Herring (nishin)

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Herring (nishin)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Spring, others see below
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation

Herring, nishin 鰊 (にしん) , 鯡（にしん）、青魚（にしん）、
黄魚（にしん） ,
"fish that brings spring", 春告魚（にしん）
kado かど、kadoiwashi かどいわし
"Korean sardine", koorai iwashi 高麗鰯（こうらいいわし）

"running herring", hashiri nishin 走り鰊（はしりにしん）

first herring, hatsu nishin 初鰊（はつにしん）
middle herring, chuu nishin 中鰊（ちゅうにしん）
late herring, ato nishin 後鰊（あとにしん）

herring are coming, nishin kuki 鰊群来（にしんくき）

place for herrings, nishinba 鰊場（にしんば）
pot for cooking herring, nishingama 鰊釜（にしんがま）
roasting herring, nishin taku 鰊焚く（にしんたく）

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Herrings are small, oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Pacific, and the Mediterranean. There are 15 species of herring, the most abundant of which is the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus).[citation needed] Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are caught, salted and smoked in great quantities.
Canned "sardines" (or pilchards) seen in supermarkets may actually be sprats or round herrings.
Pickled herring is found in the cuisine of Hokkaidō in Japan, where families traditionally preserved large quantities for winter.

- - - 　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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kigo for all summer

herring in summer 夏鰊 (なつにしん) natsu nishin


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Worldwide use

Germany

Pickled vinegared herring, Rollmops
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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Bückling (smoked herring)
kigo for winter

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

Above the cedars
a Mother eagle hovers
scent of herring

-　Angelika Kolompar Renville Bygott

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


............................................. Aomori 青森県
三戸郡 Sannohe district 五戸町

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
A monk had been carrying nisshin 鰊 herring on his back on the way back to his temple.
But he was bewitched by a fox and lost them all.

- - - - -
. kitsune 狐 fox，sake 鮭 salmon
. A fox had cheated an old man,
telling him there were many herring in the river.
So the man left his luggage and went into the river to get them.
Meanwhile the fox took his luggage and run away.
. sake 鮭と伝説 legends about the salmon .




............................................. Fukushima 福島県
南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district

. neko 猫 / ねこ と伝説 Legends about cats, Katzen .
The cats belonging to the old woman オキシ O-Kitsu had survived for three generations.
Once a cat was seen leaving the house with a towel covering its head.
O-Kitsu gave it three 鰊 herrings and let it go.




............................................. Hokkaido 北海道

. kujira 鯨 whale - Walfisch .
Since olden times, the kujira 鰊 whale is
a special fish of Hokkaido 蝦夷 Ezo.
When the season comes, fishermen say special prayers and go out to sea.
In the second lunar month, it was not allowed to ring a large temple bell.
The vibrations of such a bell would be heared in the sea and the whales might disappear.
Words like whale, kitsune 狐 fox and awabi 蚫 were not allowed to use,
since these animals were enemies of the whale.

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江差 Esashi

. Orii baasan 折居婆さん grandmother Orii .
and the origin of Ubagami Daijinguu 姥神大神宮 Ubagami Daijingu
Shrine ofr the "old woman deity"

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函館市 Hakodate City

. Genko 玄狐 / Kurogitsune 黒狐 a black fox .

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松前町 Matsumae town

. Matsumae Kaido 松前街道 Matsumae Highway .
and Genko 玄狐 / Kurogitsune 黒狐 a black fox -
A black furred fox that incarnated into the Big Dipper. -
- - - - -
. yamabushi 山伏 mountain priests .
The fishing season for herrings had been very bad,
so the villagers asked a Yamabushi for a purification ritual.




............................................. Niigata 新潟県

南魚沼市 Minami-Uonuma city

. Shanichi Sama, Shajitsu Sama 社日様
Deity of the Shrine Day .
and offerings of Herring soup.




............................................. Shiga 滋賀県
高島市 Takashima city

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
Once a man went up to the mountain to gather chestnuts.
He picked up some chestnuts near the hole of a fox, so the fox bewitched him.
The farmer took some rice cakes and herring to apologize and soon
he got well again.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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Related words

- WASHOKU -
Sardines (iwashi 鰯 (いわし)) /
urume (潤目)うるめ round herring big-eye sardine

***** FISH and SEAFOOD SAIJIKI

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- #nishin #herring #nisshin -
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Will-o'-the-wisp (kitsunebi)

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. kitsunebi 狐火と伝説 "fox fire" legends .
. onibi 鬼火 "demon fire", "devil's fire" .
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Will-o'-the-wisp (kitsunebi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Winter
***** Category: Earth

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Explanation

"fox fire", kitsunebi 狐火 (きつねび)
"fox lantern", kitsune no choochin
狐の提燈（きつねのちょうちん）
"devil's fire", onibi 鬼火　（おにび）





. janjanbi じゃんじゃん火 / ジャンジャン火 Janjan fire .
- Legends from Nara

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”a mysterious light associated with spirits,
found in various folklore tales”

The will-o'-the-wisp, sometimes will-o'-wisp or ignis fatuus (modern Latin, from ignis ("fire") + fatuus ("foolish"), plural ignes fatui) refers to the ghostly lights sometimes seen at night or twilight — often over bogs. It looks like a flickering lamp, and is sometimes said to recede if approached. Much folklore surrounds the legend, but science has offered several potential explanations.

One Asian theologist ponders the relation of will-o'-the-wisp to that of the foxfire produced by kitsune, an interesting way of combining mythology of the West with that of the East.

In addition to Kitsunebi (aka Foxfire) described above, additional similar phenomena are described in Japanese folklore, including Hitodama (literally "Human ball" as in ball of energy), Hi no Tama (Ball of Flame), Aburagae, Koemonbi, Ushionibi, etc. All these phenomena are described as balls of flame or light, at times associated with graveyards, but occurring across Japan as a whole in a wide variety of situations and locations. These phenomena are described in Shigeru Mizuki's 1985 book Graphic World of Japanese Phantoms (妖怪伝 in Japanese)。
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Kitsunebi / more reference


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

. Ooji no kitsunebi 王子の狐火 (おうじのきつねび)
day of the fox deity at Oji Inari Shrine .
kigo for late winter
and more about
Ooji Inari Jinja 王子稲荷神社 Oji Inari Fox Shrine

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. Tosa no kechibi 土佐の鬼火
"Demon fire" from Tosa / Kochi .


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HAIKU

狐火や髑髏(どくろ)に雨のたまる夜に
kitsunebi ya dokuro ni ame no tamaru yo ni

fox fire -
on the night when the skull
gathers rain

Buson 蕪村
Tr. Gabi Greve




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狐火や利休鼠の雨が降る
kitsunebi ya Rikyu ne no ame ga furu

fox fire -
the rain falls so gray,
Rikyu gray
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Gendai Haiku Kyokai
http://www.gendaihaiku.gr.jp/haikukai/result/08_touku.htm

Grey, Gray (hai-iro, hyaku nezu) and haiku

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Related words

***** Fox (kitsune) Japan...
including Fox God Shrine Festival (Inari Matsuri)

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plant kigo for early summer



kitsune no choochin 狐の提燈 "fox lantern plant"
Chinese Fairy Bells
..... hoochakusoo 宝鐸草（ほうちゃくそう）"temple chime plant"
Disporum sessile




hoochaku 宝鐸 temple chime

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. kitsunebi 狐火と伝説 "fox fire" legends .
collecting

. onibi 鬼火 "demon fire", "devil's fire" .

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- #kitsunebi #onibi -
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Spring morning light (shungyoo)

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Spring morning light (shungyoo)

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: All Spring
***** Category: Season

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Explanation

Already in the Pillow Book of Sei Shonagon we read:
"Spring is the best for the morning dawn!"

akebono is the older usage, later akatsuki was used.
But AKEBONO just like that is not a kigo, but a topic for haiku. The below examples have a different kigo to go with the DAWN.

The sky gets light slowly and we can begin to distinguish things around us again.

. Sei Shōnagon 清少納言 Sei Shonagon .


spring morning light, spring dawn, shungyoo
春暁 (しゅんぎょう)
..... haru no akatsuki 春の暁（はるのあかつき）
spring dawn, haru no akebono 春の曙（はるのあけぼの）
..... shunsho 春曙（しゅんしょ）

daybreak in spring, haru no yoake
春の夜明（はるのよあけ）
.... haru no asake 春の朝明（はるのあさけ）

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spring morning, haru no asa 春の朝 はるのあさ
..... shunnchoo 春朝（しゅんちょう）
..... haru ashita 春あした（はるあした）



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The word DAWN, just like that, is a topic for haiku.

It is NOT an "all year kigo".
Words introduced in ALL YEAR or MISCELLANEOUS sections of a saijiki are not kigo, but all-year haiku topics.



Bill Higginson writes:

The Japanese word _kigo_ means exactly "season word" or "seasonal word", as some would have it. In any case, it does not make sense to use a nonseasonal word or topic in a haiku and call it a "kigo". Rather, one could refer to it as a "topic" or, perhaps, as a "keyword". This last expression, "keyword", has actually been taken up by some Japanese haiku people to refer to exactly this kind of topic, a word or phrase that one might understand as linking a haiku to other haiku on the same topic, but one that has no seasonal meaning. (You might notice that I also use "keyword" to refer to the nonseasonal entries at the beginning of the saijiki index, as well.)

. NO to all season kigo, all year kigo 　



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


明ぼのや しら魚しろき こと一寸
akebono ya shirauo shiroki koto issun

Matsuo Basho

at dawn -
how white the whitebait
of just an inch
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Whitebait (shirauo)

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Issa about the Spring Dawn, AKEBONO

父ありて明ぼの見たし青田原
chichi arite akebono mitashi aodabara

if my father were here--
dawn colors
over green fields


明ぼのの春早々に借着哉
akebono no haru haya-baya ni karigi kana

at dawn
I start the spring...
borrowed clothes


大淀や大曙のんめの花
ôyodo ya ô akebono no n-me no hana

Oyodo Town--
plum blossoms the colors
of dawn


Tr. David Lanoue
Click for more haiku.


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Frühlingsmorgenlicht
englische Suite von Bach
blauer Veilchenduft

spring morning light
suite music of Bach
blue scent of violets
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

©　blaettchen
http://www.seniorentreff.de/diskussion/archiv4/a109.html


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spring morning
the raven goes
where the wind went

©　Elizabeth Searle Lamb / The Heron's Nest 2003


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spring morning
these green leaves no longer
covered in dew

kathi rudawsky
photo haiku gallery


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MORE
haiku about Spring Dawn


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Related words

Dawn, daybreak in other seasons

. Morning (asa)



***** First Sun, First Sunrise (hatsuhi, hatsuhi no de) Japan
..... hatsu akebono 初曙（はつあけぼの）first dawn
..... hatsu yoake 初夜明（はつよあけ）first daybreak



***** Spring (haru, Japan)

***** Spring light, spring shining (shunkoo) Japan

***** Dawn moon in autumn (ariakezuki)
mist in the morning, ariake gasumi.

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Tax season USA

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Tax paying season, income tax

***** Location: Japan, USA
***** Season: Spring
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Income tax has to be declared in February/March in Japan.
In our village, a special service is offered for the farmers to get advise on how to fill out the many papers necessary.

Gabi Greve, Japan




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Worldwide use

USA

i wonder why americans have tax season in spring when it would seem appropriate for autumn [harvest] .

Gary Gach

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American tax season being in spring is based on when the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which authorizes the U.S. federal income tax as we know it today, was ratified.

The 16th Amendment was ratified in February, 1913, and so Congress decided that the first income tax would be collected as of March 1, 1914. The date moved was moved to March 15 in 1918, for reasons not readily available on the internet. The date of April 15 was settled on by Congress in 1955, apparently to allow the Internal Revenue Service more time to do its job, and so it remains to this day.

Larry Bole, 2008

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MOST CITIZENS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO FILE AN INCOME TAX RETURN

THE 16TH ("INCOME TAX") AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION IS A FRAUD

IF YOU FILE, YOU WAIVE YOUR 5th AMENDMENT RIGHTS

These are the major points expressed in a Remonstrance, that was hand delivered to leaders of the three branches of the federal government on April 13, 2000, by a group of citizen-delegates representing all 50 states. These grievances concern alleged illegal operations of the federal income tax system and the IRS.
©　We The People


Check out this PHOTO !


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

the accountant gives
the papers a tidy tap
: tax season

Gary Gach, USA, 2008

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the tax adviser
flicks his fingers round
the points of complication

Dick Pettit, WHCsenryu, 2008


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tax season -
the old farmer counts
on his fingers

Gabi Greve, Japan, 2008


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tax season:
husband comes home
not in the mood

Ethel Yanova, WHCrussian


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tax day
squashing worms
after rain

Nicole Hyde
WHC workshop, April 2010

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This topic brings a smile to my husband's face and mine ...

tax season
we smile as the trees
turn a fresh green

Ella Wagemakers
Kigo Hotline, April 2010


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rites of spring
fragrant petal lands
on tax form

national haiku day april 17 and tax day coincided this year

- Shared by Charlie Smith -
Joys of Japan, 2012



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Related words

***** . Taxes in the Edo Period and their KIGO
nengu, kemi ...


. The North American Saijiki Project .


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Insects awaken

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Insects awaken (keichitsu)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Mid-Spring
***** Category: Season

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Explanation

March 5/6
This is one of the 24 special points of the seasons in the Asian Calendar.

On this day, the insects and other hibernating creatures wake up and come out, for example frogs, snakes and grubs. So it is not only insects, but all kinds of animals that wake up. It is finally getting warm enough to start a new circle of life.

insects awaken, insects come out, bugs come out, bugs wake up, insects appear again, insects stir
keichitsu 啓蟄 (けいちつ) 驚蟄（けいちつ）




chitchuu 蟄虫 insects hibernating in the ground



source :　thyvikings.cool.coocan.jp

sumogorimushi to o hiraku 蟄虫啓戸 (すもごりむし とを ひらく)
hibernating insects open the door

..... Calendar Systems, Asian Lunar Calendar, 12 Zodiac Animals, 24 Seasons

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Today, close to the day insects are coming out, the mats around the trees of many parks in Western Japan were taken off and burned. This is an annual event which attracts many tourists, called "komoyaki こも焼き".

Here we see the famous park in Tsuyama town, close to my home in Okayama prefecture. And as if on clue, I saw my first ladybug and a grasshopper today in my own garden!

Gabi Greve, March 5, 2008


Mats are put around the trees in October

This is a preparation for winter, to make sure the insects do no harm to the tree itself and can hibernate between the bark and the mat. This event usually takes place on another one of the 24 seasonal turning points, around 23/ 24 of october, called "Frost descends", see below.
komo maki　こも巻き　wrapping komo mats around the pines in parks


In spring, these mats are taken off and burned.





© Photo : Sanyo Shinbun


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

keichitsu ya yooji no gotoku ashi narashi

awakening spring;
like a toddler, the insect
learns about legs

abe midorijo (1886-1980)
Tr. Michael Haldane


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啓蟄のひとり児ひとりよちよちと
keichitsu no hitori go hitori yochiyochi to

on the day insects wake up
this one baby starts
to toddle around

Iida Dakotsu
Tr. Gabi Greve

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天気地気啓蟄の日となりにけり
ten-ki chi-ki keichitsu no hi to narinikeri

Above ground and below ground the air is ready for keichitsu.

Ishii Rogetsu (1873-1928) 石井露月
Haiku poet from Akita, student of Masaoka Shiki
Tr. Shaun McCabe
(from "Chado: The Way of Tea," by Sasaki Sanmi)

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Check out more Japanese haiku about keichitsu
Gendai Haiku Database

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Related words




***** frost descends, sookoo 霜降 そうこう
sookoo no setsu 霜降の節（そうこうのせつ）
kigo for late autumn
also read: shimo ori

*** "frost descending month", shimo furi zuki
霜降月（しもふりづき）
December
kigo for mid-winter
shimofuri



***** Groundhog Day North America, Europe
This day is a bit similar to the awakening of the animals in Japan.


***** March (sangatsu　三月)


. . . . SPRING - the complete SAIJIKI

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Illness in all seasons

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Common Cold (kaze)

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: All winter, others see below
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation



common cold, kaze 風邪 (かぜ)
fuuja ふうじゃ、kanboo 感冒（かんぼう）
"feeling of running" ryuukan 流感（りゅうかん）

feeling a cold, kaze ge 風邪気（かざけ）
..... kaze gokochi 風邪心地（かぜごこち）
voice with a cold, hoarse, nasal voice, kazegoe
風邪声（かざごえ）
"nose cold", hanakaze鼻風邪（はなかぜ）

cold medicine, kazegusuri 風邪薬（かぜぐすり）


god of the cold, kaze no kami 風邪の神（かぜのかみ）
god of coughing, sekigamisama 咳神様


© PHOTO :　yumi , sekigamisama



Here is another private shrine in the garden of the Ikeda Jirokichi Family. They pray for healing when someone gets a cold and offer a rice scoop (shamoji　しゃもじ) when he gets better and pray for the wellbeing of the family. This shrine is also called "Rice scoop deity", O-Shamoji sama, オシャモジ様.


池田次郎吉
© PHOTO : Hayabuchi

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seki 咳 (せき) cough, coughing
... shiwabuki しわぶき( 咳き)

kusame 嚔 (くさめ) sneezing
... kushami くしゃみ、kussame くっさめ
hanahiri 鼻ひり（はなひり）nose feels like sneezing

mizubana 水洟 みずばな running nose, sniveling
... hanamizu 三冬 洟水（はなみず）
mizuppana みずっぱな


yuzame 湯ざめ (ゆざめ) feeling cold after a hot bath


infuruenza インフルエンザ influenza


秋来ぬと合点させたるくさめかな
aki kinu to gatten sasetaru kusame kana
(1768)

autumn has come
I am convinced now
by this sneeze . . .

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



はしたなき女嬬のくさめや時鳥
hashitanaki nyoju no kusame ya hototogisu

the vulgar sneezing
of a junior court lady -
hototogisu


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .



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Acute viral nasopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses or coronaviruses.

Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and cough; sometimes accompanied by 'pink eye', muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and/or loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to 14 days.

Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children. Although the disease is generally mild and self-limiting, patients with common colds often seek professional medical help, use over-the-counter drugs, and may miss school or work days. The annual cumulative societal cost of the common cold in developed countries is considerable in terms of money spent on remedies, and hours of work lost.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


けさ秋や瘧の落ちたやうな空
kesa aki ya okori no ochita yoo na sora

first autumn morning--
a fever-curing
kind of sky

Kobayashi Issa

Shinji Ogawa believes that ochita ("dropped") means, in this context, "cured." On the first morning of autumn, Issa sees a fever-curing kind of sky. The editors of Issa zenshu^ note that okori is the mosquito-borne disease of malaria (Nagano: Shinano Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1976-79) 4.62, which supports Shinji's interpretation: the chilly autumn weather will put an end to summer's disease-spreading mosquitoes. French translator Jean Cholley notes that after Issa's fever broke, he had a dream in which he saw his dead daughter Sato; 245-46, note 124.
Tr. and Comment : David Lanoue 　


okori 瘧 the ague, intermittent fever, the shakes

okori ga ochiru 瘧が落ちる
to wake from a fever-induced delirium



*****************************
HAIKU

a long winter day;
my wife interrupts herself,
sneezing now and then

Larry Bole, February 2008


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くさめして百羽の鳩を翔たしむる
kusameshite hyappa no hato o katashimuru

I sneeze and
one hundred doves
fly up in the air

Sakaino Noriko 境野 典子
Tr. Gabi Greve


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くさめして鬼に見つかるかくれんぼ
kusame shite oni ni mitsukaru kakurenbo

I have to sneeze
and get caught ...
playing hide and seek

Yura Yumi 涌羅由美, 2005
Tr. Gabi Greve


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


swine flu season in Kenya 2009


my brother
struggling to breathe --
swine flu
~ Harrison Mwangangi



cold afternoon --
the rhythm of sneezing
in our classroom
~ Jedidah Nduku



a sneezing student
wipes mucus with her hand --
quiet exam room
~ Stephen Macharia


sneezing aloud --
mucus drips into
my handkerchief
~ Elkana Mogaka


stinking handkerchief --
a student's nostril flooded
with mucus
~ Stephen Nzomo


chilly morning --
mucus flowing from
my sore nose
~ Kilunda


aromatic liniment --
my aunt dabs at her
swollen tonsils
~ Beryl Achieng


my grandmother
with a soaked handkerchief --
peeling nostrils
~ Vivian Adhiambo


my mother washing
a slippery handkerchief --
sniffs from a running nose
~ Erick Mwange


a drop of mucus
on my exam papers --
cold morning
~ Patrick Wafula

Selection of the Shiku Monthly Kukai
by members of the Kenya Saijiki Forum


*****************************
Related words

Illness and disease as kigo in Spring

haru no kaze 春の風邪 (はるのかぜ) common cold in spring
gangasa iyu 雁瘡癒ゆ (がんがさいゆ) "goose ekzema" itching
dry skin itching

mashin 麻疹 (ましん) measles. Masern
..... kashin はしか


late spring

shutoo 種痘 しゅとう smallpox
..... ueboosoo 植疱瘡（うえぼうそう）


. Daruma, Smallpox and the color Red


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

humanity kigo for all summer


natsu no kaze 夏の風邪 なつのかぜ cold in summer
..... natsukaze 夏風邪（なつかぜ） summer cold


shokiatari, shoki-atari 暑気中り (しょきあたり) heat stroke
..... shokimake 暑さ負け（あつさまけ）
atsusa atari 暑さあたり（あつさあたり）
Hitzschlag

mizuatari 水中り (みずあたり) diarrhoea from bad water

natsuyase 夏痩 (なつやせ) loosing weight in summer
...... natsumake 夏負け（なつまけ）

.................................................................................


. asemo 汗疹 (あせも) prickly heat, heat rush 　
..... aseba あせぼ、asemo 汗疣（あせも）
natsuboshi 夏沸瘡 (なつぼし) severe case of prickley heat
..... natsubushi 夏ぶし（なつぶし）
..... natsumushi 夏むし（なつむし）




kakke 脚気 (かっけ) beriberi
vitamin B1 deficiency



marariya マラリヤ malaria
..... okori 瘧 (おこり)
..... gyaku 瘧（ぎゃく）

World Malaria Day - April 25
source : www.worldmalariaday.org




mizumushi 水虫 (みずむし) athlete's foot

a very common, contagious ailment, almost in all seasons, through the use of common slippers in public areas and the use of public baths and hot springs
Fußpilz



tsutsugamushibyoo 恙虫病 (つつがむしびょう) scrub typhus
Japanese river fever
tsutsugamushi is a harvest mite, chigger, fam. Trombiculidae
It is seen as a legendary animal to cause disease in summer in the Edo period illustrations 絵本百物語.
Flussfieber


.................................................................................

kigo for late summer

nisshabyoo 日射病 (にっしゃびょう) sunstroke
..... etsubyoo 暍病（えつびょう）
Sonnenstich


.................................................................................


korera コレラ cholera
..... 虎列剌（これら）
..... korori ころり
korerasen コレラ船（これらせん） cholera boat
(to isolate the patients)


kakuran 霍乱 "cholera of the Edo period"
a kind of food poisoning
also translated as "sunstroke"


sekiri 赤痢 (せきり) dysentery
..... ekiri 疫痢（えきり） hayate 颶風病（はやて）
Durchfall


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kigo for all autumn

gangasa 雁瘡 (がんがさ) "goose ekzema"
gansoo 雁瘡（がんそう）, kangasa 雁来瘡（がんがさ）


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***** Medical Kigo, seasonal affections and disorders 　SAD, the FLU ...

***** Medicine Day (kusuri no hi)Japan. Medicine-related kigo. Chinese Medicine.


***** Illness, disease and Hospital Stay
Topic


***** Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来、Buddha of Medicine

***** ..... The Gods of Japan and Haiku (kami to hotoke)
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Barley, Wheat

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Barley, wheat (mugi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Plant

*****************************
Explanation

There are various words corresponding to MUGI.

wheat, "small mugi" komugi, 小麦
Triticum aestivum

barley, "large mugi", oomugi,　大麦
Hordeum vulgare
..... "naked mugi", hadaka mugi 裸麦　

oats, "crow mugi", karasumugi 烏麦(からすむぎ)　
Avena fatua
..... enbaku 　燕麦(えんばく)　

Job's tears; tear grass , "dove mugi", hatomugi
鳩麦(はとむぎ)
Coix lacryma-jobi

for more details see below



Let us look at some kigo.




:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. . . . . SPRING

early spring

treading on barley/wheat fields, mugifumi 麦踏　(むぎふみ)
mugi o fumu 麦を踏む（むぎをふむ）



all spring

green barley/wheat, aomugi 青麦 (あおむぎ)
..... mugi aomu 麦青む（むぎあおむ）


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. . . . . SUMMER


The time when barley/wheat is ripe for the harvest is called "autumn", in reference to the time when rice is ripe for harvest.

early summer

mugi 麦 (むぎ) Mugi
homugi 穂麦（ほむぎ）ears of Mugi
..... mugi no ho 麦の穂（むぎのほ）

karasumugi 烏麦（からすむぎ）oats
..... ootomugi オート麦（おーとむぎ）
..... suzume mugi 雀麦（すずめむぎ）"sparrow oats"
chahikigusa 茶挽草（ちゃひきぐさ）


komugi 小麦（こむぎ）wheat

oomugi 大麦（おおむぎ）barley
..... "naked mugi", hadaka mugi 裸麦　
..... "skin mugi", kawamugi 皮麦（かわむぎ）

raimugi らいむぎ rye, Gerste
..... kuromugi 黒麦（くろむぎ）"black mugi"
Secale cereale

mugibatake 麦畑（むぎばたけ）mugi field
mugi u 麦生（むぎう）planted mugi

mugi no nami 麦の波（むぎのなみ）waves of mugi

yasemugi 痩麦（やせむぎ）thin, weakly mugi

wasemugi, wase mugi 早麦（わせむぎ） early mugi

.................................................................................

mugi no kuroho 麦の黒穂 (むぎのくろほ) black ears of mugi
from illness
..... kuroho 黒穂（くろほ） "black (grain) ears"

.................................................................................


"barley autumn", mugi no aki 麦の秋 (むぎのあき)
mugiaki 麦秋（むぎあき) bakushuu 麦秋（ばくしゅう）


"autumn wind on the barley/wheat fields" , mugi no akikaze
..... 麦の秋風 (むぎのあきかぜ)
storm on the barley/wheat, mugi arashi 麦嵐（むぎあらし）


rice with barley/wheat, mugimeshi 麦飯 (むぎめし)
plain barley/wheat cooked , sumugi すむぎ


harvesting barley/wheat 麦刈 ( むぎかり)
migi karu 麦刈る（むぎかる）
car transporting barley/wheat, mugiguruma 麦車（むぎぐるま）



threashing barley/wheat, mugikoki 麦扱 (むぎこき)
threashing maschine, mugikoki ki 麦扱機（むぎこきき）




threashing barley/wheat, mugi uchi 麦打 (むぎうち)
..... mugi tataki 麦叩（むぎたたき）, mugi tsuki 麦つき（むぎつき）
..... mugi kachi 麦搗（むぎかち）

pole for threashing, mugi no karasao
麦の殻竿（むぎのからさお）
dust from threashing, mugi bokori 麦埃（むぎぼこり）
burning barley/wheat, mugiyaki 麦焼き（むぎやき）


barley/wheat straw, mugiwara 麦藁 (むぎわら)
..... mugiwara 麦稈（むぎわら）


new barley/wheat, shinmugi 新麦 (しんむぎ )
barley/wheat of this year, kotoshi mugi 今年麦（ことしむぎ）


............................................

all summer



barley/wheat tea, mugiyu 麦湯 (むぎゆ)
mugicha 麦茶（むぎちゃ), mugicha hiayashi 麦茶冷し（むぎちゃひやし）
..... mugiyu hiyashi 麦湯冷し（むぎゆひやし）


"barley drink", beer, mugishu 麦酒（びーる）


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. . . . . AUTUMN

early autumn

hatomugi 鳩麦 (はとむぎ) Job's tears; tear grass,
..... hatomugi 川殻（はとむぎ）"dove mugi"
..... senkoku せんこく
juzudama 数珠玉 (じゅずだま) "rosary beads"
..... zuzuko ずずこ、toomugi 唐麦（とうむぎ）"Chinese wheat"
(sometimes placed in late autumn)


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. . . . . EARLY WINTER

mugi maki 麦蒔 (むぎまき) sowing wheat


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
distinguishes between these groups of MUGI

- - - yonbaku 四麦（よんばく） your types of mugi
komugi コムギ
oomugi オオムギの3変種 with three sub-groups
kawamugi カワムギ 皮麦、
hadaka mugi ハダカムギ
biiru mugi ビールムギ）

- - - sanbaku 三麦 three types of mugi
komugi コムギ
rokujoo oomugi 六条オオムギ
kawamugi カワムギ
hadakamugi ハダカムギ）

©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


The word komugi referes to the older spelling
ko mugi 古麦 "old mugi" or
komugi 粉麦 "mugo flour"

Since the Heian period,
komugi 小麦 was made into flour for noodles and
oomugi 大麦 was used as a grain like rice.

Since the Edo period, the word MUGI is usually used for oomugi 大麦 - barley.

小麦の日本での事情
source :　www2.odn.ne.jp/shokuzai


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Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way


the bride tosses
wheat grains over her shoulders –
sparrows flutter

Wheat grains or rice considered a symbol of prosperity and fertility.
The ritual of throwing wheat or rice signifies that the bride is paying back whatever parents have given her. In addition, it is as a gesture of wishing prosperity for the family she leaves behind.
This ritual is common among Hindus as well as Sikhs..

- Shared by Sandip Sital Chauhan -
Joys of Japan, September 2012






Why is rice thrown at weddings?
Since early Roman times some grain - usually wheat - has been associated with the wedding ceremony.
source : trivia/explain


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hatomugi Daruma tea
and dokudami Daruma tea

どくだみ・はとむぎ ダルマ


*****************************
HAIKU

甲斐の山中に立ち寄りて
Staying at a lodging in Yamanaka, Kaii province

行く駒の麦に慰む宿り哉
ゆく駒の麥になぐさむやどり哉
yuku koma no mugi ni nagusamu yadori kana
行駒の麦に慰むやどり哉
iku koma no mugi ni nagusamu yadori kana

The horse carrying me
Enjoys eating the ears of
Barley while resting!
Tr. Oseko

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3. Written in 1685.

Kaii was famous for its black horses.
The kigo is "mugi no aki" 麦秋.

my brave horse
solaced with munching barley
from the lodging . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

It is not too cold and not too warm to travel in the fourth lunar month. The horse is happy and Basho is looking forward to meet old friends soon. For now he is content watching his horse munching the barley and resting for the night somewhere "in the mountains" (yamanaka).

Basho is maybe close to Tsurushi town 都留市.
Or he is somewhere close to Lake Yamanaka 山中湖.

When is home in Edo had burned down in 1682, he had taken refuge for a while with a friend in Kaii and written two hokku about the famous horses.

馬ぼくぼく我を絵に見る夏野哉
馬ぼくぼく我を絵に見る心かな
uma hokuhoku ware o e ni miru natsu-no kana
uma bokuboku ware o e ni miru natsu no kana

I find myself in a picture
The cob ambles slowly
Across the summer moor.
Tr. Joan Giroux,

. WKD : Onomatopoetic words .


At Kaii, during
. Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行 .


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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麦秋や本の秋より寒い雨
mugi aki ya hon no aki yori samui ame

autumn of the barley -
the rain is colder than
in real autumn



麦の葉は春のさま也なく千鳥
mugi no ha wa haru no sama nari naku chidori

the leaves of wheat
look just like spring -
plovers singing


Kobayashi Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve



*****************************
Related words

***** Paddy, Fields, rice paddies (ta, hatake) Japan


***** Buckwheat (soba)


. PLANTS IN SUMMER - SAIJIKI

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Buds of trees (konome)

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Buds of trees (ko no me, konome)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All spring and see below
***** Category: Plant

*****************************
Explanation

Tree buds, who would not think of spring immediately. And in Japan, a lot of the sprouts end up on the dinner table and are eaten as tempura or in miso soup.

Some buds are early, some later in spring. Their beauty and vitality has been the theme of poetry since olden times. Their colors range from light greet to pink or even red.




tree buds, buds of trees, ko no me 木の芽 (このめ)

buds from special trees with names, nanoki no me
名木の芽（なのきのめ)
(like maples etc. see below)

..... ki no me きのめ、medachi 芽立（めだち）
..... kigi no me　木々の芽 buds of many trees
mebuku 芽吹く（めぶく）budding, buds coming out
budds are swelling, ko no me haru 木の芽張る（このめはる）

rain on the tree buds, konome ame
木の芽雨（このめあめ）
mountain with budding trees, konome yama
木の芽山（このめやま）

fence of budding trees, konome gaki
木の芽垣（このめがき）



sprout, tiller, shoot, bud, hikobae 蘖 (ひこばえ)
..... hikobayu ひこばゆ , yago　やご
late spring
Coming out of cut-down trees or from the side of the stem or branches, they show great vitality and life energy.



....................................................................................


mulberry tree buds, kuwa no me 桑の芽（くわのめ）


buds of the willow, yanagi no me 柳の芽 (やなぎのめ)
..... me yanagi 芽柳（めやなぎ）,
budding willow trees, mebari yanagi 芽ばり柳（めばりやなぎ）


mountain pepper buds, sanshoo no me
山椒の芽 (さんしょうのめ)
Also pronounced as "ki no mi" 木の実.


maple buds, kaede no me 楓の芽 (かえでのめ )


buds of the Chinese matrimony vine, kuko no me
枸杞の芽（くこのめ）
picking buds of the kuko vine, kuko tsumu 枸杞摘む（くこつむ）

They are used for Chinese medicine (kampo), so are the little red fruit later in the year.



tara no me, buds of the angelica tree
楤の芽 (たらのめ)
..... tara no me 多羅の芽（たらのめ）, udo modoki うどもどき、udome うどめ、tarame たらめ、
picking tara buds, tara tsumu 楤摘む（たらつむ）
They are a delicacy prepared as tempura ! and have the taste of spring. In my area, many people pick the wild ones in the afternoon to have them real fresh for their dinner.


devil's walking stick (tree), Japanese angelica tree
(Aralia elata), tara no ki たらの木 (たらのき, タラノキ)


and one more TARA kigo

tara no hana 楤の花 (たらのはな) aralia flowers
kigo for early autumn


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


.............................. Category SEASON

time for the tree buds, ko no me doki, konomedoki
木の芽時 (このめどき)
..... medachi doki 芽立時（めだちどき）

before the budding, medachi mae 芽立前（めだちまえ）

wind on the tree buds, konome kaze 木の芽風（このめかぜ）

spring wind on tree buds, konome harukaze　木の芽春風
spring rain on tree buds, konomi haruzame 木の芽春雨

fine weather on tree buds, konome bare 木の芽晴（このめばれ）




© Photo by Gabi Greve, 2007


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


kigo for early autumn

aki no me 秋の芽 (あきのめ) sprouts, buds in autumn
..... akime 秋芽


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


kigo for all winter

fuyume 冬芽 (ふゆめ) buds in winter
..... tooga 冬芽（とうが）
fuyuki no me 冬木の芽（ふゆきのめ）buds of winter trees


. . . . .

kigo for mid-winter

toojime 冬至芽 (とうじめ) buds at the winter solstice

. kiku no toojime 菊の冬至芽（きくのとうじめ）
chrysanthemum budding at the winter solstice



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Worldwide use


*****************************
Things found on the way


*****************************
HAIKU

朝夕に 雫のふとる 木の芽哉
asayuu ni shizuku no futoru konome kana

morning and evening
the dew swells
on the buds

Chiyo-ni (1703-1775)
Tr. Patricia Donegan & Yoshie Ishibashi





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一雫こぼして延びる木の芽かな
hito shizuku koboshite nobiru konome kana

one drop falls
and it swells -
this tree bud

有井諸九 . Arai Shokyuu （1714～1781）
Tr. Gabi Greve

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Some Haiku by Issa

木々おのおの名乗り出たる木の芽哉
kigi ono-ono nanori idetaru ko no me kana

every tree
with its calling card...
spring buds



木々もめを開らくやみだの本願寺
kigi mo me o hiraku ya mida no honganji

the tree buds, too
open up...
Amida's Hongan Temple

. Honganji 本願寺 Hongan-Ji, Hongwanji . Kyoto



深山木の芽出しもあへず喰れけり
miyama-gi no me dashi mo aezu kuware keri

deep mountain trees--
soon as buds appear
they're eaten



茨の芽も皆々人に喰れけり
bara no me mo mina-mina hito ni kuware keri

even wild rose buds--
all eaten
by people

Tr. David Lanoue


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木々の芽や新宅の庭とゝのはず
kigi no me ya shintaku no niwa totonowazu

The buds come out on the trees,
But the garden of the new house
Is not yet natural.

Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規
Tr. Blyth

Blyth's comment:

Thoreau says, of Wealland [s/b Welland] Canal:
"In the lapse of ages, Nature will recover and indemnify herself, and gradually plant fit shrubs and flowers along its borders....Thus all works pass directly out of the hands of the architect into the hands of Nature, to be perfected."

But what is interesting in Shiki's verse is the fact that it is the buds of the trees that bring out in reverse, the newness of the garden.



*****************************
Related words

BUDS of other plants



peony buds, botan no me 牡丹の芽 (ぼたんのめ)
early spring
These plants are rather indifferent toward the cold.


rose buds, bara no me 薔薇の芽 (ばらのめ)
early spring
The rose buds are a bit later than the peonies, usually in March. Some start in tints of pink, others rather green, some are round, some rather oblongated, others quite sharp. You can feel the power of life in these small buds.

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blue spring sky -
the sound of a bud
ready to burst








rosebuds in snow -
the softness of his hand
on my shoulder




© Photos and Haiku by Gabi Greve, 2007


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. WASHOKU
Buds of trees as food and KIGO for spring 　　



***** . PLANTS in all seasons - SAIJIKI



***** Young leaves (wakaba, Japan)


Photo © Gabi Greve


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Hibiscus (bussooge)

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Hibiscus (bussooge)

***** Location: Japan, Yemen
***** Season: Late Summer
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation


hibiscus, bussooge 仏桑花 (ぶっそうげ)
fusooka 扶桑花（ふそうか）
kookin 紅槿（こうきん）

"rose of sharon from Okinawa", ryuukyuu mukuge
琉球木槿（りゅうきゅうむくげ）
also called : Rose of China, rosa sinensis

haibisukasu ハイビスカス, はいびすかす




Hibiscus, or rosemallow, is a large genus of about 200–220 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae (the mallow family, along with members like cocoa, cotton, okra, baobab and durian) native to warm temperate, subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world. The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants, and woody shrubs and small trees.

The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin.

The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, ranging from white to pink, red, purple or yellow, and from 4-15 cm broad.

The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Bunga Raya or "Chinese hibiscus") is the national flower of Malaysia.
The ma‘o hau hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) is the state flower of Hawai‘i.

The Hibiscus syriacus (Mugunghwa or "Rose of Sharon") is the national flower of South Korea.

The Native Hibiscus is a national emblem of the Stolen Generation of indigenous peoples in Australia. Its colour denotes compassion and spiritual healing.

© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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kigo for late summer

ooshokki 黄蜀葵 (おうしょっき) Tororo aoi
..... tororo aoi とろろあおい (also Nebishi)
Abelmoschus manihot Medic. （Hibiscus manihot L.）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



ginsenka 銀盞花 (ぎんせんか) Flower-of-the-hour
..... fueisoo 富栄草（ふえいそう）
..... choorosoo 朝露草（ちょうろそう） "morning dew plant"
Hibiscus trionum


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kigo for all winter

tororo aoi tsuku 黄蜀葵搗く (とろろあおいつく)
pounding tororo aoi

kan nori 寒糊 (かんのり) glue made in the cold
from the root of the Tororo aoi plant.

This plant is used to make Japanese paper.


WKD : Paper making and related kigo


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Worldwide use

Yemen

topic for the whole year

Many are familiar with the striking flowers of the hibiscus which can be seen swaying freely in the breeze. It is not really surprising that the name is attributed the meaning of "delicate beauty". There are thousands of hues and combinations involving six basic colors in the color pattern, white, yellow, orange, pink and brown. The flowers can be singles or doubles. The hibiscus, an evergreen shrub, reaches about four meters.
©　When Yemen Blooms



Akhraba's rose of sharon
circling
on my way home

Heike Gewi, Yemen 2008


YEMEN SAIJIKI


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

仏桑花六月晦日年の臍
bussooge rokugatsu misoka toshi no heso

hibiscus
last day of June
the navel of the year

Fuuten Tora
©　おしゃべり日記俳句


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Related words


***** Rose of Sharon, althea, mukuge 木槿
kigo for early autumn
mokuge



fence with the rose of Sharon,
mukuge gaki 木槿垣（むくげがき）

white rose of Sharon, shiro mukuge白木槿（しろむくげ）
red rose of Sharon, beni mukuge 紅木槿（べにむくげ）

blossoms of the rose of Sharon, hana mukuge
花木槿（はなむくげ）、kihachisu きはちす


quote
- The Complete Works Of Chuang Tzu -

Little understanding cannot come up to great understanding;
the shortlived cannot come up to the long-lived.

How do I know this is so? The morning mushroom knows nothing of twilight and dawn; the summer cicada knows nothing of spring and autumn. They are the short-lived. South of Ch'u there is a caterpillar which counts five hundred years as one spring and five hundred years as one autumn.
Long, long ago there was a great rose of Sharon that counted eight thousand years as one spring and eight thousand years as one autumn. They are the long-lived. Yet P'eng-tsu alone is famous today for having lived a long time, and everybody tries to ape him. Isn't it pitiful!

Translated by Burton Watson
source : terebess.hu


. Chinese background of Japanese kigo .


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The Rose of Sharon is a flower of uncertain identity mentioned in English language translations of the Bible. The word in question is the Hebrew, which has been uncertainly linked to the words, meaning 'bulb', and , which is understood as meaning either 'pungent' or 'splendid'. The name first appears in 1611, when it was used in the King James Version of the Bible. According to an annotation at Song of Solomon 2.1 by the translation committee of the New Revised Standard Version, this is a mistranslation of the Hebrew word for "crocus".

Today, the name is also commonly applied to two different plants, neither of which is likely to have been the plant from the Bible:

Hypericum calycinum, an evergreen flowering shrub native to southeast Europe and southwest Asia, and the plant generally referred to in British and Australian English as "Rose of Sharon";

and

Hibiscus syriacus, a deciduous flowering shrub native to east Asia, the plant generally referred to in American English as "Rose of Sharon" and the national flower of South Korea. The flower's name in Korean is mugunghwa (Korean Hangul: 무궁화, Hanja: 無窮花).
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


道のべの木槿は馬にくはれけり
michinobe no mukuge wa uma ni kuwarekeri

Blooming by the road
mallow flowers
eaten by the horse

Matsuo Basho
Tr. Bin AKIO


roadside rose of
sharon devoured
by my horse
Tr. Barnhill


by the road
a rose mallow ... it has been
eaten by my horse!
Tr. Ueda


As for the hibiscus
on the roadside—
my horse ate it.
Tr. Hass


Am Straßenrand
die Sharonrose, von meinem Pferd
gefressen
Tr. Udo Wenzel


The cut marker KERI is at the end of line 3.

Nozarashi Kiko
On the day of crossing the river Oigawa 大井川.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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酒冷すちょろちょろ川の槿哉
sake hiyasu choro-choro kawa no mukuge kana

cooling my sake
in a bubbeling stream -
Rose of Sharon


あつぱれに咲揃ふ昼の槿哉
appare ni saki-sorou hiru no mukuge kana

splendidly blooming
en masse, midday's
roses of Sharon
Tr. David Lanoue


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 - Introduction . .


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White hibiscus friends
Gabi Greve, August 2010


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. PLANTS IN SUMMER - SAIJIKI

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