Pacific Saury (sanma)

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Pacific Saury (Cololabis saira)

***** Location: Japan, northern pacific ocean areas
***** Season: Late autumn
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation

mackerel pike, Pacific saury, saury pike, sanma
秋刀魚 (さんま)
Literally: autumn sword fish
[Cololabis saira]

also called “さいら saira” in Japanese.

net for fishing saury, sanma ami 秋刀魚網（さんまあみ）





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This is a typical fish that is eaten in autumn everywhere in Japan.

The Chinese characters for the name read: autumn swordfish, as you can see on the picture it is very long and narrow. The belly part shines a beautiful silvery. It is about 30 cm long and fished in great numbers in the northern seas of Japan. In autumn it is full of delicious fat, which makes it an appropriate fish for barbequeing.

Every Japanese eye turns towards heaven and they go “oooooh” if you just mention the name.

Saury is not really gourmet food, it is rather cheap in the season and used to be eaten by the poor folk of EDO. When one family grilled it outside, the whole row house district (nagaya) would smell it and be envious ...


On the map below you can see how it comes down from the colder sea towards Northern Japan.




Here is its worth as a food source:

たんぱく質 ・protein・・・・・・・・・　　　18.5ｇ
ビタミンＡ・Vitamin A・・・・・・・・・・　13μｇ
ビタミンＤ・Vitamin D・・・・・・・・・・　19μｇ
カルシウム・Calcium・・・・・・・・　　　　32ｍｇ
鉄分・・・・Iron ・・・・・・・・・・　　　1.4ｍｇ
ＤＨＡ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・　 1,398ｍｇ
ＥＰＡ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・　　 844ｍｇ
http://www.samma.jp/sanma.htm


Gabi Greve

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Another delicacy with this fish is a form of sushi 寿司：

Sanma-zushi
This is a sugata-zushi 姿寿司, keeping the whole shape of the fish, whose recipe is to open freshly-harvested saury pike in Kumano-nada which come into season from autumn to winter with its head unchopped-off, soak it in orange vinegar, and put it on rice seasoned with vinegar.

The unique orange flavor tastes better as you chew it, and spreading deep into the mouth is an essential meal for local festivals and New Year.
http://wiwi.co.jp/kanko/world/english/relax/gourmet.html

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Meguro no Sanma



Grilling Sanma on a small brazier “Shichirin” and adding some soy sauce is the most popular recipe. “Shichirin” is a traditional Japanese charcoal cooking stove, which was used in many households but gradually gave way to gas cookers. You can still see them used in some barbecue restaurants. There are other ways to serve Sanma, such as in Sushi-style, broiled, boiled, fried and in sashimi-style.

A Meguro citizen might be interested in the famous story of “Meguro-no Sanma” in Rakugo(Japanese traditional sit-down comedy).

The story of “Meguro no Sanma”

A long ago, sometime around the Edo Period, the Shogun felt hungry while he was performing falconry in Meguro. He dropped by a teahouse, where he was served a grilled Sanma (which was ordinary people's every day dish).
He loved it so much and this became the origin of the name “Meguro-no Sanma”.
©　www.city.meguro.tokyo.jp

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


Monday, Sep. 5, 2011
quote from Japan Times
Soaked Miyako signals return at 'sanma' festival
The organizer of Tokyo's annual "sanma" festival in Meguro Ward on Sunday asked participants to donate money to the town of Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, after the tsunami-ravaged fishing port managed to ship its famed saury to Tokyo in time for the free event.

Miyako is known for its sanma, which are an autumn delicacy. Despite the massive damage inflicted by the March 11 catastrophe, Miyako's fishermen supplied the fish to the festival free of charge, as usual.

"We want to make this smoke from the charcoal fire a sign of our recovery" from the quake and tsunami, a Miyako official in charge of the project said as people chowed down some of the town's 7,000 sanma on a street near JR Meguro Station.

Canned sanma produced by students at Miyako Fisheries High School, which lost a training boat in the tsunami, were also sold at the festival.

The neighborhood of Meguro, which gained notoriety for being mentioned in a "rakugo" (comic storytelling) tale about sanma, began the fish festival 16 years ago.

In one humorous story, "Meguro no Sanma" ("The Saury of Meguro"), a shogun enjoying a grilled sanma in Meguro mistakenly believes the town is famous for catching the fish, although it doesn't have a fishing port.

The fish, in fact, was a cheap and popular food among the poorer residents of Meguro.

source : japantimes.co.jp


. Japan after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011　.


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HAIKU




sanma no o hi wa gasagasa to susumu nari

Tail of a Pacific saury ­
The sun goes on
Making low noises

http://www.big.or.jp/~loupe/links/ehaiku.shtml

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Grilling this fish outside fills the whole valley with mouthwatering smoke, the cats on standby, the tanuki badgers rustling in the bamboo grove for their share of the leftovers too … and the neighbours…


sanma yaki (barbequeing saury)
the valley rejoices in
delicious smells


sanma yaki -
the neighbours quarrel
on hold

Gabi Greve 2004


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Pacific saury
smell of the ocean
in my dishwater

Leah Ann Sullivan
Nagoya, Japan


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Related words

***** ..... FISH as a kigo

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Bamboo Wife and pillow

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Bamboo Wife (chiku fujin)

***** Location: Japan, Asia
***** Season: All Summer
***** Category: Humanity
pillow, makura, see below

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Explanation

Before the advent of modern air conditioning, Asian people took to bamboo to cool down in the evening.

Woven baskets, small ones for cushions and larger ones to embrace while sleeping, to keep the cool air close to your body. They are all kigo for summer.

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"bamboo wife", chiku fujin ちくふじん 竹婦人 )
take fujin
bamboo lady
"bamboo husband" chiku fujin 竹夫人（ちくふじん）
"bamboo guy", chikudo 竹奴（ちくど）

"hug basket" dakikago 抱籠（だきかご）
sleeping companion, soine kago 添寝籠（そいねかご）

bamboo robe, take juban 竹襦袢（たけじゅばん）
... kuda juban 管襦袢（くだじゅばん)

bamboo pillow, take makura 竹枕（たけまくら）



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A Chikufujin (竹夫人) (literally "bamboo wife") is the Japanese version of a Dutch wife, a hollow bamboo form roughly the size of a human body.

The origin of the English term "Dutch wife" is thought to be from the Dutch colony of Indonesia where Dutch traders would spend long periods away from their wives.
The term in Korean jukbuin is also "bamboo wife."

The wicker or bamboo pillow-shaped "cage" is kept in the bed on hot nights to improve air circulation.

Chikufujin are hand-woven from bamboo cane.


Korean Nobleman with his bamboo wife
- - More at the WIKIPEDIA !

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Worldwide use

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Things found on the way

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HAIKU

竹婦人風の言葉でささやきぬ　
chiku fujin kaze no kotoba de sasayakinu

bamboo bride
whispering soft words
of the wind　

Endoo san 遠藤　統
http://www.gendaihaiku.gr.jp/haikukai/result/63_kouhyo.htm

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竹婦人とり合ひの子ら寝静まる
chiku fujin toriai no kora neshizumaru

wrangling with
the bamboo wife -
the kids quieten down

Akiyama Kuniko 秋山くに子
http://www.ginet.or.jp/haiku/post/05/06-1.htm

All Tr. by Gabi Greve

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この島に人来る季節竹夫人　
kono shima ni hito kuru kisetsu chiku fujin

the season
when guests come to this island -
bamboo wife

Kishimoto Naoki 岸本直樹
source : haikureikudb

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I beat it
with my bamboo stick
bamboo wife

bamboo wife
in a starched kimono ...
cold tea

wooden children
tugging at her skirt
bamboo wife

Ella Wagemakers, May 2007

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Related words

***** BAMBOO, an Asian Plant and Haiku

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makura 　枕　（まくら)　pillow
(The word PILLOW, just like that, is not a kigo.)

. temakura 手枕 hands for a pillow 　

. "Poetry Pillow words" utamakura　歌枕 　

Pillows in the Edo period where of two types.

kukuri makura くくり枕 stuffed pillow, sometimes so long it lasted for two persons


hako makura 箱枕 "pillow box" wooden box with a bit of soft cover for the head, it was ment to protect the large coiffures of people.

koo makura 香枕 fragrant pillows, filled with a bit of perfume or incence
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

kusamakura, kusa makura 草枕 pillows stuffed with grass
They were used by the very poor who could not afford anything better.

. The Grass Pillow of Matsuo Basho .
The hokku in the comments are included here.

Now let us look at some kigo.

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kigo for all summer


take makura 竹枕（たけまくら）bamboo pillow
kago makura 籠枕 (かごまくら) "basket pillow"
toomakura 籐枕（とうまくら） rattan pillow



toochin 陶枕 (とうちん) pillow made from pottery
It could be filled with cold water (in winter with hot water).
jichin 磁枕（じちん）porcelain pillow
seijichin 青磁枕（せいじちん）
hakujichin 白磁枕（はくじちん）
toojichin 陶磁枕（とうじちん）

ishimakura, ishi makura 石枕（いしまくら）pillow made from stone
kanemakura 金枕（かねまくら）pillow made from metal
takemakura 竹枕（たけまくら）pillow made from bamboo
kimakura 木枕（きまくら）pillow made from wood
kawara makura 瓦枕（かわらまくら）pillow made from rooftile earth

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kigo for early summer

. ayame no makura 菖蒲の枕 (あやめのまくら) "iris pillow" 　
for the Boy's Festival

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kigo for late autumn

. kiku makura 菊枕 (きくまくら) "chrysanthemum pillow" 　
. . . kikuchin, kiku chin 菊枕（きくちん）
. . . kiku no makura 菊の枕（きくのまくら）

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kigo for all winter

. kita makura, kitamakura 北枕（きたまくら）"pillow in the north" 　
Name for the poisonous blowfish Canthigaster rivulata.

Living people should never sleep with their pillow facing north. This is the position for placing a dead body in the home, before the funeral.

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kigo for the New Year

. Pillow with a picture of a tapir 獏枕 baku-makura 　
for the first dream

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備長炭枕すがしき虫の秋　　
binchootan makura sugashiki mushi no aki

my pillow of charcoal
just so refreshing -
autumn of the insects　

Yooko 葉子
Tr. Gabi Greve

Charcoal in Japan

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Utagawa Hiroshige

The Legend of the Stone Pillow
of Ubagaike Pond at Asakusa
(Asakusa Ubagaike no ishimakura no yûrai),

Some greedy parents (in another version, an old grandmother) had her daughter lure travellers to come to rest at their home (hitotsuya). When the traveller slept, they hit their head with the stone pillow, threw the bodies in the pond nearby and lived with the stolen money.
One day the daughter repented her bad deeds, dressed as a man and was killed by her own parents with the stone pillow.
Next morning the parents realized their mistake, went to the temple and asked Kannon Bosatsu for forgiveness.

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

夏の夜や枕にしたる筑波山
natsu no ya ya makura ni shitaru tsukuba yama

in the summer night
it's a pillow...
Mount Tsukuba



霰ちれくくり枕を負ふ子ども
arare chire kukurimakura o ou kodomo

fall, hailstones!
with pillow on his head
a child

MORE
PILLOW haiku by Issa
Tr. David Lanoue

. . . CLICK here for kukurimakura .. Photos !

. Futon 布団 bedding in Japan 　　

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 - Introduction . .

誰がための　低きまくらぞ　春の暮
taga tame no　hikuki makura zo　haru no kure

For whom it's ready?
Low pillow;
Spring evening.

The prepared pillow in bed is low.
According to critics, it's undoubtedly for a man.
The scene attracts a great deal of the Poet’s attention. Time is a spring evening. Naturally, there arises an irresistible sensuous atmosphere. But as everyone recognizes, the expression is unbelievably objective and much is left, like the opening sentence of a novel, to our own imagination, and it varies individually. Mr. Takahashi says ‘technical skill’ is, in a good sense, one of the chief distinctions of the Poet.

- source : hokuoto77.com/buson00-

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for whom
this low pillow?
spring evening

The low pillow is for a man, so it stands out as not being the norm in this woman's bedroom. Her own pillow is, by implication, also laid out in the early evening next to or near the low man's pillow. Hers is a high, woman's pillow on a wooden base designed to protect her complex hairdo while she sleeps. Right now the room may be empty in dim evening light after preparations for the night have been made. Perhaps there is a small lamp.
Or the hokku might be a rhetorical question the woman asks herself. I think there is a lot of pathos in the hokku, since the man has evidently stopped visiting the woman's house.
The word spring in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese has sensual, erotic overtones, so the male pillow may evoke a torrid relationship between the woman and the man, a relationship that now appears to have ended, though it is difficult for the woman to be sure. The man may have stayed away for a week or a month, or, if her love is very deep, she might keep laying out the man's low pillow long after the man has obviously stopped visiting. Maybe even every night for a year?

It's also possible to interpret the hokku as evoking a woman who has suddenly started laying out two pillows (and futon) and is just beginning a relationship. Or the woman might have more than one lover, and the hokku wonders which one will visit tonight. However, since "spring evening" can also mean "evening in late spring," I myself feel drawn to the reading in which the sensual relationship, like the spring, is drifting toward an end. Probably, though, Buson is trying to leave the possibilities open. In any case, the zo acts as a strong question mark and invites the reader to ask the same question while reading the hokku, turning it into a poem about love in general.

I would guess the hokku is about either an aristocratic woman, perhaps from an earlier age, or a rich woman in Buson's own period. Possibly a rich widow. So aside from the possibility of the woman asking herself, the hokku might be from the perspective of a servant who's just laid out the bedding. It would be natural for a servant to ask, though a servant might know already. The same for a family member, though it could be a relative visiting for the first time in a while. It could also be Buson's persona -- a voyeur in the dusk looking into the woman's bedroom. That seems more likely to me. And the voyeur is also inviting the reader to be a voyeur.

Chris Drake

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枕する春の流れやみだれ髪
makura suru haru no nagare ya midare gami

a stream in spring
as its pillow -
this tangled hair
Tr. Gabi Greve

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- #futon #makura #pillow -
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Persimmon (kaki)

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. Persimmon art motives and legends .
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Persimmon (kaki)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

The Japanese landscape in autumn is unthinkable without the persimmon tree. The red-orange fruit is in beautiful contrast with the clear blue autumn sky, the landscape looks peaceful.



source :　izucul.cocolog-nifty.com
kaki and autumn moon - Suzuki Ki-Itsu - 鈴木其一の‘柿に月図’


quote
Diospyros kaki Linn.
The oriental persimmon is native to China, where it has been cultivated for centuries and more than two thousand different cultivars exist. It spread to Korea and Japan many years ago where additional cultivars were developed. The plant was introduced to California in the mid 1800's.
The bitter version has been introduced to Japan in olden times and the sweet kaki came to Japan during the Kamakura period, via China.
Read more here, especially abou the many varieties grown worldwide now, like the Sharon fruit, Jiroo (Jiro) and Suruga varieties.
http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/persimmon.html


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The kaki tree is an example as to how a plant or tree can be the subject of haiku during different seasons.
Here is a list of some of the many kigo connected with kaki.


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kigo for spring
ko no me 木の芽　the buds of a tree
This is a kigo for spring, not only of the persimmon but many other trees. If you want to stress the persimmon, the kigo becomes 　
kaki konome 柿木の芽 the buds of the persimmon


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kigo for early summer

kaki wakaba 柿若葉　 young leaves of the persimmon
Among all the wakaba, the young leaves, the ones of the persimmon tree are especially bright and delightful.



kigo for mid-summer

kaki no hana 柿の花 the flowers of the persimmon
..... kaki no too 柿の薹（かきのとう）flowering stalk of the persimmon



kigo for late summer

aogaki 青柿 green persimmons


kaki no ko ya korogaru bakari natsu arashi

green persimmon babies
rolling down the slope -
thunderstorm

Gabi Greve, June 2004


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kigo for late autumn

kaki 柿 persimmon fruit


Hoshi-gaki, hoshigaki 干し柿 dried persimmons
a delicacy eaten later on in winter.
Dried kaki fruit was sometimes the only food the poor farmers in the Edo period could eat in winter, since they had to give away all their rice to the authorities for tax purposes. Therefore the kaki trees around each farm house were pure necessity to feed the hungry children.
..... kaki hosu 柿干す（かきほす）drying persimmons
..... amaboshi 甘干（あまぼし）drying to make sweet

amagaki 甘柿（あまがき） sweet persimmons
..... sazawashi きざわし、kizarashi きざらし、kizagaki きざ柿（きざがき）
koneri 木練（こねり）sweet ripe persimmon
jukushi 熟柿（じゅくし）ripe sweet persimmon
..... umigaki うみ柿（うみがき）

akagaki 赤柿（あかがき）red persimmon
the sweet ripe fruit

Shibu-gaki、shibugaki 渋柿 bitter persimmons
a special kind that is skinned and dried for preservation, then hanged on a string it becomes the the tsurushi-gaki.
..... kaki tsurusu 柿吊す（かきつるす）hanging persimmons
..... tarugaki 樽柿（たるがき）shibugaki in a barrel
korogaki ころ柿（ころがき）pealed shibugaki




Tsurushi-gaki 吊るし柿 persimmons hanged on strings to dry
a common sight in front of every farmhouse in Japan in autumn.
..... Kaki-sudare, kakisudare 柿簾
another name for the hanging kaki fruits like a woven straw curtain (sudare).
kigo for autumn
. . . . . and
. kushigaki 串柿 ( くしがき) dried persimmons on a stick .


Yama-gaki 山柿 （やまがき） mountain-persimmons
a wild kind in the forests.



kimori gaki 木守柿　/ kimamorigaki きまもりがき
One last kaki (or a few) is left on the tree to "watch over it".
also called "taking care of the children"
komorigaki こもりがき」
komamorigaki こまもりがき
Usually the kaki fruit high up in the tree are eaten by craws as a favorite feed and the fallen fruit are eaten by the badgers (tanuki) to provide for their winter fat.



Kaki no aki 柿の秋 autumn of the persimmon


Kaki momiji 柿紅葉 tinged leaves of the persimmon
The thick leaves of the persimmon show a special coloring in autumn, children like to pick them up and keep them until they wither.


kaki no hozo ochi 柿の蔕落（かきのほぞおち）
stem of the persimmon falls off


kaki namasu 柿なます（かきなます）
Namasu-salad with persimmons

kaki yookan 柿羊羹（かきようかん）
Yokan-sweets with persimmons

kaki mise, kakimise 柿店（かきみせ）
store selling persimmons


and some famous local varieties

Aizu mishirazu 会津身知らず（あいずみしらず）

Fuyuugaki 富有柿（ふゆうがき）

Gionboo 祗園坊（ぎおんぼう）


Goshogaki 御所柿（ごしょがき）Gosho Persimmons
named after the palace Kyoto Gosho
see : wikipedia - Kyoto_Imperial_Palace
Grown in Gose shi 御所市 Gose Town, Nara prefecture
source : nhk.or.jp/umai

御所柿にたのまれ皃のかがし哉　
. goshogaki ni tanomare gao no kagashi kana .
- Yosa Buson　与謝蕪村 -


Hachiyagaki 蜂屋柿（はちやがき）
Hachiya Kaki

Hyakumegaki 百目柿（ひゃくめがき）

Kyaragaki 伽羅柿（きゃらがき）

Jirogaki 次郎柿（じろうがき)

Saijoogaki 西条柿（さいじょうがき）

Shinanogaki 信濃柿 しなのがき ) "Persimmons from Shinano"
Diospyros lotus
..... Budoogaki葡萄柿（ぶどうがき）"grape persimmons"
..... Kunsenshi 君遷子（くんせんし）
..... Kogaki 小柿（こがき）"small persimmons"
..... Mamegaki 豆柿（まめがき）"persimmons like beans"
..... Sarugaki 猿柿（さるがき）"monkey persimmons"

Tsuru no ko 鶴の子（つるのこ）

Zenjimaru 禅寺丸（ぜんじまる）



Here is a haiku that employes only reginal names of the fruit:

御所富有会津身不知祇園坊

Gosho Fuyuu
Aizu Mishirazu
Gionboo

Yamatani Seiun 山谷青雲
source : NHK Haiku October 2012


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humanity kigo for mid-autumn

shibutori 渋取 (しぶとり)
making dye from fermented persimmons
shibu toru 渋取る（しぶとる）, shibu tsuku 渋搗く（しぶつく）
kakishibu 柿渋（かきしぶ）"persimmon dye"
kakitsuki uta 柿搗歌（かきつきうた）
shibukasu 渋糟（しぶかす）leftovers from the process
kishibuoke, kishibu-oke 木渋桶（きしぶおけ）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


shin shibu 新渋 (しんしぶ) new persimmon dye
kotoshi shibu 今年渋（ことししぶ）persimmon dye of this year
kishibu 生渋（きしぶ）
ichiban shibu 一番渋（いちばんしぶ）first perparation of persimmon dye
niban shibu 二番渋（にばんしぶ） second perparation of persimmon dye


quote
Calling kakishibu a “dye” is a bit of a misnomer. Made from the fermented juice of unripe astringent persimmons, the color comes from the tannin molecules linking together and forming a coating. More than a coloring agent, kakishibu also has strengthening, antibacterial and waterproofing properties. Kakishibu was used in China and Korea, but reached its ultimate utilization in Japan. It was used as a wood preservative, waterproofer, insect repellent, folk medicine, and on washi (Japanese paper), fans, parasols, clothing and in sake production.

Japanese artists and craftsmen use kakishibu on wood, washi and textiles. For textiles, cellulose fibers are well suited to kakishibu, especially bast fibers. However, it is also satisfactory on silk and even some synthetics and synthetic blends. Yarn can be dyed and woven, knit or crocheted. Cloth can be dyed by immersion dipping, or surface designs can be created by brushing. Katazome (stencil patterning), tsutsugaki (paste resist drawn with cones), shibori and other techniques are well suited surface design options.

Long looked at as one of those “charming-folksy-but-largely-not-applicable-today” things, kakishibu is enjoying a revival in a more eco-aware world. Japanese craftsmen are producing clothing for chemically sensitive skin. Builders are utilizing kakishibu as an interior wood finish to combat sick house and dyers are embracing kakishibu for its beauty and user friendliness - no dyer contact with chemicals and no disposal problems. Largely unavailable and known in America primarily among hand papermakers, kakishibu is poised to become an exciting addition to the textile artists palette.
source : 2006 Kakishibui


BACK TO
Farmers work in Autumn


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kigo for winter

Kaki ochiba 柿落ち葉 fallen leaves of the persimmon

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kaki kueba / the famous persimmon haiku
Masaoka Shiki
kaki kueba kane ga naru nari Horyuji


Wagashi . Japanese Sweets with persimmons
Persimmon and Sweets



　WASHOKU
Kaki, 柿 Persimmon and local dishes


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


Six Persimmons by Mu Chi



The sumi-e of Sesshu and the tea ceremony room give the feel of simplicity.
Another example is Mu Chi's painting of persimmons.
Profundity animates the Noh plays of Zeami and the Haiku of Basho. The frog-leap-pond Haiku - one of the masterpieces of Basho - may provide an especially good insight into what is meant here. Creativity emerges strongly in the gardens of Muso and the calligraphy of Ryokan. They clearly transcended their masters' style. Sesshu also serves as an example here; he learned his technique from Josetsu and Shubun in Japan and Kakei in China, but his final landscapes were incomparably his own. Vitality shimmers through the calligraphy of Hakuin and Ikkyu. Their calligraphy overflows form without violating it. Vitality is also evident in the vigor and free flow of all Zen art.
http://www.zenki.com/Masunaga01.htm


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Kakimori Bunko is a museum- library for the Kakimori Collection,
one of the world's
three major collections of haiku poetry and painting.

"Kakimori," in Japanese,means Gurdian of Persimmon Tree.

. Kakimori Bunko 柿衛文庫


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kaki bakuchi　柿博打 betting on persimmons

This was a favorite game of kids in the Edo period. The word used to be mentioned as kigo in the older saijiki, but is now lost.

Children (and grown-ups) would bet on the number of seeds (kernels) in the fruit, either just an odd or even number, or who was closest to the real number of stones.

柿博打あつけらかんと空の色
kaki bakuchi akkerakan to sora no iro


betting on persimmons -
I try to look unconcerned
at the color of the sky

Iwagi Hisaharu 岩城久治

source : zouhai.com


「味覚歳時記・木の実、草のみ篇」
塚本邦雄


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kakimogi 柿もぎ harvesting persimmons


CLICK for enlargement of the details !
Kitagawa Utamaro, 喜多川 歌麿 (ca. 1753 - 1806)

Persimmons were seen as "sweets" and quite popular. Here is a group of ladies harvesting, with a young man in the tree, handing down branches with the fruit. Other ladies are shaking the tree. The two ladies in the middle who are watching the scene are maybe the lady of the house and her daughter, observing their servants doing the job.

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

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HAIKU

Rakushisha 落柿舎 "Hermitage of the fallen persimmon"

Matsuo Basho and - Mukai Kyorai 向井去来 -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

柿の花おちてぞ人の目に留る
kaki no hana ochite zo hito no me ni tomaru

persimmon blossoms -
when the are fallen
people start seeing them
Tr. Gabi Greve

- - - - -

鳥の巣や弓矢間にあふ柿の木に
tori no su ya yumiya ma ni au kaki no ki ni

a bird's nest
in a good persimmon tree
for bows and arrows
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku is from the 3rd month (April) of 1824, when Issa was living in his hometown. It is the mating and nesting season for birds, but Issa feels pathos in the fact that one bird couple has built their nest in a persimmon tree that will soon become material for bows and arrows. Persimmon wood was flexible and fairly strong and was therefore used to make human-sized bows and arrows for scarecrows placed in rice paddies and dry fields, as can be seen from many hokku and haiga from the Edo period.

In Issa's time scarecrows commonly consisted of a vertical pole with a small round object or rush hat on top serving as a head and a crossbar serving as two arms to which a bow and bowstring nocked with an arrow were placed. The arrow was pulled all the way back as if it were about to be shot, with one end of the crossbar serving as the left arm holding the bow and the other end serving as the right arm pulling back the bowstring. There is humor as well as pathos, since the same persimmon branch on which the nest has been built will become a bow or arrow held by a scarecrow to scare possibly the same birds away later in the summer.

The hokku after this one in Issa's diary seems to be about the same or a similar tree:

kiru ki to mo shirade ya tori no su o tsukuru

not knowing, birds
build a nest in a tree
soon to be cut down

Either there is a mark on the tree trunk or the tree is a persimmon tree grown by someone who every spring makes and possibly sells bow-and-arrow scarecrows just as barley is beginning to grow and before rice planting gets underway -- and just as many birds are beginning to nest near the fields.

Earlier, in the 9th month (October) of 1821, Issa wrote a hokku about a crow having the last word:

kaki no ki no yumi-ya keotosu karasu kana

crow kicks
a persimmon bow and arrow
down from the scarecrow

By late autumn the crow must have become very used to the scarecrow, and the cord holding the bow and arrow to the cross shape must have rotted or been pecked apart. Issa seems to enjoy the pleasure the crow gets as it trashes this condescending human fake that any self-respecting crow could see through.


This shows a remnant of the old bow-and-arrow scarecrow in contemporary Japanese fields:

source :　sibawanngoromaru


This one is an outsized bow and arrow:

source :　akichanpon.at.webry.info

Chris Drake

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green persimmons, aogaki　青柿

green persimmon babies
rolling down the slope -
thunderstorm

Gabi Greve

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persimmon tree -
Hiroshige hangs
in the branches

- 　Gabi Greve




頬っぺたに　当てなどすなり　赤い柿
hoppeta ni ate nado sunari akai kaki

red persimmons -
try to hold them
to your cheeks




©　Gabi Greve



. . . . Persimmon Leaf Haiku
By Gabi Greve, 2007








so bright and orange -
late persimmons
to share with the crows

-　Gabi Greve, Winter 2007


Read more
. . . Persimmon Haiku by Gabi Greve


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Related words

***** WASHOKU Persimmon and more about Food


. WASHOKU
Nara ... dried persimmons from Yamato 　
大和のつるし柿


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
- #kaki #persimmon -
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Hıdrellez Festival

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Hydrellez Festival

***** Location: Turkey
***** Season: Early Summer
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation




WHAT IS "HYDRELLEZ"?

It is said that whatever you wish for on that night, will come true!

"Hıdrellez", is one of the seasonal festivals of all Turkish world which is celebrated as the first day of the "early summer". It is also "day of Hızır", the day on which prophets Hızır and Ilyas met with each other on earth. The words Hızır and İlyas have since fused together pronounced as Hıdrellez. Hıdrellez Day falls on May 5-6.

There are various theories about the origin of Hızır and Hıdrellez. Various ceremonies and rituals have been performed for various gods with the arrival of spring or summer in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Iran, Greece and in fact all eastern Mediterranean countries since ancient times. One widespread belief suggests that Hızır is a prophet who has attained immortality by drinking the water of life (ab-ı hayat), and who has reached God, and wanders around among people from time to time, especially in the spring, and helps people in difficulty and distributes plenty and health.

The identity of Hızır, the place and the time he lived in are not certain. Hızır is the symbol of spring, and the new life which emerges with it. In Turkey, where belief in Hızır is widespread, the characteristics attributed to him are as follows:

* Hızır rushes to the aid of people in difficulty and grants peoples's wishes.
* He always helps well-meaning, benevolent people.
* He brings plenty and wealth wherever he stops.
* He brings remedies to those who are troubled and health to the sick.
* He helps plants to grow, animals to reproduce, and human beings to grow strong
* He helps improve peoples fortune.
* He is the symbol of good omens.
* He has the God-given power of working miracles.

Hıdrellez Festival, that is still celebrated with grand ceremonies in Anatolia, has been celebrated since ancient times. Although it is celebrated under different names and in different times, it is possible to see the motifs of Hıdrellez in many places. The arrival of spring and awakening of nature have been percieved by mankind as a phenomenon to be celebrated. In fact, Hıdrellez, as a spring festival, has a universal character.

Learn more here:
http://expat.meetup.com/127/calendar/5728339/


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

Hanami

the prophet Hyzyr--
it feels like he must be here,
under the blossoms!

Larry Bole



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Related words

***** Saijiki and Kiyose for Turkey

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Loon bird (Gavia fam.)

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Loon birds (Gavia fam.)

***** Location: North America
***** Season: Summer and see below
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation

The Loons (N.Am.) or Divers (UK/Ireland) are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. A loon is the size of a large duck or small goose, which it somewhat resembles in shape when swimming, but they are completely unrelated to waterfowl.

Their plumage is largely black-and-white, with grey on the head and neck in some species, and a white belly, and they have a spear-shaped bill. All living species of loons are members of one genus (Gavia) in a family (Gaviidae), and order (Gaviiformes) all of their own.

During the summer, loons nest on freshwater lakes and/or large ponds.
Usually one or two eggs are laid in June.


©　WIKIPEDIA with more


loon chicks, kigo for summer
loon, some poets suggest as kigo for winter, others for spring.


Bill Higginson, Haiku World (1996)
"Loons go north for the summer, when their striking breeding plumage and calls and displays make them a seasonal topic around lakes in the northern reaches of the north temperate zone.
(Japan and most of coastal US see loons in winter, when their plumage is dull and their habits less noticeable)."


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Quotes by Thoreau, Henry David

In the fall the loon (Colymbus glacialis) came, as usual, to moult and bathe in the pond, making the woods ring with his wild laughter before I had risen.... When I went to get a pail of water early in the morning I frequently saw this stately bird sailing out of my cove within a few rods.
If I endeavored to overtake him in a boat, in order to see how he would manuvre, he would dive and be completely lost, so that I did not discover him again, sometimes, till the latter part of the day. But I was more than a match for him on the surface. He commonly went off in a rain.

...

This is of the loon's do not mean its laugh, but its looning, is a long-drawn call, as it were, sometimes singularly human to my ear, hoo-hoo-ooooo, like the hallooing of a man on a very high key, having thrown his voice into his head. I have heard a sound exactly like it when
breathing heavily through my own nostrils, half awake at ten at night, suggesting my affinity to the loon; as if its language were but a dialect of my own, after all.

...

Formerly, when lying awake at midnight in those woods, I had listened to hear some words or syllables of their language, but it chanced that I listened in vain until I heard the cry of the loon. I have heard it occasionally on the ponds of my native town, but there its wildness is not enhanced by the surrounding scenery.

...

I am no more lonely than the loon in the pond that laughs so loud, or than Walden Pond itself. What company has that lonely lake, I pray?

QUOTES >


............................................................

*Mould, Tom 1969-*

*Loon: Memory, Meaning, and Reality in a Northern Dene Community (review)*
Journal of American Folklore - Volume 117, Number 464, Spring 2004, pp. 213-214

American Folklore Society: search for LOON
http://muse.jhu.edu/about/publishers/afs


Compiled by Isa Kocher


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Worldwide use


Japan

loon, ahi アビ
This is not a kigo.


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

breaking silence --
the loon's song
echos to another

Janice

................

common loons
glide gracefully past
bits of ice

bob

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Related words


***** Grebe (Podiceps family of Birds) Kaitsuburi (Japan)


***** Water birds, mizudori 水鳥

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Well cleaning (sarashi-i)

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Well cleaning (sarashi-i)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Early Summer, others see below
***** Category: Humanity

for more WELL and SPRING (izumi 泉) kigo see below

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Explanation

Water was extremely important to the people of old. Drinking water came from wells and dripping water from the mountains (wakimizu), as in my own home in Japan. We have little crabs living in the well to show us the water is pure and clean.

To keep the wells clean was a family event in the beginning of summer, before the rainy season started and the wells were still rather dry. The water was drained and then one family member,usually one of the sons, climbed into the well on a rope and cleaned it from leaves and sand that had fallen in during the year.

A well could be more than four meters deep and quite dark at the bottom. It would take more than an hour to empty it, bucket by bucket, of all the water. Then the sludge was scooped up from the bottom carefully, whilest the fresh water was already gushing forth from the inlet. When all was done, a bottle of purifying rice wine for the God of Water would be left and the water allowed to flow back.
To perform this hard work was quite refreshing, still, on a hot summer day.

After the well was cleaned and started to fill up again, mother would cook some festive rice with red beans (sekihan) and the family celebrated the new clean water.

Gabi Greve

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cleaning the well, sarashi i, sarashi-i . 晒井 さらしい

well-cleaning, i zarai 井浚（いざらい）、ido zarai
井戸浚, 井戸浚い（いどざらい）
"changeing the well", ido gae 井戸替（いどがえ）


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mizo sarae 溝浚え (みぞさらえ) cleaning the trenches
sekibushin 堰浚え（せきさらえ）, 堰普請（せきぶしん）cleaning the weirs and dams
izarae 井浚え（いざらえ）cleaning the wells
..... idate 井立て（いだて）(local dialect)
aramizo あらみぞ
dobusarae どぶさらえ

To prevent the spread of malaria and other diseases, the trenches and water ways in the towns and the countrysied were cleaned around the eighty-eighth day from the beginning of spring (hachijuuhachiya, hachijuuhachi ya) or on the day of the local tutelary deity (ujigami) of a community.
After this communal event, all celebrated with food and ricewine (irooen 尉労宴).


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earth kigo for mid-summer

imizu masu 井水増す (いみずます) well water increases
nigori-i 濁り井（にごりい） muddy well water
After a period of long rain during the rainy season, the well water would change its color and sometimes becomes unsuited for drinking water.



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earth kigo for all summer

fukei, fuke-i 噴井 (ふけい) gushing well, artesian well
well that does not dry out in summer
fukii, fuki-i 噴井（ふきい）
A well that is trickeling even in a severe drought.
Drinking water was most important to the farmers of old.



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©　Illustration : 画　斎藤健治


Well-cleaning in Edo / Japanese LINK
水屋の富

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idohori shi　井戸堀師 digging a well
or making a new well

To provide clean water for the people of Edo was quite a job.
The wells were not dug in the ground but water from a river or public waterway (for example Tamagawa Josui 玉川上水) was let through wooden pipes (kidoi 木樋) to a huge tank under ground, where the people could take it out for their daily use.
Drinking water was stored in each home for cooking.




. Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 shokunin .




月かげや夜も水売る日本橋
tsukikage ya yoru mo mizu uru Nihonbashi

moonlight . . .
even at night water is sold
at Nihonbashi bridge

Kobayashi Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve


Selling drinking water was a normal job in Edo.
And on the bright moonlit nights life in Edo just went on and on ...
(remember, this is a time without electricity )

. The Water Supply of Edo .
mizuya 水屋 water salesmen
mizubugyoo, mizu bugyō　水奉行 waterworks administrator

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. mizuawase no harai
水合の祓 (みずあわせのはらい)
purification of the court well
mizuawase 水合（みずあわせ）well water purification　　



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earth kigo for all winter

fuyu no izumi 冬の泉 (ふゆのいずみ) spring in winter
..... toosen 冬泉（とうせん）
kansen 寒泉（かんせん）spring in the cold


. izumi 泉 spring
kigo for all seasons



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


. kami no i 神の井 well of the deity, sacred well .


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HAIKU

さらし井に魚ももどるや暮の月
sarashi i ni uo mo modoru ya kure no tsuki

after cleaning the well
putting back the fish...
moon at dusk



さらし井や草の上にてなく蛙
sarashi i ya kusa no ue nite naku kawazu

the well is drained--
on the grass a frog
croaking

In Japanese, a "frog in a well" (sei-a 井蛙) is a narrow-minded person. But this frog is out of its well at last, seeing the great world!



さらしいや石の上なる神酒徳り
sarashi i ya ishi no ue naru migi-dokuri

cleaning the well--
on a stone a bottle
of sacred sake



井の底もすっぱりかはく月よ哉
i no soko mo suppari kawaku tsuki yo kana

the well's bottom, too
utterly dry...
moonlit night



井の底をちょっと見て来る小てふ哉
i no soko o chotto mite kuru ko chô kana

a quick inspection
of the well's bottom...
little butterfly



涼しくば一寝入せよ井戸の底
suzushikuba hito neiri seyo ido no soko

since it's cool down there
take a little nap...
bottom of the well

Issa (Tr. David Lanoue)
13 haiku about well cleaning



新しい水湧音や井の底に
atarashii mizu waku oto ya i no soko ni

the sound of fresh water
gushing out -
deep down in the well

Issa . (Tr. Gabi Greve)

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well, ido　井戸
topic for haiku




鶯が呑んでから汲古井哉
uguisu ga nonde kara kumu furu i kana

after the nightingale drinks
water is drawn...
old well

Issa (Tr. David Lanoue)

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春眠や　古井戸の水　ピチャピチャと
shunmin ya furu ido no mizu pichapicha to

sleepy in spring ー
the water of our well
drips steadily

Gabi Greve , 2007

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Immer noch Dürre
mein Brunnen gibt kaum Wasser.
Will tiefer graben.

Imma von Bodmershof
http://www.kulturserver.de/home/haiku-dhg/Archiv/Willens_Bodmershof.htm

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well-cleaner threw out
the frogs one by one
then lit a beedi

a frog lept out ~
man in the well splashed
sunny mud-waters

Narayanan Raghunathan, India


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idobata kaigi　井戸端会議　
debates (gossip) at the well (ido)
Women used to come to the village wells and designated places along rivers to do the laundry and the mental laundry (gossip)。

dirty linen
washed in virtual rivers -
internet housewifes

Gabi Greve, 2004


. sentaku 洗濯 washing, doing the laundry in Edo .

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Le vieux lavoir
résonne encore
des rires passés.

The old wash-house
still resounds
with laughs from the past.

- Shared by Patrick Fetu -
Joys of Japan, 2012



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Related words

***** Water in various kigo

***** First Water, "young water" (wakamizu) New Year

***** Fountain (funsui) :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Wax tree (haze) and fish

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Wax tree (haze)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

Wax tree, haze no ki, kooro 黄櫨
a kind of sumac, sumach

Rhus succedanea (Japanese wax tree)
Rhus verniciflua (Japanese sumac tree)



wax tree blossoms, haze no hana
黄櫨の花、はぜのはな
summer haze, ナツハゼ（夏黄櫨）
kigo for summer

... ... ...

fruit of the wax tree, haze no mi 黄櫨の実, はぜのみ
"wax tree", roo no ki 蝋の木, ろうのき
mountain wax tree, yama haze 山黄櫨,やまはぜ

red leaves of the wax tree, haze momiji 黄櫨もみじ

haze no mi 櫨の実 (はぜのみ)nuts of the Japanese wax tree
..... haji no mi はじの実（はじのみ


taking the wax from the tree, haze chigiri 櫨ちぎり,はぜちぎり
..... haze toru 櫨採
kigo for late autumn

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The wax (Japanese wax ジャパン・ワックス) is taken after the red leaves of autumn are gone. It is used to make Japanese candles.

I also enjoy a strong honey from this tree.

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A Haiku and Poetry Magazine called "Kooro"



©　黄　櫨（こうろ）

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


The wax and wane of Uchiko 内子町, 四国

Read about an amazing place in Shikoku !

It was famous for its vegetable wax production around 1800.

Wax candle maker in Uchiko



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HAIKU

ひと枝のはぜ赤々と抜け出せり
hitoeda no haze akaaka to nuke daseri

one branch
of the red, red wax tree
sticking out

© あきら俳句集 Akira Haiku Collection
http://park6.wakwak.com/~zakkayasan/haikua2.htm




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Related words

***** Candles (roosoku)

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***** Japanese dace, haze 鮠, 鯊, 沙魚（はぜ）
kigo for all autumn



The gobies are a family (the Gobiidae) of freshwater and marine ray-finned fish belonging to order Perciformes.
Gobioidei family / Wikipedia

........................................ Some kigo related to the dace fish

"real dace, mahaze 真鯊（まはぜ）
..... chichibu ちちぶ、donko どんこ、furuseふるせ

black dace, kurohaze 黒鯊（くろはぜ）
red dace, akahaze 赤鯊（あかはぜ）
"Tiger dace" tora haze 虎鯊（とらはぜ）
flying dace, tobihaze 飛鯊（とびはぜ）

fishing for dace, haze tsuri 鯊釣（はぜつり）
rod for fishing dace, hazesao 鯊の竿（はぜのさお）
boat for dace fishing, hazebune 鯊舟（はぜぶね）

sunny day for fishing dace, haze biyori 鯊日和（はぜびより）
"autumn of the dace", haze no aki 鯊の秋（はぜのあき）

drying dace, haze hosu 鯊干す（はぜほす）



ハゼばかり釣れて気遣う船主かな
haze bakari tsurite kichigau senshu kana

fishing only dace
makes him all crazy -
the ship owner

http://nojisan.no-blog.jp/nojisanhaiku/2006/11/post_5d68.html

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kigo for mid-summer

mugiwarahaze, mugiwara hazw 麦藁鯊 (むぎわらはぜ)
"wheat straw dace"
fished at the river 涸沼川 near the town of Mito, Ibaraki.



FISH and SEAFOOD SAIJIKI


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