer begins, May 6, rikka　立夏
autumn begins, August 8, risshuu　立秋
winter begins, November 7, rittoo　立冬


Early summer: 6 May – 5 Jun
Mid-summer: 6 Jun – 6 Jul
Late summer: 7 Jul – 7 Aug



Rikka (立夏): May 5—Beginning of summer
Shōman (小満): May 21—Grain full
Bōshu (芒種): June 6—Grain in ear
Geshi (夏至): June 21—Summer solstice, middle of summer
Shōsho (小暑): July 7—Small heat
Taisho (大暑): July 23—Large heat

. Names of old Japanese months
and the 24 solar sections ( nijuyon sekki　二十四節気 )
and the 72 seasonal points ( shichijuuni koo 七十二候 )



SUMMER, summertime

natsu 夏 (なつ) summer
... natsuba 夏場（なつば）

enka enka 炎夏（えんか） hot summer
..... josoo 蒸炒（じょうそう) "steaming hot summer)


entei 炎帝（えんてい) Emperor of Flames
shuuka 朱夏（しゅか）"red vermillion summer"
shukuyuu 祝融（しゅくゆう）"red summer"
according the the theory of five elements of China
Read more about this interesting aspect of
. WKD : Deities of the Four Seasons
entei 炎帝（えんてい) Emperor of Flames

and Tsutsu-Hime 筒姫 （つつひめ）


- the reading of GE for the kanji 夏（げ） refers to the
. natsu ango 夏安吾（げあんご）summer retreat for monks .
..... gegomori 夏籠（げごもり）, gekomori, gegyoo 夏行（げぎょう）
ge-iri 夏入（げいり）beginning the summer retreat
ge no hajime 夏の始め（げのはじめ）beginning of the summer retreat



sanka 三夏（さんか) "three summer divisions"
three months of summer

kyuuka 九夏（きゅうか） "nine summer divisions"
the 90 days of summer
(according to the lunar calendar)


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Some kigo about SUMMER have their main entry in a different season and when mentioned in spring, this has to be added explicitly

xxx in summer

Please check the entries carefully!


. SUMMER
the complete SAIJIKI


. SUMMER
The complete SEASON KIGO LIST


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Kigo for early summer


hakusho 薄暑 (はくしょ) mild weather in early summer
lit. "light heat"




seiwa 清和 (せいわ) "clear peace"
seiwa no ten 和淸の天（わせいのてん） sky with clear peace
According to the Chinese calendar, this was the first day of the fourth month.
It was a time when the weather was pleasant and calm.
The fourth month was also calles

seiwazuki 清和月 "month of clear peace"

Note
Seiwa Tenno 清和天皇 reigned in Japan from 858–876


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Kigo for mid-summer


booshu 芒種 (ぼうしゅ) Boshu. June 6—Grain in ear
third of the the 24 solar sections for summer
It marks the time for the beginning of rice planting season.



chuuka 仲夏 (ちゅうか) middle of summer
The rainy season will soon be over and people start making preparations for the summer holidays.



satsuki 皐月 (さつき) fifth lunar month
sanaezuki 早苗月（さなえづき）month of rice seedlings
tachibanazuki 橘月（たちばなづき）month of citrus fruit blossoms
samidarezuki 五月雨月（さみだれづき）month of the rains of the fifth month
tsukimizutsuki, tsukimizu tsuki 月見ず月（つきみずつき）month where we can not see the moon
satsuki 五月（さつき）"fifth month"
tagusazuki たぐさ月（たぐさづき
now 6 Jun – 6 Jul



tauedoki 田植時 たうえどき time for rice planting


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A big part of the Japanese summer is taken by the humidity and constant rain of the rainy season.
It comes with many kigo of its own!

tsuyu 梅雨 rainy season
rain on the plums


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Kigo for late summer


minazuki 水無月 (みなづき) sixth lunar month
month without water
kazemachizuki 風待月（かぜまちづき）month waiting for wind
tokonatsuzuki 常夏月（とこなつづき）"month with perpetual summer"
aominazuki 青水無月（あおみなづき） green month without water
now 7 Jul – 7 Aug

. WASHOKU
minazuki 水無月 (みなずき) sweets for June 　


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sanpuku 三伏 (さんぷく)
three hottest ka-no-e "metal" days of summer

the third day of Ka no e 庚(かのえ)の日 after the summer solstice is
shofuku 初伏（しょふく） first ka-no-e day

the fourth day of Ka no e 庚(かのえ)の日 after the summer solstice is
chuufuku 中伏（ちゅうふく) middle ka-no-e day

the last day of Ka no e 庚(かのえ)の日 after the summer solstice is
mappuku 末伏（まっぷく） last ka-no-e day


ka-no-e, the elder brother of metal. Metal will be melted by heat
(火剋金), so these three days are unlucky.
The acutal days may differ according to ancient lore, usually the third and fourth ka-no-e day after the summer solstice and the first of autumn are counted.

On these days, you should not sow seeds or plant, have no treatment, do not go on a trip and have no sex.

These three days are somewhere during the end of july, beginning of august, in the hottest time of the year.
The Chinese characters 三伏の猛暑 are used when writing a letter of sympathy to someone on these days.


MORE

. sanpuku 三伏 (さんぷく) and ka-no-e 　
「三伏」（サンボッ）



三伏の月の穢に鳴く荒鵜かな
sanpuku no tsuki no e ni naku ara-u kana

they screech at the moon
on the sanpuku day ...
wild cormorants

Iida Dakotsu 飯田蛇笏 (1885 - 1962)


. . .


本尊かけよ九夏三伏郭公
honzon kakeyo kyuuka sanpuku hototogisu

main Buddha statue
90 days of summer, three "metal" days
Japanese cockoo

Shunoku 俊屋　


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Kigo for all summer


natsu no hi 夏の日 (なつのひ) sun in summer
..... natsubi 夏日（なつび）、kajitsu 夏日（かじつ）
natsu hinata 夏日向（なつびなた）sunny place in summer
natsu hikage 夏日影（なつひかげ）shadow in summer
hi no natsu 日の夏（ひのなつ）summer sun
natsu asahi 夏朝日（なつあさひ）morning sun in summer
natsu yuuhi 夏夕日（なつゆうひ）evening sun in summer



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The Japanese summer is very hot and humid.
To find a cool breeze and relax was very important in the times without airconditioning.

. COOLNESS in summer 　



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Worldwide use

Northern and Southern Hemisphere

If there is not specific mention, a calendar reference kigo refers to the Northern Hemisphere as its place of origin, since haiku and the saijiki concept originates in Japan.
For the Southern Hemisphere, add six months.
For a calendar reference kigo originating in the Southern Hemisphere, add six months to get to its Northern counterpart.

. WKD : calendar reference kigo



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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


はんけちのたしなみきよき薄暑かな
hankechi no tashinmi kyoki hakusho kana

now it is the time
for clean hankerchiefs ...
light heat of summer

Kubota Mantaroo 久保田万太郎



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Related words

***** Summre (natsu) . . . heavens


. . . . SUMMER KIGO LIST
Category SEASON



. SPRING
the complete SAIJIKI


. SUMMER
the complete SAIJIKI


. AUTUMN
the complete SAIJIKI


. WINTER
the complete SAIJIKI



. WKD ... ALL SAIJIKI ... LIST

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BACKUP of the YAHOO LIST

Deities of Summer, Emperor Entei and Princess Tsutsuhime http://darumamuseumgallery.blogspot.com/2010/03/saho-hime-tatsuta-hime.html
worldkigo
Summer (natsu) the BASICS http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/07/summer-natsu.html
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autumn is near (aki chikashi) waiting for autumn and more AUTUMN-related summer kigo http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2007/09/seasons-ending.html
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barley autumn (mugi no aki) mugiaki, bakushuu more BARLEY kigo http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2008/02/barley-wheat.html
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booshu (grain in ear) third of the the 24 solar sections for summer http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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cold summer (reika) damage by coldness (reigai) and more http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/07/summer-natsu.html
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coolness in summer (suzushisa) cool breeze, cool moon, cool rain and many more http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2005/03/coolness-suzushi.html
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dew feels cool (tsuyu suzushi) more DEW kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2005/04/dew-tsuyu.html
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dog days (doyoo) a KIGO list. http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2005/04/dog-days-doyoo.html
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evening in summer (natsu no yuu, yoi) more EVENING kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2010/03/evening-yuube-yoi.html
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fusoo hotaru to naru compost leaves become fireflies. seasonal point http://wkdsaijikieuropa.blogspot.com/2007/09/names-of-months.html
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garden coolness, cool garden (niwa suzushi) more GARDEN kigo http://darumamuseumgallery.blogspot.com/2007/05/japanese-gardens.html
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hangeshoo, hange (11 days after the summer solstice) http://wkdsaijikieuropa.blogspot.com/2007/09/names-of-months.html
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heat (atsusa), hot beach, hot rocks, intense heat hot day and more. a KIGO list http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/07/summer-natsu.html
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july, seventh month (shichigatsu) introduction http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2005/10/july-shichigatsu.html
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june, sixth month (rokugatsu) introduction http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2005/10/june-rokugatsu.html
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light heat (hakusho) mild weather in early summer http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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may (gogatsu) lit. fifth month introduction http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/01/may-gogatsu.html
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may: last day of the fifth month (gotatsu jin) http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/01/may-gogatsu.html
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midsummer (manatsu, seika) the hottest part of summer http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/07/summer-natsu.html
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minazuki (month without water) sixth lunar month now july http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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minazuki comes to an end (minazuki jin) July is over (shichigatsu jin) http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2007/09/seasons-ending.html
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moon feels cool (tsuki suzushi) more MOON kigo http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/01/moon-and-his-links.html
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morning in summer (natsu no asa) dawn, daybreak, early morning. MORNING kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2010/03/morning-asa.html
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night in summer (natsu no yo) more NIGHT kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2010/03/night-yoru.html
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noon in summer (natsu mahiru) heat during daytime. DAYTIME kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2010/03/noon-daytime-hiru.html
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rain feels cool, cool rain (ryoo-u) more RAIN kigo http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/06/rain-in-various-kigo.html
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rainy season (tsuyu) a . long . KIGO list http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/06/rainy-season-tsuyu.html
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rainy season ends (tsuyu ake) in late summer. a KIGO list http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/06/rainy-season-tsuyu.html
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rice planting time (tauedoki) more RICE kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2005/06/fields-paddies-ta.html
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sanpuku days (three hottest kooshin days of summer) Taishaku and Ka-no-E days http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2007/04/kiken-castle-kikenjoo.html
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satsuki (fifth lunar month) a KIGO list http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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seiwa (clear peace) the first day of the fourthlunar month http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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shadow feels cool (kage suzushi) more SHADOW kigo http://wkdhaikutopics.blogspot.com/2007/03/shadow.html
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shooman (grain full) secon of the the 24 solar sections of summer http://wkdsaijikieuropa.blogspot.com/2007/09/names-of-months.html
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shoosho (small heat) the fifth of the 24 solar sections for summer http://wkdsaijikieuropa.blogspot.com/2007/09/names-of-months.html
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short night (mijika yo) more : Long day, short day, long night, short night http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2005/12/long-day-nagaki-hi.html
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solstice in summer (geshi) a KIGO list. white night of the summer solstice http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/11/winter-solstice-tooji.html
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stone lantern light feels cool (hi suzushi) more STONE LANTERN kigo http://haikutopics.blogspot.com/2006/04/stone-lantern-ishidooroo.html
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summer begins (rikka) a KIGO list http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2007/09/seasons-beginning.html
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summer begins carefully (shoka) a KIGO list. sommer still thin, summer shows, ... http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2007/09/seasons-beginning.html
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summer deepens (natsu fukashi) summer at its best http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/07/summer-natsu.html
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summer in the middle, mid of summer (chuuka) http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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summer is late, late summer (banka) a KIGO list http://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.com/2006/07/summer-natsu.html
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sun in summer (natsu no hi) morning sun, evening sun ... a KIGO list http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html
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twilight / dusk in summer (natsu no kure) more DUSK kigo http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2009/03/twilight-kure.html
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uzuki (fourth lunar month) month when the deutzia is blooming. first month of summer (natsu hazuki) ... and more http://wkdkigodatabase03.blogspot.com/2008/05/deutzia-blossoms-u-no-hana.html
worldkigo
white night (byakuya, hakuya) white night of the summer solstice 　 http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/11/white-night.html
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wind feels cool, cool (refreshing) wind (suzukaze) more WIND kigo http://worldkigo2005.blogspot.com/2006/11/wind-in-various-kigo-kaze.html



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