Seeds in spring

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Seeds in Spring

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Spring, Summer see below
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Spring is a time for planting new crops, flowers and trees.

Here are kigo related to these activities.



. Rice fields and paddies
during all seasons 　


. Activities in Spring 　


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Kigo for early spring



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Kigo for mid-spring


naedoko 苗床 (なえどこ) bed for seedlings
Saatbeet
tanedoko 種床（たねどこ）、byooho 苗圃（びょうほ）
onshoo 温床（おんしょう）warm bed (for seedlings)
fureemu フレーム frame
reishoo 冷床（れいしょう）cold bed(for seedlings)
tane shooji 苗障子（なえしょうじ）sliding doors
(above the bed for seedlings)
The beds for the rice plants are especially important. But other plants are also kept in small warmed beds for early planting.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



naefuda 苗札 (なえふだ) plate to identify the seedlings


naegi 苗木市 (なえぎいち) market for tree saplings
naegi uri 苗木売（なえぎうり）vendor of tree saplings



tana-i 種井 たない well for the seeds
..... tana ido 種井戸（たないど）
..... tana ike 種池（たないけ）pond for the seeds
..... tane oke 種桶（たねおけ）bucket for the seeds
Many seeds are watered for a while before sown in the fields or in the garden.


tana-ike sarai 種池浚い (たないけさらい)
cleaning the pond for the seeds
tanaike barai 種池ばらい（たないけばらい）、
tana-i barai 種井ばらい（たないばらい）cleaning the well
tana-i gae 種井替（たないがえ）changing (the water) in the well

. Pond, well and related KIGO




tanemono 種物 (たねもの) (all kinds of) seeds
..... monodane 物種（ものだね）
花種（はなたね） seeds of flowers
taneuri, tane uri 種売（たねうり）vendor of seeds
tanebukuro 種袋（たねぶくろ）package with seeds
tanemonoya 種物屋（たねものや）store selling seeds



tane erabi 種選 (たねえらび) selecting seeds
tane yori 種選（たねより）



ueki ichi 植木市 (うえきいち)
market for potted plants and trees
These markets are quite popular in rural areas and often held during the spring festivals of temples and shrines.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Kigo for late spring

tane kagashi 種案山子 (たねかがし)
scarecrow in the bed for seedlings



tane hitashi 種浸し (たねひたし) watering the seeds
tane tsuke 種浸け（たねつけ）
tanekashi 種かし（たねかし）、tanefute 種ふて、tane fuseru 種ふせる（たねふせる）
momi tsukeru 籾つける（もみつける）watering unhulled rice grains
tanedoki 種時（たねどき）
tanedawara 種俵（たねだわら）
sujidawara すじ俵（すじだわら）



rice seedlings in a wet bed

My home in Ohaga, Okayama prefecture
. . . CLICK here for Photos of the rice fields in spring !


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tanemaki 種蒔 (たねまき / 種蒔き) sowing seeds
..... tane oroshi 種おろし（たねおろし）
sujimaki すじ蒔（すじまき）
tanemakizakura 種蒔桜（たねまきざくら）
wild cherry blossom tree for sowing
(indicating with its blossoms that it is time to sow and plant. See the chapter about rice planting)
tanemaki okko 種蒔おっこ（たねまきおっこ）
momi maku 籾蒔く（もみまく）sowing unhulled rice
momi orosu 籾おろす（もみおろす）
yudane maku 斎種まく（ゆだねまく）sowing consecrates seeds
(that have been taken to a shrine or temple before and consecrated for a good harvest)


. tanemaki 種蒔 SOWING vegetables and flowers
KIGO LIST 　


Sowing can be done by hand or with small maschines. Some are sown into plastic sheets with a hole for some seeds at a certain distance between the plants to grow.


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Kigo for early summer




naeuri, nae-uri 苗売 (なえうり / 苗売り)
vendor of seedlings (of vegetables and flowers)
naeichi, nae-ichi 苗市（なえいち） market for vegetable seedlings
Many vegetables are sold as small plants for private gardens and fields.
During the Edo period, this was a small income for farmers living close to the cities. Mostly cucumbers, eggplants, taro and sweetpotatoes or flowers like morning glory were sold.



寺の門出て苗売に逢へりけり
tera no mon dete nae-uri e aeri keri

out of the temple gate
I go to meet
the seedling vendor


Kubota Mantaro 久保田万太郎


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. nashi nae 茄子苗 (なすなえ) eggplant seedlings 　



.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Summer 　


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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


お城から見るや種蒔く三十里
o-shiro kara miru ya tanemaku sanjuu ri

from the castle
I see them sowing seeds -
for 30 ri

Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規

one RI is about 4 km.
Here Shiki is taling about the castle of Matsuyama and the surrounding fertile plains.

. Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規
and Matsuyama City 松山


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Related words

***** Spring (haru) . . . the season


***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Spring Kigo


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Christian Celebrations

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Christian Celebrations in Japanese Kigo

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below.
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Today, about one to two million Japanese are Christians (about 1% of Japan's population). Most of them live in Western Japan where the missionaries' activities were greatest during the 16th century.

A few Christian customs have become quite popular also among the non-Christian population. Such customs are the wearing of white dresses at weddings or the celebration of St.Valentine's Day and, to a certain grade, also Christmas.

In the year 1542, the first Europeans from Portugal landed on Kyushu in Western Japan. The two historically most important things they imported to Japan were gunpowder and Christianity. The Japanese barons on Kyushu welcomed foreign trade especially because of the new weapons, and, therefore, tolerated the Jesuit missionaries. The missionaires were successful in converting quite large numbers of people in Western Japan including members of the ruling class. In 1550, Francis Xavier also undertook a mission to the capital Kyoto.
source : www.japan-guide.com

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Persecution under the Shogunate

Under Hideyoshi and then under the succeeding Tokugawa shogunate, Catholic Christianity was repressed and adherents were persecuted. During these times, many Christians were killed in Japan, some by crucifixion; most famously, the twenty-six martyrs of Japan were tortured and crucified on crosses outside Nagasaki to discourage Christianity in 1597. Following a brief respite that occurred as Tokugawa Ieyasu rose to power and pursued trade with the Iberian powers, there were further persecutions and martyrdoms in 1613, 1630, and 1632.

By this point, after the Shimabara Rebellion, the remaining Christians had been forced to publicly renounce their faith. Many continued practicing Christianity in secret, in modern times becoming known as the "hidden Christians" (隠れキリシタン, kakure kirishitan). These secret believers would often conceal Christian iconography within closed shrines, lanterns or inconspicuous parts of buildings.

For example, Himeji Castle has a Christian cross on one of its 17th-century roof tiles, in place of a mon, indicating that one of its occupants was a secret Christian. Drawn from the oral histories of Japanese Catholic communities, Shusaku Endo's acclaimed historical novel "Silence" provides detailed fictionalised accounts of the persecution of Christian communities and the suppression of the Church.
(Endo Shusaku 遠藤周作)
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Pictures of Christian figures used during the Edo period (1600-1868) to identify adherents of Christianity, proscribed in 1613. Suspects were ordered to trample these Christian images underfoot on the assumption that those who refused or hesitated revealed themselves as Christians.
Official use of fumie as an instument of control continued until 1858.

. Stepping on a Christian image
(fumi-e, fumie, ebumi 踏絵　絵踏)
kigo for early spring 　



Some Christian celebrations are also KIGO in Japan.
Let us look at them through the seasons.

These celebrations are all bound to a calendar reference defining their season.
Read the general points to consider HERE:
. Calendar references and KIGO


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SPRING


kigo for early spring

nijuuroku seijinsai 二十六聖人祭 (にじゅうろくせいじんさい)
celebration of the 26 saints
..... chimeisai 致命祭（ちめいさい）
On the 5th of February, in 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the execution of 26 christian people in Nagasaki, 3 of them where Japanese Jesuits. Later Pope Pius 9 canonized them in 1861.


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. Barentain Dii バレンタインデー Valentine Day 　
barentain no hi バレンタインの日 (ばれんたいんのひ)



. shanikusai 謝肉祭 (しゃにくさい) carneval, carnival 　
Karneval, Fasching
including

. hai no suiyoobi 灰の水曜日Ash Wednesday. Aschermittwoch .
and Fat Tuesday (Mardi Gras)


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kigo for mid-spring

sei Yosefu sai 聖ヨセフ祭 (せいよせふさい) feast of Saint Joseph
..... shugoshasai 守護者祭（しゅごしゃさい）
..... joohaisai 浄配祭（じょうはいさい）
Fest des Heiligen Josef


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o-tsugesai 御告祭 おつげさい Annunciation
kami no o-tsuge 神のお告げ（かみのおつげ）, gokuchisai 告知祭（こくちさい）、o-tsuge no shukujitsu お告げの祝日（おつげのしゅくじつ）, jutai kokuchibi 受胎告知日（じゅたいこくちび）、seitai gokuchibi 聖胎告知日（せいたいこくちび）
Maria Verkündigung


The Angelus Domini is the traditional form used by the faithful to commemorate the holy annunciation of the angel Gabriel to Mary.
. . Angelus prayer


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shishunsetsu 四旬節 (しじゅんせつ) lent
..... taisaisetsu 大斎節（たいさいせつ）
rento レント、Lent
shijunsai 四旬祭（しじゅんさい）, shijunsai 四旬斎（しじゅんさい）

The season of Lent is a 40-day period of fasting and prayer, which leads up to the great feast of Christ's resurrection, Easter, in the Christian calendar. Lent starts on Ash Wednesday and ends with Easter Eve, the day after Good Friday, when we remember Jesus resting dead in his tomb and prepare ourselves to celebrate his resurrection.
. Lent in Europe 　
including
junan no jujitsu 受難の主日 (じゅなんのしゅじつ)
Palmsunday, Palmsonntag
sei kinyoobi 聖金曜日 せいきんようび Good Friday, Karfreitag
seidoyoobi 聖土曜日 (せいどようび) Holy Saturday, Karsamstag



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kigo for late spring

. fukkatsu-sai 復活祭り、iisutaa イースター
Easter / Ostern 　
iisutaa eggu イースターエッグ Easter egg
pasuka パスカ、pasuha パスハ、paaku パーク Pashka
Russian Easter cheese dessert
and
shiroki nichiyoobi 白き日曜日 (しろきにちようび)White Sunday




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SUMMER


kigo for early summer

seibozuki 聖母月 (せいぼづき) month of the holy mother
..... Maria no tsuki マリアの月（まりあのつき）month of Maria
The month of May.




shootensai 昇天祭 (しょうてんさい) Ascension of Christ
..... shooten no hi 昇天日（しょうてんび）
goshooten 御昇天（ごしょうてん）
Himmelfahrt


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kigo for mid-summer

hana no hi 花の日 (はなのひ) "day of flowers"
..... hana no nichiyo 花の日曜（はなのにちよう）sunday of flowers
bara no nichiyo 薔薇の日曜（ばらのにちよう）sunday of roses
Most often the second sunday in July.
Rosensonntag, Freudensonntag, Lätare


The fourth Sunday in Lent is Laetare, also called Refreshment Sunday.
Mothering Sunday, Laetare in Europe


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sei Yohanne sai 聖ヨハネ祭 (せいよはねさい)
Feast of Saint John
..... senja sei Yohanne sai 仲夏 洗者聖ヨハネ祭（せんじゃせいよはねさい）
Feast of Saint John the Baptist
..... senja sei Yohanne tanjoobi 洗者聖ヨハネ誕生日（せんじゃせいよはねたんじょうび）
birthdy of Saint John, the Baptist
der Heilige Johannes der Täufer

. Golowan Festival, Cornwall .
England
Midsummer’s Day is the church feast of St John The Baptist,


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sei Petoro . Pauro sai 聖ペトロ・パウロ祭
(せいぺとろ・ぱうろさい)
Feast of Saints Peter and Paul
July 29
Hochfest Peter und Paul



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seirei koorin sai 聖霊降臨祭 (せいれいこうりんさい)
Pentecost
pentekosute ペンテコステ
seireisai 聖霊祭（せいれいさい）/降臨祭（こうりんさい）
gojunsetsu 五旬節（ごじゅんせつ）
Pfingsten



sanmisai 三位祭 (さんみさい) Trinity Sunday
seisanmisai 聖三位祭（せいさんみさい）
shiseisai 至聖祭（しせいさい）
Celebrated on the next sunday after pentecoste.
Dreifaltigkeitsfest; Trinitatisfest



seitaisai, seitai sai 聖体祭 (せいたいさい)
Corpus Christi Festival
Fronleichnam "Hochfest des Leibes und Blutes Christi"
. Corpus Christi Procession


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kigo for late summer

Nippon fukushasai 日本福者祭 (にっぽんふくじゃさい)
canonization day of Japan
July 7. Sometimes also celebrated on September 10.
On this day, the pope Pius 9 canonized about 250 Japanese people.



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AUTUMN


kigo for early autumn

hishootensai 被昇天祭 (ひしょうてんさい)
Feast of the Assumption
hishooten no shukujitsu 被昇天の祝日（ひしょうてんのしゅくじつ）
seibo hishootensai 聖母被昇天祭（せいぼひしょうてんさい）Assumption of Mary
seibosai 聖母祭（せいぼさい）
August 15. Mariä Himmelfahrt
fukuremanjuu no iwaibi ふくれ饅頭の祝日（ふくれまんじゅうのいわいび）
day for celebrating whith puffed manju ricecakes
. . . CLICK here for Photos of the manju from Nagasaki!




seibo seishinsai 聖母聖心祭 (せいぼせいしんさい)
The Immaculate Heart of Mary
August 22


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source :　www.pinterest.com
Hand painted Virgin Mary as Daruma Doll


kigo for mid-autumn

seibo seitansai 聖母生誕祭 (せいぼせいたんさい)
Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
..... gyooseisai 暁星祭（ぎょうせいさい）
September 8
Naşterea Sf. Fecioare Maria / Nativity of the Virgin Mary;
aka “Sântămăria Mică” / ”Little St. Mary’s” in Romania




juujikasai, juujika sai 十字架祭 (じゅうじかさい)
Exaltation of the Cross
juujika no shoosan no shukujitsu 十字架の称讃の祝日
（じゅうじかのしょうさんのしゅくじつ）
Triumph of the Holy Cross.
September 14




. sei Mikaeru sai 聖ミカエル祭 (せいみかえるさい)
Feast of Saint Michael
September 29



tenshisai, tenshi sai 天使祭 (てんしさい)
"festival of angels" . Angel Festival
shugo no tenshi no iwaibi
守護の天使の祝日（しゅごのてんしのいわいび）
celebration day for the protector angles
October 2




- Reference -


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kigo for late autumn

. rozario no seibo no hi ロザリオの聖母の日（ろざりおのせいぼのひ）
Our Lady of the Rosary
rozario sai, rosariosai ロザリオ祭 (ろざりおさい)"Feast of the Rosary"
October 7



. Banseietsu 万聖節 (ばんせいせつ) All Saints' Day
Allerheiligen
November 1



. Shareisai 諸霊祭 (しょれいさい) All Souls Day
Allerseelen
November 1



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WINTER

kigo for early winter

. kanshasai 感謝祭 (かんしゃさい) Thanksgiving
..... shuukaku kanshasai 収穫感謝祭（しゅうかくかんしゃさい）
harvest thanksgiving
sometimes placed in mid-autumn


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Day of Saint Xavier
Sei Sabieru no hi 聖ザビエルの日 (せいざびえるのひ)
December 3
Sei Furanshisuko Sabieru shi sai no iwaibi
聖フランシスコ＝ザビエル司祭の祝日
（せいふらんしすこざびえるしさいのいわいび）
Sabieru no iwaibi ザビエルの祝日（ざびえるのいわいび）
Sei Sabieru sai 聖ザビエル祭（せいざびえるさい）
Feast for Saint Xavier

Saint Francis Xavier, born Francisco de Jaso y Azpilicueta (7 April 1506, Javier, Navarre – 3 December 1552, Shangchuan Island, China) was a pioneering Roman Catholic missionary born in the Kingdom of Navarre (Spain) and co-founder of the Society of Jesus.
He was influential in the spreading and upkeep of Catholicism most notably in India, but also ventured into Japan, Borneo, the Moluccas, and other areas which had thus far not been visited by Christian missionaries.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. WKD : Xavier, Saint Francis Xavier,
sei Sabieru 聖ザビエル 　(1506 - 1552)


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. advent, taikoosetsu 待降節 (たいこうせつ)

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"Madonna of the Snow"
painted by Sister Teresa, a Carmelite nun of the Holy Trinity convent ~ Chofu-shi, Tokyo.

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kigo for mid-winter

seitaisetsu 聖胎節 せいたいせつ
day of the Immaculate Conception (of Virgin Mary)
Feast of the Immaculate Conception
December 8
..... dootei Sei Maria nugenzai no onyadori no iwaibi
童貞聖マリア無原罪の御孕りの祝日
（どうていせいまりあむげんざいのおんやどりのいわいび）
mugenzai no Sei Maria no saijitsu
無原罪の聖マリアの祭日 （むげんざいのせいまりあのさいじつ）
Maria no onyadori no hi
マリア様の御孕りの日（まりあさまのおんやどりのひ）


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. Christmas
kurisumasu クリスマス Christmas, Weihnachten
December 25, 26
kirisuto kootansai キリスト降誕祭（きりすとこうたんさい）
birth of Christ
..... kootansai 降誕祭（こうたんさい）
..... seitansai 聖誕祭（せいたんさい）"holy birthday"
..... gokootansetsu 御降誕節（ごこうたんせつ）

seiju 聖樹（せいじゅ）"holy tree", Tannenbaum


kurisumasu oo-uridashi
クリスマス大売出し（くりすますおおうりだし）
Christmas sale

kurisumasu ibu クリスマスイブ Christmas eve
evening of December 24

seiya 聖夜（せいや）Holy Night
seiyageki 聖夜劇（せいやげき）"Holy Night performance"
Krippenspiel

kurisumasu kaado クリスマスカード Christmas card
kurisumasu kyaroru クリスマスキャロル Christmas carol
Weihnachtslied

seika 聖菓（せいか）"Holy Cake", Christmas cake


Day of the Holy Family
seikazoku no hi 聖家族の日 (せいかぞくのひ)
seikazoku no jujitsu 聖家族の主日（せいかぞくのしゅじつ）
nazareto no seikazoku no iwaibi
ナザレトの聖家族の祝日（なざれとのせいかぞくのいわいび）
Festival Day of the Holy Family from Nazareth


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Day of Saint John
Sei Johanne no hi 聖ヨハネの日 (せいよはねのひ)
..... Sei Johanne no iwaibi
聖ヨハネの祝い日（せいよはねのいわいび）
December 27

John the Apostle
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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kigo for late winter

. Candlemass. seishokusai 聖燭祭 (せいしょくさい)
..... shu no hooken 主の奉献（しゅのほうけん）
Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
主の迎接祭(しゅのげいせつさい)
February 2


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. Epiphany, koogen no hi
公現の日 こうげんのひ
Three Kings Day, January 6
gokoogen 御公現（ごこうげん）
ju no gokoogen no iwaibi
主の御公現の祝日（しゅのごこうげんのいわいび）


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observance kigo for the New Year

hatsu misa 初弥撒 (はつミサ) first missa, first mass
..... misa hajime 弥撒始（ミサはじめ）
kami no haha seibo maria no iwai 神の母聖マリアの祝日
（かみのははせいマリアのいわいび）
celebrating Maria, mother of God
Erste Messe



SAIJIKI – NEW YEAR OBSERVANCES


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topics for haiku

baiburu バイブル bible, die Bibel
seisho 聖書 the holy scirptures, die Heilige Schrift


バイブルをよむ寂しさよ花の雨
baiburu o yomu sabishisa yo hana no ame

this loneliness
when reading the bible -
rain on cherry blossoms

. Sugita Hisajo 杉田久女 (1890 - 1946) .
with more translations of this poem




胸の上聖書は重し鳥雲に
mune no ue seisho wa omoshi tori kumo ni

on my chest
the bible is heavy . . .
birds into clouds

Nomiyama Asuka 野見山朱鳥
(1920-1970)


. tori kumo ni iru 鳥雲に入る .
birds disappear in the clouds



カステラと聖書の厚み春深し
kasutera to seisho no atsumi haru fukashi

Castella cake
and the thickness of the bible -
spring deepens

Iwabuchi Kiyoko 岩淵喜代子


Castella found its way to Japan from Nagasaki, just as Christianity.

. kasutera カステラ Kastella, Castella - chiffon cake, sponge cake .


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crescent moon --
a pressed rose falls
from the family bible

- Shared by Deborah Barbour Lundy -
Joys of Japan, 2012




August chill
the crisp pages
of an old bible

- Shared by Ella Wagemakers -
Joys of Japan, 2012




church blast --
blood droplets
on the bible　

L Otakwa
Kenya, October 2012

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sanbika　賛美歌　 bible hymn, hymns - Hymne


賛美歌や足長くらげ掌にとろけ
sambika ya ashinaga kurage te ni toroke

this hymn -
a jelly fish with long legs
melts in my palm


. Mitsuhashi Takajo 三橋鷹女 .

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guregorio seika グレゴリオ聖歌 Gregorian Church Songs
cantus gregorianus, Gregorian chant, Gregorianischer Choral


グレゴリオ聖歌の坂の花林檎
guregorio seika no saka no hana-ringo

Gregorian hymns
at the slope
with apple blossoms

Ishihara Yatsuka 石原八束
(1919-1998)


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February 7, 2012
shared by Johnny Baranski, Joys of Japan, February 2012

St. Paul Miki,
today is the feast of St. Paul Miki, a Jesuit brother born in Tounucamada, Japan in the 1500s who was martyred for preaching the Gospel with 25 other Catholics; they were crucified on a hill overlooking the city of Nagasaki. They were canonized in 1862, about the same time Christianity returned to Japan. Though a minority religion in Japan the largest concentration of Catholics is in and around Nagasaki. The Catholic Cathedral in that city was the epicenter of the atomic bomb dropped there toward the end of WWII.

quote
MARY MIRACULOUS
Johnny Baranski

described as half bleached white and charcoal black she's called "Atomic Bombed Maria." her remains were found amid the ruins of Urakami Catholic Cathedral in Nagasaki, Japan after the city was flattened by the nuclear weapon dubbed "fat man" on August 9th, 1945; that is, only the statue's head, it being all that was still intact. weep not for her, however, for her hollow wooden visage is no specter of death. instead its muted voice joins those around the world calling for disarmament. believers say whatever is asked for through her shall be granted.

disfigured by the BOMB
the Virgin's likeness too
a Hibakusha*

* The surviving victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are called hibakusha -a Japanese word that literally translates to "explosion-affected people.”

source : www.ahapoetry.com/ahalynx



source :　isshin3_ph
被爆マリア聖堂 hibaku Maria


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ふるさとのマリアの涙原爆忌
furusato no Maria no namida genbaku ki

in my homeland
the tears of Maria -
Atom Bomb Memorial Day

Yamaguchi Momori 山口桃里
source :twitter junfuugetsu

. Selected by Kaneko Tohta at Asahi Haidan .
金子兜太　選, Heisei 22 (2010)



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Worldwide use


26 December -- St Stephen, the earliest martyr of the church.
St Stephen's Day

more about
. The twelve days of Christmas 　


. . . . .


For more Christian Celebrations and Festivals (feasts)
please check here

. . . . WKD : ABC-INDEX 　



*****************************
Things found on the way


Gründonnerstag in Deutschland
(auch Hoher, Heiliger oder Weißer Donnerstag bzw. Palmdonnerstag)
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Maundy Thursday in England
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Ideology and Christianity in Japan
By Kiri Paramore
ISBN: 978-0-415-60371-3

Ideology and Christianity in Japan shows the major role played by Christian-related discourse in the formation of early-modern and modern Japanese political ideology.

The book traces a history development of anti-Christian ideas in Japan from the banning of Christianity by the Tokugawa shogunate in the early 1600s, to the use of Christian and anti-Christian ideology in the construction of modern Japanese state institutions at the end of the 1800s. Kiri Paramore recasts the history of Christian-related discourse in Japan in a new paradigm showing its influence on modern thought and politics and demonstrates the direct links between the development of ideology in the modern Japanese state, and the construction of political thought in the early Tokugawa shogunate.

Demonstrating hitherto ignored links in Japanese history between modern and early-modern, and between religious and political elements this book will appeal to students and scholars of Japanese history, religion and politics.
source : www.routledge.com


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THE HEBREW LUNAR CALENDAR

Nisan was determined by a celestial event. The Nisan moon was the first moon that would become a full moon after the passing of the spring equinox. Nisan thereby marked the first month of the year on the Hebrew calendar for the religious year. The Nisan moon, confirmed by the ripening of the barley harvest determined the month in which Passover would be celebrated.
source : endtimepilgrim.org



Nisan moon
at Gethsemane ~
third sunrise

- Shared by Elaine Andre
Joys of Japan, 2012



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HAIKU




回転木馬は降誕祭の星となる　　
kaiten mokuba wa kootansai no hoshi to naru

this merry-go-round
on Christmas Day
becomes a star

Senda Yoko (Senda Yooko) 仙田洋子 (1962 - )


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釘うてる天主の手足露の花園
kugi uteru tenshu (deusu デウス ) no teashi tsuyu no kaho

The Lord's hands and feet,
with the nails hammered through them---
dewdrops on blossoms.

Composed 1927.
On a business trip to Nagasaki, in Kyushu, I visited the Ooura Catholic Church and the image of Jesus on the cross in the flower garden. Nails in his hands and feet. Dewdrops on the flowers in the garden. I thought of the blood flowing on his hands and feet.
. Yamaguchi Seishi 山口誓子 .

Comment by the translators Kodaira and Marks
Nagasaki was one of the principal areas of missionary activity when Christianity was introduced to Japan in the sixteenth century. Ooura Catholic Church was built in 1864 and dedicated to 26 Christians crucified in 1597. Today the church has been designated a national treasure.



長崎 大浦天主堂 Oura Cathedral Nagasaki


More haiku written by Seishi in Nagasaki

露の花圃天主（デウス）を祈るもの来たる
露の花圃神父童に語ります
主の前の日焼童に聖寵（ガラス）あれ
旅びとや夏ゆふぐれの主に見（まみ）ゆ

source :　haiku weekly

*****************************
Related words

***** . Saints and their Memorial Days 　

***** . Shrovetide (Maslenitsa) - Russia .

***** . Noah's ark - Die Arche Noah - ノアの箱舟.

***** . Holy Innocents .
December 28

***** . Karematsu Jinja 枯松神社 and hidden Christians .
Nagasaki


***** . Jewish Holidays and Celebrations .



***** . SAIJIKI
OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS, RITUALS


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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Summer entertainment

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Summer entertainment and toys

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Summer
***** Category: Humanity

*****************************
Explanation

Entertainment in summer, outdoors, mostly done in the cooler evening hours.


For more activities, like summer skiing, swimming
see

.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Summer 　

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kigo for all summer


mizutama 水玉 ( みずたま) "water balls"
A toy for children.
Glass balls or beads filled with colored water are used for decorations or small hairpins or pins for the robes. They can be round or in the form of gourds.


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shoonoobune 樟脳舟 (しょうのうぶね) "mothball boat"
A toy for children.
A plastic toy boat has a mothball made of camphor tied to its back. As the mothball dissolves in water, the boat is moved along the water surface.
This is enjoyed in night stalls along the road or at home in a small basin.


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suichuuka 水中花 (すいちゅうか)
"flowers under water"
..... shuchuuka 酒中花（しゅちゅうか） "flowers immersed in sake"

Artificial flowers, made from various colorful materials, which unfold when placed in water.
They are used to entertain visitors with a feeling of freshness.
They were quite popular in Edo when enjoying a drink with friends.


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. Tatebanko Diorama Toys
立版古（たてばんこ） 　


. yobanashi 夜話 "night story" 　




yomise 夜店 (よみせ) night stalls
..... 夜見世（よみせ）
hoshimise 干見世（ほしみせ）
Stalls with food and simple games along the river banks, temple and shrine access roads, parks and other wide areas.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Verkaufsstand an einer nächtlichen Straße.


引いて来し夜店車をまだ解かず
hiite kishi yomiseguruma o mada tokazu

pulling along
with his night stall cart,
but not yet unpacked

Takahama Kyoshi

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kingyouri kingyo uri 金魚売 (きんぎょうり)
vendor of goldfish
They carried their fish in buckets on a shoulder pole, walking the streets of Edo in summer, to entertain the children. Later they came on bicycles with a cart.


一本の道を微笑の金魚売　　
ippon no michi o mishoo no kingyo uri

a goldfish seller
with a smile
on this straight road

Hirahata Seito (Hirahata Seitoo) 平畑静塔
　　　　　　　　　

Goldfish and brocade carps ... KIGO
Goldfishbowl and more


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shinnai nagashi 新内ながし (しんないながし)
Shinnai street singers
..... nagashi ながし
kowairo nagashi 声色ながし（こわいろながし）
fune nagashi 舟ながし（ふねながし）
They were usually two, one singer and one playing the shamisen. They walked along busy roads, giving a performance and earning some money. Sometimes they were called inside to a restaurant to play for the guests.
The songs related to the bunraku plays (shinnaibushi 新内節)



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tsukuri-ame, tsukuriame 作り雨 (つくりあめ) man-made rain
tsukuridaki 作り滝（つくりだき）man-made waterfall
Many expensive restaurants would poor water on the roofs and have it drop down to cool the garden, like a sprinkler.



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kigo for all mid-summer

. hotaru uri, hotaru-uri 蛍売 (ほたるうり) vendor of fireflies



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kigo for late summer


. hanabi 花火 はなび firework display


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suikawari, suika wari 西瓜割り (すいかわり)
splitting a watermelon
smashing a watermelon
This is one of the most popular game with children, on the beach or at a home party. Once the watermelon is split, all get a piece to eat.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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yagai ensoo 野外演奏 (やがいえんそう)
outdoor music performance
yagai eiga 野外映画（やがいえいが）outdoor moovie
..... nooryoo eiga 納涼映画（のうりょうえいが）"movie in the evening cool"
yagai geki 野外劇（やがいげき）outdoor theater performance
yagai baree 野外バレー（やがいばれー）outdoor ballet performance
yagai paatii 野外パーティー（やがいぱーてぃー） outdoor party




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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way


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HAIKU




*****************************
Related words

***** Autumn and entertainment

***** suika スイカ　西瓜 water melon

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Home - house - Haus

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Living at home in all seasons

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Humanity

*****************************
Explanation



The traditional Japanese farmhouse or city home is built with wood, paper, mud walls and a reed roof. So you feel the seasons very strongly.
There is not so much furniture in the traditional home.

It is built for many generations to live together and also provide a space to entertain visitors.

Here are some season words concerned with the various preparations and items used at home to feel comfortable at any time of the year.




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SPRING

harudanro 春暖炉 (はるだんろ) heating in spring
..... haru no danro 春の暖炉（はるのだんろ）stove in spring
Heating in winter



harugotatsu 春炬燵 (はるごたつ) kotatsu in spring
..... haru no kotatsu 春の炬燵（はるのこたつ）
..... haru no kotatsu 春の火燵（はるのこたつ）
. KOTATSU in alls seasons





haru no ro 春の炉 (はるのろ) hearth in spring
..... haruro, haru-ro 春炉（はるろ）
It is still wellcome to provide warmth in the kitchen. Often this is also a kind of irori open hearth where the whole family gathers.



harushooji 春障子 (はるしょうじ) sliding doors in spring
..... haru no shooji 春の障子（はるのしょうじ）
The spring sunshine now feels warm through the thin paper panes of the sliding doors. It feels good to enjoy the evening sunshine of the lengthening days.



haru hibachi 春火鉢 (はるひばち) brazier in spring
haru hioke, haru hi-oke


shuntoo 春燈 (しゅんとう) lamplight in spring
..... haru no hi 春の燈（はるのひ）
..... harutomoshi, haru tomoshi 春燈（はるともし）
haru no shoku 春の燭（はるのしょく）candlestick in spring
The soft light adds to the misty nights of spring.


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mid-spring

kitamado hiraku 北窓開く (きたまどひらく) opening the north window
and more WINDOW kigo for all seasons


mebari hagu 目貼剥ぐ (めばりはぐ ) taking off the window seals
They are made of paper and put on at the beginning of winter.


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late spring

danro osamu 暖炉納む (だんろおさむ) packing the stove away
..... danro hazusu 晩春 暖炉外す（だんろはずす）
..... stoobu nozoku ストープ除く（すとーぶのぞく）


ro fusagi 炉塞 (ろふさぎ) closing the irori open hearth
ro no nagori 炉の名残（ろのなごり）
..... robuta 炉蓋（ろぶた）cover for the irori
Stove in winter


kotatsu 炬燵塞ぐ (こたつふさぐ) packing the kotatsu away
..... kotatsu no nagori) 炬燵の名残（こたつのなごり）
. KOTATSU in alls seasons



shunkyuu 春窮 famine in spring


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.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Spring


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SUMMER


Blinds, summer curtains (sudare)
Inclucing bamboo blinds, seating mats (goza), rattan chairs (too isu) and a few more summer items for the home.


hiyoke 日除 (ひよけ) sun shade cover
hiooi, hi ooi 日覆（ひおおい）
similar to a sudare, but made from cotton cloth or other material.


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amido 網戸 (あみど ) screen door
amimado 網窓（あみまど）window screen
amishooji 網障子（あみしょうじ） sliding door screen
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
With so many insects around in summer, these screen protectors are absolutely necessray to keep the home aired, but clean. They are a modern version of the mosquito nets used only during the night in the Edo period.



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barukonii バルコニー balcony
beranda ベランダ veranda
terasu テラス terrace
rodai 露台 (ろだい) terrace


花房の吹かれころべる露台かな
hanafusa no fukare koroberu rodai kana

a bunch of flowers
blown and tumbling down
on the veranda . . .

Sugita Hisajo 杉田久女 (1890-1946)


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. natsu hibachi 夏火鉢（なつひばち） brazier in summer



. natsu noren 夏暖簾 (なつのれん) noren for summer
asa noren 麻暖簾（あさのれん） noren made from hemp cloth



. natsu tomoshi 夏燈 (なつともし) lamplight in summer
..... natsu no hi 夏の燈（なつのひ）
hi suzushi 燈涼し（ひすずし）cool lamp light



natsu yakata 夏館 (なつやかた) home in summer
.... natsu yashiki 夏邸（なつやしき）
natsu no yado 夏の宿（なつのやど） lodging in summer
living at home in summer, many more KIGO



. natsu zashiki 夏座敷 sitting room in summer




MORE summer appliances are to be found here

.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Summer 　



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AUTUMN


Autumn in your home ...
KIGO LIST

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WINTER


fuyuzashiki 冬座敷 (ふゆざしき) Japanese living room in winter

Things to keep the house warm
KIGO LIST


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NEW YEAR


New Year Decorations


hakizome 掃初 (はきぞめ) first cleaning the home
Cleaning the home, broom and more Japan






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Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way




yarido 　遣り戸, 鑓戸, 槍戸
sliding door made of wood, at the outside of a home or estate
nowadays an amado　雨戸　"rain door"
made of wood or now of metal or plastic.

yaridoguchi 遣り戸口 entrance/exit with a yarido
first used in the Heian period
Many merchant houses could close with a large wooden shutter at night and keep a small yarido for business at night.


kamoi 鴨居 a narrow piece of wood that passes over the sliding doors and around an entire Japanese room.


秋風の鑓戸の口やとがり声
akikaze no yarido no kuchi ya togarigoe

autumn wind
through the opening of the sliding door -
this piercing sound
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in寛文7年, Basho age 24

This is a pun with the sound YARI, which can also mean a spear 槍, piercing through the door to hit an enemy.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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. buke yashiki 武家屋敷 Samurai Residence .

genkan 玄関 entrance hall

. hisashi　廂 - 庇 eaves, canopy .
kobisashi 小庇 small caonpy

machiya　町屋 "city house" in Kyoto

. mado 窓 window .

. Mon 門　(kado) gate, entrance .

nooka 　農家　farmhouse, Bauernhaus

. Ranma 欄間 transom .

shooka 商家　merchant house

. yajiri　屋尻　back of a farmhouse .


- yane 屋根 roof -





quote
Nihon Minkaen Kawasaki 日本民家園
Minkaen is a splendid Open-Air Folk House Museum in Japan, located in Kawasaki city,adjacent to Metropolitan Tokyo. It is known for the remarkable collection of old Japanese folk houses, such as farms and merchant houses. Many of them are the important cultural properties of Japan. The essence of traditional Japanese architecture, beauty and functionality, are well reflected even in Japanese folk houses.

To conserve these valuable historic buildings from the past, the city of Kawasaki began to re-erect original buildings of Edo period in Minkaen.
source : www.city.kawasaki.jp




*****************************
HAIKU
. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


how uneasy and tense you must feel in a house built on rock

雪散るやきのふは見へぬ借家札
yuki chiru ya kinoo wa mienu shakuya-fuda

scattering snowflakes
new sign up today --
house for rent
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the 9th month (October) of 1813, the year Issa finally returned to live in his hometown. It's in Issa's collected works 3.173. In a posthumous collection published by Issa's students in 1829, the short headnote by Issa translated above is placed before the hokku.

The house must be built on an outcropping of bedrock, and the idea of not living directly on the earth seems strange to Issa. I don't know whether Issa was familiar with Feng shui (Japanese Fuusui) geomancy or not, but he did study the Chinese classics to a certain extent. In any case, he feels the present owner must be leaving because of anxiety and stress caused by his/her inability to live in direct contact with the soil. It is still autumn, but light snow has already begun to come down in Issa's hometown and the area around it in the snow country. Scattered snowflakes fall here and there on the rock beneath the house, and it's unlikely anyone will rent the house in the cold, snowy months ahead. The location of the house and ominous timing of the sign together suggest the house will probably remain empty for quite a while.

In the following month, the 10th month (November), Issa revised the hokku a little (collected works 3.269):

yuki chiru ya kinoo wa mienu akiya-fuda

scattering snowflakes
new sign up today --
empty house

By then it must have been obvious no one was interested in renting it for the winter.

Chris Drake


..........................................................................


a blessing for your new house --

年立や雨おちの石凹む迄
toshi tatsu ya ama-ochi no ishi hekomu made　

may many years come --
until the rain-drip stones
are hollowed out
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the 9th month (October) of 1822, though Issa indicates by putting the character for 'spring' above it in his diary that it is intended to be formally read again at New Year's, three months later. Perhaps the new house is scheduled to be finished by New Year's. For part of the 9th month Issa was visiting students who lived near his hometown, so one of them may be building a new house, as indicated by the headnote.

Traditional Japanese houses and buildings didn't use gutters. Instead, they used rows of cut stone that ran along the ground below the edges of the eaves. Smaller houses tended to use single rows of stone, while temples, mansions, and larger structures often used two rows of cut stone with a zone running between them filled with small stones or large gravel. Rain spilling down from the eaves fell onto these rain-drip stones and was drained off. Without the stones, rain would erode the ground beneath, forming troughs under the eaves. Of course the stones themselves will be very gradually worn down in the middle by dripping raindrops, but they normally last several decades.



Issa's hokku blessing gains power from it obliqueness. A few wealthy farmers used drip-stones beneath their thatched roofs, but the stones were more common below the eaves of town houses with tile roofs, so probably this is a tile-roof house with at least one row of cut stones running around it. Instead of praising the new house's appearance, however, Issa makes an understated prayer that the almost invisible rain-drip stones last many decades. Long-lived wood houses were not common in Japan's wet climate without extensive upkeep, so Issa's prayer is very appropriate.

Eventually the stones will be worn down or hollowed out in the places where the most drops fall, but they are one of the most reliable and durable parts of the house. Though easily overlooked, they are able to suggest the whole house and even the lifespan of the owner, while rain suggests the problems and difficulties the owner will probably face in his life, so the enduring drip-stones will be an important support for him in the future. I imagine the owner of the house -- Issa's student and patron? -- was very glad to get this hokku, whose power stands behind its prayer.




This photo shows the rain-drip stones under the eaves of the Ryoanji Rinzai zen temple in Kyoto. The stones also go around the amazing rock garden directly under the eaves of the small roofs protecting the garden walls. I have to admit that when I went to Ryoanji I was so overwhelmed by the garden I didn't even notice the rain-drip stones. Thank you, Issa, for enlarging my consciousness!

Chris Drake

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過去がすぐ暗がりとなる春障子
kako ga sugu kuragari to naru haru shooji

the past
soon becomes darkness -
sliding doors in spring

Kaneko Shin 金子晋 (1932 - )


*****************************
Related words

***** Homeland, Hometown (furusato) Japan
Heimat, Fatherland, Motherland


. HUMANITY KIGO
for all seasons



***** Thatched Hut（iori) )
an　庵 hermitage, hut, yado 宿 my home
Bashoo an　芭蕉庵　at Fukagawa
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Winter feeling cold

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Feeling cold in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity

*****************************
Explanation

Winter is a time when we feel cold and like to stay home to keep warm.

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Kigo for early winter


konohagami 木の葉髪 (このはがみ) "leafy hair"
ko no ha gami (winter fallen hair)
old name for the tenth lunar month

It shows the time when leaves fall and stick to your hair if you walk outside.


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Kigo for mid-winter



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Kigo for late winter


fubukidaore 吹雪倒れ (ふぶきだおれ)
perish in a snowstorm
fukidaore 吹雪倒れ（ふきだおれ）



hibi 胼 (ひび) chapped hand, chapped skin
hibi kusuri 胼薬（ひびぐすり）medicine for chapped skin
akagire 皸 (あかぎれ)"red cut" chapped fingers
akagiri あかぎり
akagire kusuri 皸薬（あかぎれぐすり）
medicine for chapped skin and hands
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Especially in olden times, when housewifes had only cold water for the housework, winter was a hard time for the skin of the hands.
Schrunde, rissige Haut



kajikamu 悴む (かじかむ) frozen with cold
kajikeru 悴ける（かじける）
kogoyu こごゆ, be unable to move because of the cold
steif vor Kälte sein



shimoyake 霜焼 (しもやけ) frostbite
shibobare 霜腫（しもばれ）
toosoo 凍瘡（とうそう）
shimoyakegusuri 霜焼薬（しもやけぐすり）medicine for frostbite
..... tooshoo 凍傷 (とうしょう) congelation frostbite



tooshi 凍死 (とうし) freeze to death; die of cold
..... kogoejini 凍え死（こごえじに）
Many old farmhouses are hard to heat and nowadays, homeless come to death on the street during cold nights.



yukime, yuki me 雪眼 (ゆきめ )
"snow eyes", snow blindness
..... setsumoo 雪盲（せつもう）

yuki megane 雪眼鏡 (ゆきめがね) snow glasses
Schneebrille




yukiyake 雪焼 (ゆきやけ)
snowbite, frostbite from the cold
or
having a sunburn by the reflection of sun on snow


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Kigo for all winter


futokorode 懐手 (ふところで) hands in the pockets



hinata boko, hinataboko 日向ぼこ (ひなたぼこ)
to take a sunbath in winter, to sit in the winter sunshine
hinata bokko 日向ぼっこ（ひなたぼっこ）
hinata bokori 日向ぼこり（ひなたぼこり）
hinata bokoo 日向ぼこう（ひなたぼこう）
ein Sonnenbad nehmen



iki shiroshi 息白し (いきしろし) breath is white
shiraiki, shira iki 白息（しらいき）white breath



kanei, kan-ei 寒影 (かんえい ) cold shadow
fuyu no kage 冬の影（ふゆのかげ）
samuki kage 寒き影（さむきかげ）




teashi aru, te-ashi aru 手足荒る (てあしある)
rough and dry skin for hands and feet
kao aru 顔荒る（かおある）rough, dry face skin
hada aru 肌荒る（はだある）rough, dry skin
(hada are はだあれ【肌荒れ】 )
fuyuhada 冬肌（ふゆはだ）winter skin
kanare, kan ara 寒荒（かんあれ）rough and dry skin in the cold season
The air is often dry and the heaters keep the home air dry too, so many suffer from extremely dry skin (and a lot of creams are sold to help improve the condition).
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


木の葉髪文芸ながく欺きぬ
ko-no-ha gami bungei nagaku azamukinu


. Nakamura Kusatao 中村草田男　(1901-1983) .




More haiku with konohagami
http://www.haisi.com/saijiki/konohagami.htm



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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


..... Warm Things to keep you warm in Winter in Japan
A KIGO list......
..... Including stove, furniture, clothing and food.



***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


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Winter Games Enjoyment

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]

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Games enjoyed in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Children enjoy many games in winter, here are just a few as kigo.


snowball fight (yuki gassen)

stilts .. takeuma, takashi

winter Sports (soccer, ski and more)


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Kigo for early winter



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Kigo for mid-winter



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Kigo for late winter



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Kigo for all winter


aojashin 青写真 (あおじゃしん) blueprint
nikkoo shashin 日光写真（にっこうしゃしん） "sunshine photo"
Take a photo with the rays of the sunshine. Children used to make simple photos by exposing the image for a long time.




ayatori 綾取 (あやとり/ 綾取り)
play at cat's cradle
. . . CLICK here for Photos !




nawatobi 縄飛 (なわとび) skipping rope, jumping rope
tsunatobi 綱飛（つなとび）

nawatobi uta 縄飛唄（なわとびうた）
song for the skipping rope




nekki uchi, nekkiuchi 根木打 (ねっきうち) "hitting the root"
koogai uchi 笄打（こうがいうち）
hera uchi 箆打（へらうち）
tsukushi uchi つくし打（つくしうち）
nenboo ねん棒（ねんぼう）, nenki 、ねん木（ねんき）
nengara ねんがら
A hard wooden stick of about 30 to 60 cm is used to hammer on the earth, Then the next player comes with his stick and tried to bring it to fall down, while his own stick stands out.
It is still popular in the San-In area of Western Japan.


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oshikuramanjuu, oshikura manjuu
押しくら饅頭 (おしくらまんじゅう)
push and shove game



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


一人づつ減る夕寒を根木打
hitorizutsu heru yuukan o nekki uchi

one after the other
is leaving in the evening cold -
"hitting the root"

Suga Raba 菅裸馬 (1883 - 1971)


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Related words

. Games and Toys for the New Year 　


***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


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