Paper mulberry leaf

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Paper mulberry leaf (kaji no ha)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Early autumn
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation




kaji no ha 梶の葉 (かじのは ) paper mulberry leaf

kaji no nanaha 梶の七葉（かじのななは）
"seven lobes of a paper mulberry leaf"

kaji no ha no uta 梶葉の歌（かじのはのうた）
poem on a the paper mullbery leaf

kaji no ha uri 梶葉売（かじのはうり）vendor of paper mulberry leaves

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seven Tanabata princesses 七姫 (ななひめ) nanahime
the seven different names for the Orihime Tanabata princes, Weaver Girl, Vega.

Akisari hime 秋去姫（あきさりひめ） "autumn leaves"
(she has just finished weaving a dress for autumn)
Takimono hime 薫姫（たきものひめ） "incense"
(reminder to an old Chinese legend of Kikoden 乞巧奠)
Sasageni hime ささがに姫（ささがにひめ） "spider"
(she is like a spider weaving her net or weaving her wish into the spider net and hope it will come true)
Momoko hime 百子姫（ももこひめ） "milky way"
(reminder of the pond "Momoko", most probably another name for the milky way)
Ito-ori hime 糸織姫（いとおりひめ） "thread spinning"
(she is weaving robes for the deities)
Asagao hime 朝顔姫（あさがおひめ） "morning glory"
(asagao, another name is "flower of the cowherd" けんぎゅうばな【牽牛花】 , so she is the wife of the cowherd)

kaji no ha hime 梶の葉姫（かじのはひめ）
"princess of the paper mulberry leaf"
.. she writes seven poems on seven leaves and lets them float to her heavenly lover ..

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Broussonetia papyrifera
The Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera, syn. Morus papyrifera L.) is a tree in the family Moraceae, native to eastern Asia. Other names include Halibun, Kalivon, Kozo, and Tapacloth tree.

It is a deciduous tree growing to 15 metres tall. The leaves are variable in shape (even on the same branch), unlobed ovate cordate to deeply lobed, with lobed leaves more frequent on fast-growing young plants; they are 7–20 centimetres long, with a rough surface above, fuzzy-downy below and a finely serrated margin. The male (staminate) flowers are produced in an oblong inflorescence, and the female (pistillate) flowers in a globular inflorescence. In summer, the pistillate flower matures into a red to orange, sweet, juicy fruit 3–4 centimetres diameter, which is an important food for wild animals. The fruit is edible and very sweet, but too fragile to be commercialised.

The bark is composed of very strong fibres, and can be used for making high-quality paper.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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kaji no ki カジノキ（梶の木）paper mulberry tree and
its leaves are a popular family crest.



鬼梶の葉　 and others
source : www.harimaya.com


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kigo for early autumn

kajimari 梶の鞠（かじのまり）
paper mulberry kickball for the
Tanabata star festival rituals

Asukai no mari 飛鳥井の鞠（あすかいのまり）kickball at Asukai
Asukai is an old noble family which has the kickball game as their family tradtion. Now obligatory at the shrine Shiramine in Kyoto.

Tanabata no mari 七夕の鞠（たなばたのまり）kickball at Tanabata
Tanabata no kemari 七夕の蹴鞠（たなばたのけまり）
koozo no mari 楮の鞠（こうぞのまり）paper mulberry kickball



source : kata2.wablog.com


Kemari is a traditional game in which several players (usually eight priests) form a circle and try to kick a ball back and forth between themselves, without allowing the ball to fall to the ground.
No player is allowed to use their hands. When the players kick the ball, they call to each other in way of encouragement. Special traditional clothing is worn, and there are no winners or losers, and no time limits. Therefore, it is important for the players to kick the ball to each other as accurately as possible. Anyone can really play this game, regardless of sex, skill level or age. It is a game to be played and enjoyed.
This game is thought to have come to Japan from China around 1400 years ago.
source : www.kyopro.kufs.ac.jp


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


In astronomy, the Pleiades, or seven sisters, are an open star cluster in the constellation of Taurus. It is among the nearest star clusters to Earth and is the cluster most obvious to the naked eye in the night sky. Pleiades has several meanings in different cultures and traditions.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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HAIKU


source :　shoshujinet


梶の葉を朗詠集の栞かな
kaji no ha o Rooeishuu no shiori kana

I use a mulberry leaf
as a bookmark
for the Roeishu collection

Yosa Buson　与謝蕪村


Wakan Rooeishuu 和漢朗詠集 Wakan Roeishu
"Japanese and Chinese Poems to recite"



Wakan rōeishū
Compiled by Fujiwara no Kintō ca. 1013.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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梶の葉の歌をしゃぶりて這ふ子哉
kaji no ha no uta o shaburite hau ko kana

sucking on the
mulberry leaf poem...
the crawling child



子宝が蚯蚓のたるぞ梶の葉に
ko-dakara ga mimizu no taru zo kaji no ha ni

the treasured child's
wormy scribbles...
mulberry leaf

Kobayashi Issa




This haiku refers to the Tanabata Festival, which takes place on the seventh day of Seventh Month. According to a romantic legend, two celestial lovers--the stars Altair and Vega--are separated by Heaven's River (the Milky Way). One night a year (Tanabata night), they cross the starry river to be together. In honor of the star lovers, a "Star Poem" is written on mulberry leaves.
The child's poor handwriting resembles the squiggles of earthworms.

Robin D. Gill writes,
"The kaji is and is not a mulberry in the same sense a flowering cherry is and is not a prunus, or plum. It is in the mulberry family but not a mulberry per se. This is important because 'mulberry' makes one think of the silk-worms fed on its leaves and hence the weaver, while the kaji is used for writing poems (about the lovers, the weather conditions and the wishes of the poet) because of other associations, namely the shape is said to resemble sculling oars (the upper two parts of the five-part leaf seem like the handle and the bottom three the oar) or, alternatively, the heart, a good shape to write wishes on.
Such explanation may be a folk invention, for the plant is one of a few held to be particularly sacred in Shinto, but there is more: a sculling/steering 'oar' is also kaji, so most old poems, athough using the Chinese character for the plant, use the word to mean 'oar', for the boat used to cross the river for the starry tryst."
source : Tr. David Lanoue


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Tanabata princess -
her poem floats
on a scented leaf

Gabi Greve
(studying for this entry, July 2009)


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Related words

***** Star Festival (Tanabata, Japan)
Milky Way (ama no gawa)

***** First Kick-Ball Game (mari hajime) New Year



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Stonefish (okoze)

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Stonefish (okoze)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: See below
***** Category: Fish

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Explanation

kawa okoze 川おこぜ（かわおこぜ）
another name for
bullhead, kajika 鰍 (かじか) 杜父魚
kigo for all autumn

. . . CLICK here for kajika Photos !

Cottus pollux, sculpins


- - - - - not to mix up with

. kajika 河鹿, kajikagaeru　河鹿蛙 river frog .
Polypedates buergeri

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okoze 虎魚 (おこぜ, オコゼ ) stonefish
kigo for all summer

Goliath Tiger fish 乕魚






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There are two species of 'stonefish', Synanceja verrucosa and Syanaceja horrida also known as the the reef stone or dornorn. They are carnivorous ray-finned fish with venomous spines that lives on reef bottoms, camouflaged as a rock.
The Stonefish is the most venomous fish in the world. Its dorsal area is lined with 13 spines that release venom from two sacs attached to each spine.

The average length of most stonefish is about 30-40 centimeters. The largest Stonefish ever recorded was 51 centimeters long. It has a mottled greenish to mostly brown colour which aids in its ability to camouflage itself among the rocks of many of the tropical reefs. It eats mostly small fish, shrimp and other crustaceans.

The primary commercial significance of the stonefish is as an aquarium pet, but they are also sold for their meat in Hong Kong markets. In addition, stonefish is also consumed in Japan as expensive sashimi cuisine (called okoze, オコゼ). Stonefish can survive out of water for up to 20 hours.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Often ends up on the sushi plate.
Fish and Seafood ... SAIJIKI


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Worldwide use

Steinfisch, Kaulkopf, Spinnenfisch


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Things found on the way




Okoze from Bizen Pottery

source : 実法寺窯/ かしのきの里


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. Daruma-okoze [魚]ダルマオコゼ
monkey fish, Erosa erosa



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HAIKU

koi wa bi no okoze wa oni no samusa kana

beautiful like a carp
develish ugly like the devil stinger
--- this cold

Suzuki Masajo
Tr. Gabi Greve


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鬼をこぜ 石にあらずと動きけり 　
oniokoze ishi ni arazu to ugokikeri

"Demon Stonefish" ...
not being a stone
it moves　　　

Kato Shunson (Katoo Shunson) 加藤楸邨
Tr. Gabi Greve




oniokoze, oni-okoze オニオコゼ（鬼鰧、鬼虎魚)
Inimicus japonicus - devil stonefish

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

. Yamanokami 山の神様 Yama no Kamisama .
The God of the Mountain and legends about
okoze 虎魚 / 鰧魚 / オコゼ / ヲコゼ stonefish
okojo オコジョ dried Okoze


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Related words

***** Fish and Seafood ... SAIJIKI

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- #okoze #stonefish -
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White dew (shiratsuyu)

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White dew (shiratsuyu, hakuro)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Heaven

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Explanation

white dew, shiratsuyu, shira-tsuyu, shira tsuyu, hakuro 白露




Read all about
Dew, dewdrops (tsuyu)


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Memorial stone of a haiku by Matsuo Basho.

白露もこぼさぬ萩のうねりかな　　
shiratsuyu mo kobosanu hagi no uneri kana　



the white dew
is not even scattered (while) the bush clover
is swaying . . .
Literal translation by Gabi Greve

Temple Myo-O In in Gunma and Fudo Myo-O

(This haiku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 2.)

A bit more poetic, but neglecting the KANA

not even spilling
the white dew -
swaying bush clover





. . . Compiled by Larry Bole

This haiku of Basho's is from 1693, the year before he died. Bush clover ('hagi') is traditionally associated with dew, among other things. Bush clover has also been used to represent women, as Basho did in his "bush clover and moon" haiku from "The Narrow Road."

Though bush-clover
always stirs,
not one dewdrop falls.
trans. Lucien Stryk


without dropping
its bright white dew,
a bush clover sways
trans. Barnhill


Bushclover undulates
without scattering
the white dew
trans. Stephen Addiss


Bush clover in blossom waves
Without spilling
A drop of dew.
translator not found--see:
http://thegreenleaf.co.uk/HP/basho/00Bashohaiku.htm



The flowers of the bush-clover
Do not let fall, for all their swaying,
Their drops of bright dew.
trans. Blyth

Blyth comments:
The lespedeza, or bush-clover, is a graceful bush-like plant whose stems rise from the ground and bend over all together like the spray of a fountain. When the wind blows, the bushes move in waves, but the white and red blossoms do not drop the dew or rain that they hold.
This verse is to some extent a picture, but only a poet could paint it, and only a poet could see it.
[end of comment]



Bush-clover does not spill
one small white dewdrop--though its waves
are never still.
trans. Henderson

Henderson comments:
Other versions have 'wo' for 'mo', and 'hito-tsuyu' (one dewdrop) for 'shiro-tsuyu'. This translation is rather free, in the belief that 'uneri' refers more to waves like the waves of a wheat field than to the actual curve of the branches..., and that "dewdrop" has its usual suggestion of short human life. There are many explanations of this poem, ranging from the highly religious to the erotic.
[end of comment]




Where I have shown an ellipses in Henderson's comment, he is making a comparative reference to a haiku by Issa (regarding bush-clover and waves):

hagi mohaya ironaru nami ya yu harai

Bush-clover there,
now all in waves of color:
evening prayer!
Issa, trans. Henderson

Henderson says that this haiku is a "picture of the Hagi-Tamagawa at sunset."

He goes on to say:
"There were six Tamagawa (Jewel Rivers　玉川) all celebrated in literature and art."


Hagi Tamagawa 萩の玉川

Mu Tamagawa　六玉川 Six Tama Rivers

Six Tamagawa by Hiroshige

Toi Tama River
Noji Tama River 野路の玉川
. Ide Tama River 井手の玉川 Ide no Tamagawa - Kyoto .
Chofu Tama River 調布の玉川
Koya Tama River 高野の玉川
Noda Tama River 野田の玉川

other varieties include
たづくりの玉川 Tazukuri no Tamagawa　
橋衣の玉川　
. Cloth-fulling Jewel River 壔衣の玉川 .

Tamagawa is also spelled: 多摩川


Mu Tamagawa Go Nenkan - Almanac of Six Jewel Rivers
Six poems on Jewel rivers by most respectable poets.
presented by Wolfgang Klose
source : mu_tamagawa.html



Utagawa Hiroshige
- Reference -


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- - - - - Yosa Buson - - - - -





白露や茨の刺にひとつづつ
白露や茨の刺に一つずつ
shiratsuyu ya ibara no toge ni hitotsu-zutsu

White dew on the bramble;
One drop
On each thorn.
Tr. Blyth

White dew--
one drop
on each thorn.
Tr. Hass


Morning dewdrops--
Upon the briar thorns
One on each.
Tr. Nelson/Saito



White drops of dew
on spines of the thornbush,
one for each!
Tr. Sawa/ Shiffert



quote
White dew –
A drop on each thorn
Of the bramble.

It is very simple. There are only two elements — the dew and the bramble, but notice how they are presented. A single drop hangs from each of the thorns on a branch of the bramble. We see its cold transparence in the light of morning — the yin softness of water, the yang hardness of the bramble thorns. One element is very transitory — soon gone when the sun rises higher — the other more permanent, but still as transient on its own time scale.

It is a good idea to have something that moves or changes in hokku. Generally we see things that do so obviously — a branch moving in the wind, a fish swimming through the water. But in this hokku the movement is only implied, and very subtle — the temporary nature of the dew, the knowledge not only that at any moment one of those drops could fall from a thorn, but that the dew itself will likely only last the morning.

Buson sometimes tended to spoil his hokku by making them too artificial, too contrived from literary sources, or too obviously intended to impress. He was both a painter and a writer, and his writing is often influenced by his painting. But in this hokku it is the simplicity and faithfulness to Nature that saves him.
source : David Coomler

. WKD : Wild roses (茨 ibara, nobara) .


白露やさつ男の胸毛ぬるるほど
shiratsuyu ya satsu-o no munage nururu hodo

With a frost of dewdrops
The hairs upon the hunter's chest
Are dripping wet.
Tr. McAuley

White dewdrops!
Enough to dampen the hair
on the hunter's chest.
Tr. Sawa/ Shiffert

satsuo 猟男 - 猟夫 a hunter


白露の身や葛の葉の裏借家 - shiratsuyu no mi ya

白露の篠原に出る檜原かな - shiratsuyu no shinohara


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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- - - - - Kobayashi Issa - - - - -

白露に片袖寒き朝日哉
shira tsuyu ni kata sode samuki asahi kana

one sleeve cold
with clear dew
in morning sun
Tr. Chris Drake

This autumn hokku was written between 1797 and 1799, when Issa was traveling around in western Japan, returning to Edo by 1799. The nights are getting longer and colder, and dew lies thick early in the morning. The point of view in the hokku suggests it is probably based on an experience Issa had. If so, then when Issa set out, there was dew on both his sleeves, but as he walks along the morning sun shines on him at an angle, warming and drying only one sleeve, leaving him with the uncanny feeling of living in the past and the present at the same time. His cold, wet sleeve in shadow still somehow "contains" time from the previous night and from when he set out, while the other sleeve, in sunlight, is comfortable and warm and forward-looking, foretelling the future of the sleeve in shadow.

Dewdrops are a widely used image in Japanese poetry and religion for time passing and the ephemerality of all things, but it is difficult to portray the exact moment when a dewdrop vanishes in the light and heat of the sun. This hokku, however, manages to obliquely suggest that moment by using a robe and the wearer of the robe (and by extension, the human body) as a physical representation of the moment of the dew's disappearance, thus spatializing time. The distance between one sleeve and the other (the width of the wearer's body or body-mind) is also the amount of time Issa has been walking in the sun, as if time were something palpable. This image implicitly affirms the Buddhist notion of the human body as a form of clear, translucent dew in motion -- a form that is easily disguised by the dry, relatively unchanging shapes of the daylight world, including the shapes of dry robes. The concept is old, but a physical experience of the concept by means of, for example, a hokku is hard to attain.

Chris Drake

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


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. . Compiled by Larry Bole

白露に阿吽の旭さしにけり
shiratsuyu ni aun no asahi sashinikeri

On the white dewdrops
Shines the alpha and omega
Of morning sunlight.
Boosha, trans. Donald Keene


shiratsuyu ni shigo ken no komura kana

In the white dew,
Four or five houses,
A hamlet.
Shiki, trans. Blyth


shiratsuyu ni joudomairi no keiko kana

From the white dew-drops,
Learn the way
To the Pure Land.
Issa, trans. Blyth



shiratsuyu ni sabishiki aji o wasururu na

Never forget
The lonely taste
Of the white dew.

Basho, trans. Blyth


白露や死んでゆく日も帯しめて
shiratsuyu ya shinde yuku hi mo obi shimete

the white dew . . .
on the day when I die too
tying my obi

Mitsuhashi Takajo
trans. UVa Library Etext Center: Japanese TextInitiative



And speaking of shiratsuyu, during WWII,
the Japanese Navy named various types of destroyers after various types of weather, and other elements of nature, such as varous moon names, various wind names, clouds, seasons. There was a class of destroyers called Shiratsuyu (White Dew, Shimmering Dew), named after the lead ship of the class.
I suspect there were a lot of names of Japanese destroyers that could be found as words used in haiku and other Japanese poetry.


白露型



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In a gust of wind the white dew
On the autumn grass
Scatters like a broken necklace.

—Bunya No Asayasu
.. Tr. Sam Hamill, Love Poems from the Japanese



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Related words

***** Dew, dewdrops (tsuyu)

***** Bush clover (hagi)

***** ..... WHITE in Haiku (shiroi, haku)

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Beans in autumn

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Beans in autumn

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

There are quite a few beans harvested in autumn. Let us look at the related kigo.

early autumn

new adzuki beans, shin azuki 新小豆 (しんあずき)


black beans, azemame 畦豆 (あぜまめ)
ta no kuromame 田畦豆（たのくろまめ）, kuromame くろまめ
"aze" are the small paths between the rice paddies, where the beans are grown.
kuromame do not need much fertile soil and grow along the paddies. When boiled with vinegar for a sushi rice, they color the rice red as with azuki beans.
kuromame sushi 黒豆寿司
Topped with some yellow eggs it makes food for festival days.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !　




green beans, ingen mame 隠元豆 (いんげんまめ)
ingen 菜豆（いんげん）, saya ingen 莢隠元（さやいんげん）
uzura mame 鶉豆（うずらまめ）
toosasage 唐豇（とうささげ）
ingen sasage 隠元豇（いんげんささげ）
"wisteria bean", fujimame 藤豆 (ふじまめ)
..... fujimame 鵲豆（ふじまめ）
..... sengoku mame 千石豆（せんごくまめ）
kakimame 籬豆 (かきまめ)
hasshoo mame 八升豆（はっしょうまめ）
.... enrimame 沿籬豆（えんりまめ）
a kind of cowpea; a black-eyed pea; a southern pea. Most are some kind of green bean of the INGEN Type.

The ingen mame gets its name from the priest Ingen who brought the beans (ingen mame 隠元豆) from China in the 16th century.
Embassies to China 遣唐使 Gabi Greve



a kind of cowpea; a black-eyed pea; a southern pea
sasage 豇豆 ささげ, juuroku sasage 十六豇豆（じゅうろくささげ）
juuhachi sasage 十八豇豆（じゅうはちささげ)
long sasage, naga sasage 長豇豆（ながささげ）


"sword beans" natamame 刀豆 (なたまめ)
natamame 鉈豆（なたまめ）, tachihaki たちはき

Their beans are sometimes crushed to prepare a tea.


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mid-autumn

new soy beans, shin daizu 新大豆 しんだいず


"green beans" bundoo 緑豆 ( ぶんどう)
..... bundoo 文豆（ぶんどう）, yaenari やえなり
also read "ryokutoo"



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peanuts, rakkasei 落花生 (らっかせい)
late autumn
piinatsu ピーナツ
"beans from Nanking", Nankin Mame 南京豆（なんきんまめ）



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Worldwide use

Philippines

Peanuts
topic for all seasons

In the Philippines, peanuts are grown throughout the year, but maybe the crunchiest are eaten in summer.

Pulling up the plant
in the loamy soil
for crunchy peanuts.

- Willie Bongcaron, Manila


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

なたまめや垣もゆかりのむらさき野
natamame ya kaki mo yukari no murasaki no

Buson 蕪村

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koohii pii -
the wonderful world
of Japanese sweets　


. Peanuts Haiku by
Gabi Greve



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Related words


***** Beans and human acitvities in Haiku

***** Tofu (toofu), bean curd Japan

***** Setsubun (Japan) ..
Bean Throwing Festival, February 3

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Barley, Wheat

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Barley, wheat (mugi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

There are various words corresponding to MUGI.

wheat, "small mugi" komugi, 小麦
Triticum aestivum

barley, "large mugi", oomugi,　大麦
Hordeum vulgare
..... "naked mugi", hadaka mugi 裸麦　

oats, "crow mugi", karasumugi 烏麦(からすむぎ)　
Avena fatua
..... enbaku 　燕麦(えんばく)　

Job's tears; tear grass , "dove mugi", hatomugi
鳩麦(はとむぎ)
Coix lacryma-jobi

for more details see below



Let us look at some kigo.




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. . . . . SPRING

early spring

treading on barley/wheat fields, mugifumi 麦踏　(むぎふみ)
mugi o fumu 麦を踏む（むぎをふむ）



all spring

green barley/wheat, aomugi 青麦 (あおむぎ)
..... mugi aomu 麦青む（むぎあおむ）


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. . . . . SUMMER


The time when barley/wheat is ripe for the harvest is called "autumn", in reference to the time when rice is ripe for harvest.

early summer

mugi 麦 (むぎ) Mugi
homugi 穂麦（ほむぎ）ears of Mugi
..... mugi no ho 麦の穂（むぎのほ）

karasumugi 烏麦（からすむぎ）oats
..... ootomugi オート麦（おーとむぎ）
..... suzume mugi 雀麦（すずめむぎ）"sparrow oats"
chahikigusa 茶挽草（ちゃひきぐさ）


komugi 小麦（こむぎ）wheat

oomugi 大麦（おおむぎ）barley
..... "naked mugi", hadaka mugi 裸麦　
..... "skin mugi", kawamugi 皮麦（かわむぎ）

raimugi らいむぎ rye, Gerste
..... kuromugi 黒麦（くろむぎ）"black mugi"
Secale cereale

mugibatake 麦畑（むぎばたけ）mugi field
mugi u 麦生（むぎう）planted mugi

mugi no nami 麦の波（むぎのなみ）waves of mugi

yasemugi 痩麦（やせむぎ）thin, weakly mugi

wasemugi, wase mugi 早麦（わせむぎ） early mugi

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mugi no kuroho 麦の黒穂 (むぎのくろほ) black ears of mugi
from illness
..... kuroho 黒穂（くろほ） "black (grain) ears"

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"barley autumn", mugi no aki 麦の秋 (むぎのあき)
mugiaki 麦秋（むぎあき) bakushuu 麦秋（ばくしゅう）


"autumn wind on the barley/wheat fields" , mugi no akikaze
..... 麦の秋風 (むぎのあきかぜ)
storm on the barley/wheat, mugi arashi 麦嵐（むぎあらし）


rice with barley/wheat, mugimeshi 麦飯 (むぎめし)
plain barley/wheat cooked , sumugi すむぎ


harvesting barley/wheat 麦刈 ( むぎかり)
migi karu 麦刈る（むぎかる）
car transporting barley/wheat, mugiguruma 麦車（むぎぐるま）



threashing barley/wheat, mugikoki 麦扱 (むぎこき)
threashing maschine, mugikoki ki 麦扱機（むぎこきき）




threashing barley/wheat, mugi uchi 麦打 (むぎうち)
..... mugi tataki 麦叩（むぎたたき）, mugi tsuki 麦つき（むぎつき）
..... mugi kachi 麦搗（むぎかち）

pole for threashing, mugi no karasao
麦の殻竿（むぎのからさお）
dust from threashing, mugi bokori 麦埃（むぎぼこり）
burning barley/wheat, mugiyaki 麦焼き（むぎやき）


barley/wheat straw, mugiwara 麦藁 (むぎわら)
..... mugiwara 麦稈（むぎわら）


new barley/wheat, shinmugi 新麦 (しんむぎ )
barley/wheat of this year, kotoshi mugi 今年麦（ことしむぎ）


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all summer



barley/wheat tea, mugiyu 麦湯 (むぎゆ)
mugicha 麦茶（むぎちゃ), mugicha hiayashi 麦茶冷し（むぎちゃひやし）
..... mugiyu hiyashi 麦湯冷し（むぎゆひやし）


"barley drink", beer, mugishu 麦酒（びーる）


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. . . . . AUTUMN

early autumn

hatomugi 鳩麦 (はとむぎ) Job's tears; tear grass,
..... hatomugi 川殻（はとむぎ）"dove mugi"
..... senkoku せんこく
juzudama 数珠玉 (じゅずだま) "rosary beads"
..... zuzuko ずずこ、toomugi 唐麦（とうむぎ）"Chinese wheat"
(sometimes placed in late autumn)


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. . . . . EARLY WINTER

mugi maki 麦蒔 (むぎまき) sowing wheat


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The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
distinguishes between these groups of MUGI

- - - yonbaku 四麦（よんばく） your types of mugi
komugi コムギ
oomugi オオムギの3変種 with three sub-groups
kawamugi カワムギ 皮麦、
hadaka mugi ハダカムギ
biiru mugi ビールムギ）

- - - sanbaku 三麦 three types of mugi
komugi コムギ
rokujoo oomugi 六条オオムギ
kawamugi カワムギ
hadakamugi ハダカムギ）

©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


The word komugi referes to the older spelling
ko mugi 古麦 "old mugi" or
komugi 粉麦 "mugo flour"

Since the Heian period,
komugi 小麦 was made into flour for noodles and
oomugi 大麦 was used as a grain like rice.

Since the Edo period, the word MUGI is usually used for oomugi 大麦 - barley.

小麦の日本での事情
source :　www2.odn.ne.jp/shokuzai


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


the bride tosses
wheat grains over her shoulders –
sparrows flutter

Wheat grains or rice considered a symbol of prosperity and fertility.
The ritual of throwing wheat or rice signifies that the bride is paying back whatever parents have given her. In addition, it is as a gesture of wishing prosperity for the family she leaves behind.
This ritual is common among Hindus as well as Sikhs..

- Shared by Sandip Sital Chauhan -
Joys of Japan, September 2012






Why is rice thrown at weddings?
Since early Roman times some grain - usually wheat - has been associated with the wedding ceremony.
source : trivia/explain


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hatomugi Daruma tea
and dokudami Daruma tea

どくだみ・はとむぎ ダルマ


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HAIKU

甲斐の山中に立ち寄りて
Staying at a lodging in Yamanaka, Kaii province

行く駒の麦に慰む宿り哉
ゆく駒の麥になぐさむやどり哉
yuku koma no mugi ni nagusamu yadori kana
行駒の麦に慰むやどり哉
iku koma no mugi ni nagusamu yadori kana

The horse carrying me
Enjoys eating the ears of
Barley while resting!
Tr. Oseko

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3. Written in 1685.

Kaii was famous for its black horses.
The kigo is "mugi no aki" 麦秋.

my brave horse
solaced with munching barley
from the lodging . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

It is not too cold and not too warm to travel in the fourth lunar month. The horse is happy and Basho is looking forward to meet old friends soon. For now he is content watching his horse munching the barley and resting for the night somewhere "in the mountains" (yamanaka).

Basho is maybe close to Tsurushi town 都留市.
Or he is somewhere close to Lake Yamanaka 山中湖.

When is home in Edo had burned down in 1682, he had taken refuge for a while with a friend in Kaii and written two hokku about the famous horses.

馬ぼくぼく我を絵に見る夏野哉
馬ぼくぼく我を絵に見る心かな
uma hokuhoku ware o e ni miru natsu-no kana
uma bokuboku ware o e ni miru natsu no kana

I find myself in a picture
The cob ambles slowly
Across the summer moor.
Tr. Joan Giroux,

. WKD : Onomatopoetic words .


At Kaii, during
. Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行 .


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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麦秋や本の秋より寒い雨
mugi aki ya hon no aki yori samui ame

autumn of the barley -
the rain is colder than
in real autumn



麦の葉は春のさま也なく千鳥
mugi no ha wa haru no sama nari naku chidori

the leaves of wheat
look just like spring -
plovers singing


Kobayashi Issa
Tr. Gabi Greve



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Related words

***** Paddy, Fields, rice paddies (ta, hatake) Japan


***** Buckwheat (soba)


. PLANTS IN SUMMER - SAIJIKI

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Fulling block (kinuta)

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Fulling block (kinuta)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All Autumn
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation




Fulling blocks are wooden mallets used to beat the washing to get it dry and soft during the Edo period. They also gave a special shine to the beaten cloth. They were hit on a wooden block or on stone, sometimes near the river where the washing was one. "Pounding cloth" is another translation of this activity.
This is one of the evening jobs of a farming family, called "night work" yonabe, see below.

The name KINUTA seems to have derived from kinu ita 衣板, a board for beating silk.

This kind of mallet is also used for other material to make it soft for processing into goods, as in the kigo for straw, paper and arrow root. This kind of work was often done in the dark evenings by the farmers wifes, since they had so many other jobs to do during daytime light.
fulling-block
Gabi Greve






kinuta . . .
chirps of the crickets
between beats

- Shared by Elaine Andre -


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fulling block, washing mallet, kinuta 砧 (きぬた)
hitting with the mallet, kinuta utsu 衣打つ（ころもうつ）
hitting cloth with a mallet, toui 擣衣（とうい）

using the washing mallet in the evening, yuu kinuta 夕砧（ゆうきぬた）
..... yoi kinuta 宵砧（よいきぬた）
..... sayo kinuta 小夜砧（さよきぬた）

hearing the beating sound of a washing mallet from afar
too kinuta 遠砧（とおきぬた）
fulling block mallet, kinuta no tsuchi 砧の槌（きぬたのつち）

block for the mallet, kinuta ban 砧盤（きぬたばん）


mallet for beating straw, wara kinuta 藁砧（わらきぬた）
To make the straw softer for processing into goods like straw sandals or straw raincoats in the Edo period.


Other uses for hitting material to make it softer and workable:

mallet for hitting paper, kami kinuta 紙砧（かみきぬた）
mallet for hitting arrow root, kuzu kinuta 葛砧（くずきぬた）


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Traditional "ironing" in Korea and Japan

In Korea the drumming of traditional ironing sticks was traditionally called a joyful sound. Even though it didn't please all ears, it was a symbol of a secure home life. In Japan the beating of a single mallet pounding fabric smooth was associated with melancholy - in poetry at least. In Korea two women knelt on the floor, facing each other across a smoothing stone or tatumi-tol, a pangmangi club in each hand, beating out a rhythm on the cloth. This kind of "ironing" looks more solitary in Japanese art, where a woman kneels alone before a fulling block or kinuta and hammers with a single mallet. ...

The Japanese fulling-block and Korean smoothing-stone, like so many other tools used in pressing cloth, had their uses in manufacturing new cloth as well as in maintaining laundered fabric. (Fulling involves beating the fibres to make the cloth thicker and/or softer.)

Read the full article with photos HERE
　© www.oldandinteresting.com


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The woman pounding cloth on a fulling block is the heroine of a Noh play.
The wife strikes the block throughout the night hoping that the sound will reach him in the distance and hasten his return.
The idea is based on a Tang dynasty Chinese poem in which the sound of cloth being beaten by his wife reaches the ears of a man far from home.
　© www.internationalfolkart.org


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kinuta odori 砧踊り　fulling-block dance

明日は殿御（とのご）の砧打ち 明日は殿御の砧打ち
御方姫御（おかたひめご）も出てうたへ

砧踊りは面白や 砧踊りを一踊り

Tomorrow is fulling-block time for the Lord!
Tomorrow is fulling-block time for the Lord!
The Lady will also come out to sing.

The fulling-block dance is so funny!
Come on,let us dance the fulling-block dance!
source :　青柳



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way




Noh Drama "The Fulling Block" Kinuta
能 砧

A woman whose husband has spent three years in the capital hears that he will return at the end of the year, but is later informed that he is unable to return, leading to her insanity from disappointment, loneliness, and hatred and eventually to her death.
The husband, upon learning of this, returns and ritually summons her ghost, which appears in an embittered mood and expresses resentment for having suffered in Hell; through the power of the Lotus Sutra, however, she eventually attains peace.

More information



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HAIKU


砧打て我に聞かせよや坊が妻
kinuta uchite ware ni kikase yo ya boo ga tsuma

pounding cloth
for me to hear ...
the wife of the priest
Tr. Gabi Greve

Matsuo Basho 芭蕉
Basho spent the night in a temple lodging.
From: Bleached Bones in a Field
. Matsuo Basho in Yoshino .


beat the fullilng block,
make me hear it -
temple wife
Tr. Barnhill


Strike the fulling block
let me hear it!
temple mistress
Tr. Shirane


Женщина из храма,
бей по валочной доске -
ну же, посильней!

МАЦУО БАСЁ (1644-1694) / Tr. D. Smirnov

quote
Basho was in Yoshino, rich in poetic and religious traditions. Clothes were pounded on a fulling block to clean and soften them, and in the poetic tradition the sound was associated with loneliness. The fulling block was not commonly used in Basho ’s time, but he wishes to hear its sound in order to feel deeply what was considered the essential nature of Yoshino in autumn.
There is an allusion to a waka by Fujiwara Masatsune (1170–1221):

At Yoshino
the mountain wind
deepens into the night,
and in the old village
a fulling block is struck

(miyoshino no / yama no akikaze / sayo fukete
furusato samuku / koromo utsunari).

Tr. and Comment by Barnhill
source : www.haikupedia.ru


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声澄みて北斗にひびく砧かな
koe sumite hokuto ni hibiku kinuta kana

its sound clear,
echoing to the Northern Stars:
a fulling block
Tr. Barnhill


This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

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猿引は猿の小袖を砧哉
saru hiki wa saru no kosode o kinuta kana

a monkey showman
with a little monkey jacket
on a fulling block
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 貞亨元年, Basho age 41 or later


a monkey trainer
pounds (cloth) for a little monkey coat
on the fulling block . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

. WKD : saruhiki 猿曳 、猿引 monkey trainer.



. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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The Cloth-fulling Jewel River 壔衣の玉川
鈴木春信 Suzuki Harunobu (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)

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- - - - - Kobayashi Issa - - - - -


えた町も夜はうつくしき砧哉
eta mura mo yo wa utsukushiki kinuta kana

in the outcasts' village too
a lovely night...
pounding cloth

Sakuo Nakamura writes, "In my native town there is an eta village; mothers tell their children not to enter there. Issa has a very peaceful mind. He know well the sadness of living. When he saw the Eta village in the night, not only darkness covered, but racial discrimination as well. And he heard the sound of the kinuta as if it came from Buddha."

In Japan and Korea, fulling-blocks were used to pound fabric and bedding. The fabric was laid over a flat stone, covered with paper, and pounded with sticks, making a distinctive sound. This haiku refers to the outcasts (eta). In Issa's time, they performed "unclean" jobs such as disposing of dead animals, working with leather, and executing criminals. In my earlier translation, I use the phrase, "fulling-block," an arcane term that means nothing to most English readers. "Pounding cloth" is a translation solution provided by Makoto Ueda, whose example I gratefully follow; Matsuo Bashô (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1982) 53.


砧打夜より雨ふる榎哉
kinuta utsu yo yori ame furu enoki kana

pounding cloth
in the night...
rain on the nettle tree


故郷や寺の砧も夜の雨
furusato ya tera no kinuta mo yoru no ame

home village--
pounding cloth at the temple
and evening rain


唐の吉野もかくや小夜ぎぬた
morokoshi no yoshino mo kaku ya sayo-ginuta

like in Old China
Yoshino, too, clonks...
cloth-pounding

In Japan and Korea (and--we see in this haiku--Old China), fulling-blocks were used to pound fabric and bedding. The fabric was laid over a flat stone, covered with paper, and pounded, making a distinctive sound. For Issa, the sound evokes a nostalgic feeling. Yoshino is a famous place (in Japan) for viewing the cherry blossoms.

Tr. David Lanoue / Read MORE !


More of Issa's haiku about pounding cloth, using
Onomatopoetic Words !



is even the Yoshino
in China like this?
fulling cloth at night

snip
Issa alludes to a number of classical poems in order to praise other mountains and thus strengthen his case that tonight the mountains around him are surely even more moving. There is of course no Mt. Yoshino in China. It is hyperbole for the most remote place in the world, a phrase made famous by waka no. 1049 by Fujiwara Tokihira in the courtly Kokinshuu anthology:

morokoshi no yoshino no yama ni komoru to mo
okuremu to omou ware naranaku ni

even if you
seclude yourself in
Mt. Yoshino in China
I will follow after
the whole way

snip
Later the image was often interpreted to mean "the Chinese equivalent of Mt. Yoshino," and in Travel Record of a Weather-Bleached Skeleton (Nozarashi kikou) Basho writes that the holy men who secluded themselves on Mt. Yoshino and wrote poems there felt that the Chinese equivalent of Mt. Yoshino was Mt. Lu, where many monks and poets retired.

. Chris Drake - the full comment .


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


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- - - - - Yosa Buson - - - - -

このふた日砧聞えぬ隣かな　
kono futahi kinuta kikoenu tonari kana

the last two days
no sound of beating cloth
from the neighbours . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve



遠近をちこちとうつきぬた哉
ochikochi ochikochi to utsu kinuta kana

near and far
here and there the beating sound
of fulling blocks . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve


Buson uses the Chinese characters and hiragana type of spelling words in a masterly way. This is one of the language forms of haiku that just can not be captured in a translation.
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


Far and near, near and far,
they clop and clop......
wooden cloth fulling blocks!!

This haiku is near to impossible to translate because Buson has captured the onomatopoeia of the blocks being hit with the twice repeated sound of 'ochikochi', thus also presenting an image within the sound of the blocks hitting the cloth.
The book 'Buson and Chinese Poetry' makes the argument that he is alluding to another poem by Li Bai. I could only find the first two lines of this poem translated on the internet:
'The whole Chang'an is covered by bright moonlight
From tens of thousands of houses comes the sound of clothes beating.'
To paraphrase the rest of the poem from the book, the autumn wind never stops, all the women in the area think of their husbands far off at war and wonder when they will return home. It is hard to ignore the at war part of the original poem if you choose to read the allusion into it. The book does take to task commentators who have argued that it was the sound from one place or the sound of a mother and daughter who fulling clothes together by saying that Li Bai did write '10000 doors'. And, he did write the kanji that means 'far and near' when if he didn't want to include it all he had to do was write it in hiragana.
The haiku is only 16 morae.
- Tr. and comment :James Karkoski - facebook -


- Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村　 (1716-1783)


- - - more kinuta hokku by Buson


貴人（あてびと）の岡に立ち聞く砧かな　- atebito no

小路行けば近く聞ゆる砧かな - kooji ikeba

霧深き広野に千々の砧かな　- kiri fukaki

砧聞きに月の吉野に入る身かな - kinuta kiku

比叡にかよふ麓の家の砧かな - Hiei ni kayou

旅人に我家知らるる砧かな　- tabibito ni

憂き我に砧うて今は又止みね - uki-ware ni


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Related words

***** nightwork, evening at home, yonabe
夜業 (夜なべ)
..... yagyoo 夜業
..... yoshigoto　夜仕事

... tawara ami 俵網 (たわらあみ) making straw bags
komedawara amu 米俵編む（こめだわらあむ）making straw bags for rice
sumidawara amu 炭俵編む（すみだわらあむ） making straw bags for charcoal



Yonabe night work and the pounding of cloth reminds the Japanese of the hometown, home village ...

FURUSATO haiku
ふるさと　故郷、古里　故里　郷土　郷里



***** Mallet for good luck, (fuku-tsuchi　福槌)
kigo for the New Year

You hammer your straw, make straw sandals out of it, sell them and voila, you are a rich man.
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Snipe (shigi)

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Snipe (shigi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation




A Snipe is any of nearly 20 very similar wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae.
They characterised by a very long slender bill and cryptic plumage. The Gallinago snipes have a nearly worldwide distribution, the Lymnocryptes Jack Snipe is restriced to Asia and Europe and the Coenocorypha snipes are restriced to New Zealand. The three species of painted snipe are not closely related to these, and are placed in their own family, the Rostratulidae.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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There are many kigo with various types of this autumn bird.

snipe, shigi 鷸（しぎ）
snipe in the weeds, kusa shigi 草鴫（くさしぎ）
snipe on the beach, iso shigi 磯鴫（いそしぎ）
snipe on the sandy beach 浜鴫（はましぎ）

"crane snipe", tsuru shigi 鶴鴫（つるしぎ）
"snipe with red legs" aka ashi shigi 赤脚鴫（あかあししぎ）
"snipe with blue legs", ao ashi shigi青脚鴫（あおあししぎ）

"snipe with bent legs", sori ashi shigi
反脚鴫（そりあししぎ）
"snipe with bent bill", soriha shigi 反嘴鴫（そりはしぎ）



"bill snipe", shaku shigi 杓鴫（しゃくしぎ）

spatula-shaped bill snipe, hera shigi 箆鴫（へらしぎ）


"old woman" snipe 姥鴫（うばしぎ）


snipes born in this year, toonen shigi
当年鴫（とうねんしぎ）




"Kyoto Lady" snipe, kyoojo shigi 京女鴫（きょうじょしぎ）


mountain snipe, yamashigi 山鴫（やましぎ）
.. boto shigi ぼと鴫（ぼとしぎ）
snipe in the rice fields, paddy shigi, ta shigi 田鴫（たしぎ）
snipe in the wild fields 鴫野（しぎの）


blue snipe, aoshigi 青鴫（あおしぎ）
"makerel snipe", saba shigi 鯖鴫（さばしぎ）

small snipe, little snipe, koshigi 小鴫（こしぎ）
"treasure snipe", tama shigi 玉鴫（たましぎ）


snipes "reciting sutras", shigi no kangin
鴫の看経（しぎのかんぎん)

snipes cleaning feathers, shigi no hagaki
鴫の羽掻（しぎのはがき）
"scratching one hundred wings" momo hagaki
百羽掻（ももはがき）
..... kazu kaku 数掻く（かずかく）

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SNIPE kigo for other seasons
BIRD SAIJIKI


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

SNIPES in many languages
(Chinese, Vietnamese ...)

snipe proper (genus Gallinago)

オオジシギ, (大地鷸 or 大地鴫)
ō ji-shigi : 'large ground shigi'

ハリオシギ, (針尾鷸 or 針尾鴫)
hari-o shigi : 'needle-tailed shigi'

チュウジシギ, (中地鷸 or 中地鴫)
chū ji-shigi :'medium ground shigi'

and more
　© www.cjvlang.com /　Scolopacinae

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HAIKU

大磯や早朝飯で鴫の立
ooiso ya haya asameshi de shigi no tatsu

on a large beach
early risers for breakfast...
snipe



噂すれば鴫の立けり夕涼み
uwasa sureba shigi no tachi keri yûsuzumi

speaking of the devil
a snipe takes flight...
evening cool



夕祓鴫十ばかり立にけり
yû harai shigi jû bakari tachi ni keri
yuuharai ya shiki too bakari tachi ni keri

evening's shrine boats--
about ten snipes
stand guard

This haiku refers to a Shinto purification ritual that takes place in Sixth Month in the traditional Japanese calendar (harai, nagoshi). One of the observances is to launch special shrine boats in water. Shinji Ogawa adds that the most popular forms of the ritual involve (1) entering a shrine through the chinowa (a large ring made of woven reeds) or (2) going to a river and releasing a paper boat containing a paper doll (katashiro). As the doll drifts away it is thought to take "all unclean things with it."

Issa, Tr. David Lanoue


噂すれば鴫の立けり夕涼み
uwasa sureba shigi no tachi keri yuusuzumi


. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .


Ōiso, Ooiso (大磯町, Ōiso-machi) is a town located in Naka District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Temples visited by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

At temple Hozo-Ji 法蔵寺 (Hoozooji, Hozoji)
広井村田中山法蔵寺（現名古屋市西区新道町）


At the temple there is now a memorial stone for the snipe 鴫塚

笈の小文 - Oi no Kobumi - Notes from my Knapsack
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
written in 1688 貞亨5年秋 / or 貞享元年（1684)


刈り跡や早稲かたかたの鴫の声
kari ato ya wase katakata no shigi no koe

harvested rice fields -
in the stiff stubbles
the call of snipes
Tr. Gabi Greve

固固 KATAKATA, stiff, hard, or 片々, is also a pun with the sound KATAKATA -　方々, - katagata ... all these people.


In the rice fields at the Treasury of the Dharma Temple

after the reaping--
from the side of a field of early rice
a snipe's call
Tr. Barnhill


Barnhill notes that this haiku "draws on a famous waka by Saigyoo:

kokoro naki mi ni mo aware wa shirarekeri
shigi tatsu sawa no aki no yuugure

Even one who is
free of passions
feels such sorrow:
a marsh where a snipe rises
into autumn evening
Tr. Barnhill

. 　Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉と西行法師　.


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あちらむきに鴫も立たり秋の暮
achira muki ni shigi mo tachitari aki no kure


雪の暮鴫（しぎ）はもどつて居るような
yuki no kure shigi wa modotte iru yoo na


鴫遠く鍬すゝぐ水のうねりかな
shigi tooku kuwa susugu mizu no uneri kana

The snipe farther and farther away,
The ripples
Of the washed hoe.
Tr. Blyth


後の月鴫たつあとの水の中
nochi no tsuki shigi tatsu ato no mizu no naka

the "next full moon"
is reflected in the water
after the snipe flew away


. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .
Buson also shows an allusion to the waka of Saigyo.



. WKD : nochi no tsuki 後の月 "next full moon" .
One month after the meigetsu, now october, celebrated on day 13 though.


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Related words

***** Summer Purification Ceremony (nagoshi, harai)

***** Voices of an animal (marumaru no koe) and haiku


***** Birds of Winter Japan

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