Fountain (funsui)

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Fountain (funsui)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: All summer in Japan
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

funsui 噴水 (ふんすい) fountain, Springbrunnen
fukiage 吹上げ（ふきあげ） "sprouting water, spraying water"
fukimizu ふきみず
funsen 噴泉（ふんせん）



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mizu karakuri 水機関 (みずからくり) "mechanic water devices"
..... 水からくり / 水絡繰り
Using the water pressure from a higher to a lover device, waterwheels were moved, or little dolls activated to drum or move otherwise in small modles to be used at home or in a restaurant to entertain visitors and make them feel cool in summer during the Edo period.


さびしさや水機関の水の音
sabishisa ya mizukarakuri no mizu no oto

how lonely . . .
the sound of water
from the mechanic device

Oba Hakusuiro (Ooba Hakusuiroo) 大場白水郎
(1890 - 1962)


. karakuri ningyo からくり人形　mechanic dolls 　


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One of the great human devices to bring some cool to a garden or a park. Its sparkling pillars give us a feeeling of cool. The fountains of Versailles and other European parks come to mind.
A great place to meet a friend and spend a cool evening.

Best used for fountains where the water is really pumped high up into the air.





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Worldwide use

Belgium

In Brussels, the fountains are definitely kigo. They work all summer, mostly just during the daytime, and are generally enjoyed, with park benches around, where people relax and unwind. Some are so big that dogs go there to swim, children play, and one year, we even had a duck hatching out her young and taking them for swims (until one day they were eaten by a dog...).

Stopping the fountain, or leaves in the fountain,
could be a kigo for autumn.
Empty fountain could be a kigo for winter.
Cleaning the fountain could be a kigo for spring.

Isabelle Prondzynski, June 2009
Kigo Hotline


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Canada

Wading Pool, Spray Park

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Kenya

In Nairobi, fountains are many, and they work well.
There is no particular seasonal element to them though.
topic for haiku

Isabelle Prondzynski


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Things found on the way


Moon Watching Fountain
Ginkaku-Ji, Kyoto, Silver Pavillion


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HAIKU

Reference : Haiku Fountain

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陽をうけて噴水の飛沫虹になる　　
hi o ukete funsui no shibuki niji ni naru

in the sunshine
the spray of the fountain
becomes a rainbow

Suiren 水蓮
source : www.hb-arts.co.jp


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what is it that makes
the night time fountain so still?
city noise goes on

empty fountain
refilling with slush --
first birdsong

sitting in silence
by the trickling fountain --
the latest ringtone

summer's end --
a build-up of beer bottles
in the fountain

early spring --
new rubbish gathers
in the fountain

Isabelle Prondzynski, Brussels, Belgium
Kigo Hotline


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by Narayanan Raghunathan, India

twilight sun glows
on the cool fountain ~
a fragrant breeze


Trevi Fountain ~
dimes and pennies shine
in the ancient waters


sculptures washed
in sunlight-waters' sound ~
Trevi Fountain


old woman throwing
a coin into the Trevi Fountain ~
laughing husband

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevi_Fountain
http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/trevi.htm
http://trevifountain.net/index.html



spectral fountains
beneath a starry sky ~
Brindavan gardens

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brindavan_Gardens
http://horticulture.kar.nic.in/brindavan.htm
http://www.mysore.nic.in/tourism_brindavan_garden.htm

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噴水のリズム覚えて待ち惚け
funsui no rizumu oboete machibooke

remembering
a fountain’s rhythm
I wait in vain
Tr. Fay Aoyagi

Yamada Kano 山田佳乃, 2012


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Related words

***** Well, cleaning the well (ido zarai) Japan. Brunnen

　

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Cool, cold, chilly

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Cool, cold, chilly

***** Location: Worldwide
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Heavens / Season

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Explanation

How we react to temperature is a personal feeling, also a seasonal feeling.
We can feel "nice and cool" in summer, or rather "pretty cool" on an autumn evening.

In the Japanese saijiki, we have many different words that clearly identify the season for a cold morning etc., but much is lost in the translation into another language, unless we add
"cold .. spring/summer/autumn/winter .. morning".

The English cold/chill/chilly are also often used like that and thus difficult to allocate with a proper season. So it seems better to add .. spring/summer/autumn/winter ...


We also have the English use of cold outside the weather and temperature, like
a cold smile, a cold person, a cold look ...
where the COLD is not a season word, but just a topic for haiku.
"COOL" used in connection with other nouns like this is also not a kigo but a topic for haiku.
He is a cool person.


I will try and list the relevant kigo during the seasons here.

Please let me know any more confusing words and possible translations of these kigo.

Gabi Greve



My Garden in autumn


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SPRING

early spring

cold in spring, haru samu 春寒 はるさむ and related kigo
..... haru samushi 春寒し（はるさむし） spring is cold
..... samuki haru 寒き春（さむきはる） cold spring

still feeling cold (in spring), remaining cold (in spring),
yokan 余寒 (よかん)
lingering cold (in spring), nokoru samusa 残る寒さ（のこるさむさ）

..... kan modori 寒もどり（かんもどり）
cold (winter) season coming back, winter cold coming back
the cold returns

. Cold coming back - March 2005 .


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SUMMER


Coolness in summer(suzushi) and related kigo
I feel cool (in summer). This is a pleasant feeling, especially in the evening after a hot day.
coolness in the (summer) morning, (summer) morning cool,
asasuzu 朝涼
cool (summer) evening, yoisuzushi　宵すずし
cool at day's end (in summer), banryoo, banryō 晩涼
evening cool (in summer), yuusuzu, yūsuzu 夕涼
night cool (in summer), cool of the (summer) night,
..... yaryoo 夜涼, ryooya　涼夜

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Some food that is enjoyed cold in summer

Hiyashi uri 冷し瓜 (ひやしうり) cooled gourd
cooled watermelon, hiyashi suika 冷し西瓜（ひやしすいか）

Hiyajiru 冷汁 (ひやじる) cold soup
cooled soup, nizamashi 煮冷し（にざまし）

Hiyamugi 冷麦 (ひやむぎ) Wheat noodles chilled

Hiya soomen 冷索麺 (ひやそうめん)
cold thin somen noodles

Hiya Yakko, hiyayakko 冷奴 (ひややっこ) cold tofu

hiyashijiruko 冷し汁粉（ひやししるこ）cold beans in sweet sauce

The details about food are here
WASHOKU : SUMMER FOOD


. . . . . WASHOKU : Cold SUMMER DRINKS


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AUTUMN

cold (autumn) morning
samuki asa 寒き朝, asazamu　朝寒

cold (autumn) evening寒き夜
..... samuki yoru, 夜寒yosamu

These are expressions used for this feeling in autumn, when we feel the change of the seasons coming.


Cold in autumn, aki samu 秋寒 (あきさむ) and related kigo
..... aki samushi 秋寒し（あきさむし） cold in autumn
"the skin feels cold (in autumn)", hada samu 肌寒 (はださむ)
cold (autumn) morning, asa samum asasamu 朝寒 (あささむ)
asa samushi 朝寒し（あささむし）, asa samumi 朝寒み（あささむみ）
cold (autumn) night, yo samu 夜寒 (よさむ )
..... yo samusa 夜寒さ（よさむさ）, yo o samumi 夜を寒み（よをさむみ）



autumn chill, shuurei 秋冷)しゅうれい) and related CHILL kigo during all seasons
evening chill (in autumn), cold in the evening (in autumn),
yoi samu 宵寒 (よいさむ)
night chill (in autumn), cold at night (in autumn),
..... yosamu 夜寒 (よさむ)



sooryoo 爽涼 fresh and cool in autumn
(autumn) cool . (hiyayaka, hiyu, yubie)


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kigo for early autumn/ category SEASON


ryoogetsu 涼月（りょうげつ）cool month


shuuryoo 秋涼（しゅうりょう）coolness in autumn
shinryoo 新涼 (しんりょう) first coolness (in autumn)
aki suzushi 秋涼し（あきすずし）cool autumn
hajimete suzushi 初めて涼し（はじめてすずし）
..... shoryoo 初涼（しょりょう) first coolness (in autumn)
..... ryoo arata 涼新た（りょうあらた）
..... arata ni suzushi 新たに涼し（あらたにすずし）
hayaku mo suzushi 早くも涼し（はやくもすずし）
sooryoo 早涼（そうりょう）


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WINTER

kan ... cold in winter and related kigo
..... cold (in winter), kan 寒（かん）, kanchuu 寒中（かんちゅう）
feeling cold (in winter), samushi 寒し (さむし) I feel cold 'in winter).
..... samusa, 寒さ coldness (in winter)
cold winter evening, kanbo 寒暮（かんぼ）
cold winter night, kanya 寒夜（かんや）
cold winter morning, kangyoo 寒暁（かんぎょう）


Cold Moon (kan no tsuki)　寒の月. . . The MOON and its kigo


Winter drizzle (shigure) 時雨　 rain mixed with snow, cold rain, snowy drizzle, sleet
rain in the cold , kan no ame　寒の雨 (かんのあめ)
. . . RAIN and its kigo


"cold clouds", kanun, kan-un 寒雲（かんうん）
"freezing clouds", itegumo 凍雲（いてぐも）
. . . CLOUDS and their kigo


butterfly in the cold, freezing butterfly (itechoo) 凍蝶
. . . Winter butterfly, freezing butterfly (fuyu no choo)


Camellia in the cold (kantsubaki) 寒椿
. . . CAMELLIA and its kigo


There are many more Japanese kigo compounds with
KAN 寒 ... in the cold



GokuRakuAn in Winter



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


cold feeling (toward people, things etc.)
tsumetashi 冷し (つめたし)
food gets cold, hiyu 冷ゆ (ひゆ)

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And a bonus for you to cool down!



Ice cream ... kigo for all summer
Click on the photo for more.


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HAIKU

. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

朝寒のうちに参るや善光寺
asa-samu no uchi ni mairu ya zenkouji

making a pilgrimage
in early morning cold --
Zenkoji Temple
Tr. Chris Drake

This autumn hokku was written early in the 8th month (September) in 1822, when Issa was living in his hometown.
"Morning cold" refers to the first real sign of autumn cold after the lingering heat and humidity of early lunar autumn. In the middle of September in Shinano the dawns and early mornings already feel slightly cold, though they still feel only cool in Edo and other lowland areas, where "morning cold" is used a little later in autumn. The slight yet clearly perceptible cold in this hokku is usually felt when people wake up in the morning. It is not frigid but rather delicate -- just enough coldness to give people a fresh, bracing feeling of aliveness and a sense that autumn is truly here.

Basically this temporary coldness is caused by contrast: it's the comparatively large drop in temperature during the night that gives people the feeling of being cold the next morning rather than any actual very low temperatures. A couple of hours after dawn this feeling of being cold will be gone, and by noon the day will be warm or perhaps even hot.

Chris Drake

. WKD : Temple Zenko-Ji 善光寺 .

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寒けれど酒もあり温泉もある処
samukeredo sake mo ari onsen mo aru tokoro

It is cold, but
we have sake
and the hot spring

Masaoka Shiki - winter haiku



the famous hot spring Dogoo Onsen in Matsuyama 道後温泉

it is cold
but here is a place with sake
a place with a hot spring
Tr. Gabi Greve



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Cool can be nonseasonal term too, like here:

first night
after the divorce...
cool moon

Vasile Moldovan
May 26, 2009



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Related words

***** WKD ... ABC Reference

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Virga precipitation

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Virga

***** Location: Southern United States
***** Season: Summer
***** Category: Heaven

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Explanation

In meteorology, virga is an observable streak or shaft of precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground.
At high altitudes the precipitation falls mainly as ice crystals before melting and finally evaporating; this is usually due to compressional heating, because the air pressure increases closer to the ground. It is very common in the desert and in temperate climates.
It is also common in the Southern United States during summer.

Virga can cause very interesting weather effects, because as rain is changed from liquid to vapor form, it removes heat from the air due to the high heat of vaporization of water. In some instances, these pockets of colder air can descend rapidly, creating a dry microburst which can be extremely hazardous to aviation. Conversely, precipitation evaporating at high altitude can compressionally heat as it falls, and result in a gusty downburst which may substantially and rapidly warm the surface temperature. This fairly rare phenomenon, a heat burst, also tends to be of exceedingly dry air.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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Worldwide use

Japan

hiryuu un 尾流雲 "clouds with a tail"
not listed as kigo

Cloud, clouds(kumo) Japan, worldwide. Various Kigo.


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

early evening-
distant mountains disappear
in the virga

Mark Snyder
. . . WKD ... Facebook Group May 2009

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Related words

***** Cloud, clouds(kumo) Japan, worldwide. Various Kigo.

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Hawthorn blossoms

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Hawthorn blossoms (sanzashi no hana)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Spring
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

hawthorn blossoms 山楂子の花 (さんざしのはな)
sanzashi no hana
meifurawaa メイフラワー may flower, mayflower



A tree that gets about 2 meters high. In late april toward may, it has white flowers with five petals in bunches of five or six. They are similar to plum blossoms. It used to be part of the Chinese medical plants, but now it is only planted for its blossoms.
Its western cousin, the mayflower, has also red blossoms.

The flower word for this is HOPE.

Its fruit are dried and eaten or made to juice.

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Hawthorn (Crataegus)
is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Culinary use
The fruits of the species Crataegus pinnatifida (Chinese Hawthorn) are tart, bright red, and resemble small crabapple fruits. They are used to make many kinds of Chinese snacks, including haw flakes and tanghulu (糖葫芦). The fruits, which are called shānzhā (山楂) in Chinese, are also used to produce jams, jellies, juices, alcoholic beverages, and other drinks.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Worldwide use

England

seiyoo sanzashi セイヨウサンザシ Western hawthorn
It has small red flowers in May.
When you take a branch to a home, a person will become sick in that home, says English legend.

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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Germany

Weißdorn

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Things found on the way


The Hawthorn is said to be the 'thornbushes' in this scriptural verse:

And on that day, the Lord shall whistle for the fly that is in the farthest stream of Egypt, and for the bee in the land of Assyria. And they shall come and settle in the steep ravines and in the rocky clefts, on all thornbushes, and in all pastures.
(Isaiah 7:18-19)


- Shared by Elaine Andre -
Joys of Japan, 2012


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Jodie Hawthorne haiku collection
Australia
Reference

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firethorn 常盤山査子 tokiwa-sanzashi
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Pyracanthus angustifolia Schneid
Pyracantha angustifolia
木下杢太郎画「新編百花譜百選」より

pirakansaa ピラカンサ pyracanthus


quote
Firethorn (Pyracantha) is a genus of thorny evergreen large shrubs in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Maloideae. They are native from southeast Europe east to southeast Asia, and are closely related to Cotoneaster, but have serrated leaf margins and numerous thorns (Cotoneaster is thornless).

The plants reach up to 6 m tall. The seven species have white flowers and either red, orange, or yellow berries (more correctly pomes). The flowers are produced during late spring and early summer; the pomes develop from late summer, and mature in late autumn.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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HAIKU

花山楂子古妻ながら夢はあり　
ka sanzashi furume nagara yume wa ari　　　

hawthorn blossoms -
although being an old wife
I still have dreams　　　

Ishida Akiko 石田あき子
Tr. Gabi Greve


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思ひ凝らせば山楂子の日の戻りくる　　　
omoi koraseba sanzashi no hi no modori-kuru
　　
手塚美佐

source : www.ami-yacon.jp

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scattering mayflowers
a startle
of dove wings

- Shared by Sandi Pray -
Joys of Japan, 2012


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Related words

***** hawthorn berries
kigo for autumn




HAIKU with hawthorn berries

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Humanity and Observances

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Humanity and Observances

We have two very important categories in a Japanese saijiki that relate to the human being and its activites during the seasons:

seikatsu 生活　Humanity, daily life, livelihood
gyooji 行事　Observances, seasonal events

I would like to call these the
social season words.


seikatsu haiku 生活俳句 haiku about life

haiku seikatsu 俳句生活 my haiku life



Here are some thoughts about these categories.

To simply define
haiku as "short poems about nature"
and
senryu as "short poems about humanity"

seems a great simplification and certainly does not seem fit for the Japanese tradition.
That does not mean there are some exceptions, but here I want to talk about the general way a traditional Japanese haiku is perceived.

The saijiki categories of HUMANITY and OBSERVANCES explicitly show us that these things are part of the Japanese haiku tradition and should be respected and understood as such.

Many of the kigo related to them are deeply rooted in the daily life within the Japanese culture and are difficult to translate without a longish explanation, so not many have been listed in English saijiki yet.

I will try and fill this gap, given time ...


But these kigo can give you an example of how to incorporate the events of YOUR daily life outside of Japan in your haiku life and find the many kigo in your area related to food and clothing, festivals and celebrations.
Please share them with us at the World Kigo Database!

Gabi Greve

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日本大歳時記
Nihon Dai Saijiki
ISBN 4-06-128646-3 and 978-406-1289666


Humanity KIGO during the seasons

Click on each season to go to the
detailed LIST of the kigo.


. . . SPRING . . .


. . . SUMMER . . .


. . . AUTUMN . . .


. . . WINTER . . .


. . . NEW YEAR . . .


This covers more than 3000 kigo for humanity.



. . . WASHOKU : FOOD throughout the seasons
a SAIJIKI of its own


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Observances, festivals, rituals
KIGO during the seasons


. . . Observances, seasonal events, rituals . . .
throughout the seasons, Buddhist, Shinto and others
a SAIJIKI of its own

Memorial Days of Famous People, Celebrities
.....WORLDWIDE SAIJIKI


That covers more than 3000 kigo for observances.


I hope you see now the importance of the kigo in the categories of humanity and observances.


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Join with your own cultural keywords!

. Haiku - Culture Magazine - .



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Related words

Senryu and Haiku ー　川柳と俳句


***** WKD : Haiku seasons and categories

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Berry, berries

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Berry, berries

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation

There are many berries available in various seasons.
Some are edible, some are not.

There are also English names of plants and shrubs that include the BERRY part.
The Japanese name can be tricky, mostly MI 実 is used.
xx の実　is also used for fruit, nuts and others.

berii ベリー berry
chiisa na kajitsu 小さな果実 "small fruit"

MI in compound words
液果, 漿果(しょうか)

I will try and list the BERRY KIGO here.

We have to distinguish between the blossoms of these berries and the fruit, which can be in different seasons.

Gabi Greve

under construction


pregnant sea animals are also sometimes called "in berry"
like fish, shrimp, crabs.

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SPRING


ichigo no hana 苺の花 (いちごのはな) strawberry blossoms
kigo for late spring
..... hana ichigo 花苺（はないちご）
kusaichigo no hana 草苺の花（くさいちごのはな）
nawashiro ichigo no hana 苗代苺の花（なわしろいちごのはな）
hebi-ichigo no hana 蛇苺の花（へびいちごのはな）
blossoms of Indian strawberry



kiichigo no hana, ki-ichigo no hana 木苺の花 (きいちごのはな)
raspberry blossoms, Himbeerblüten
kigo for late spring
momiji ichigo もみじ苺（もみじいちご）
sagari ichigo下り苺（さがりいちご）
awa ichigo 粟苺（あわいちご）


kuko クコ 枸杞 Wolfsberry
Lycium rhombifolium
kigo for mid-spring


kuwa 桑 (くわ）mulberry tree
late spring
kuwa no me 桑の芽（くわのめ）
kuwa no hana 桑の花（くわのはな）
kuwabatake 桑畑（くわばたけ） mulberry field
Kigo related to silk and mulberries

..... koozo no hana 楮の花 (こうぞのはな)
paper mulberry blossoms
..... kazo no hana かぞの花（かぞのはな)
..... kazu nohana かずの花（かずのはな）
..... kozo no ki no hana こぞの木の花（こぞのきのはな）
kami no ki no hana かみの木の花（かみのきのはな）
Broussonetia papyrifera




niwatoko no hana 接骨木の花 (にわとこのはな)
elderberry blossoms
..... tazu no hana たずの花（たずのはな）
..... miyatsukogi みやつこぎ
Sambucus sieboldiana. Holunder



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SUMMER

berries, many kinds of wild berries

bayberry 楊桃 (やまもも yamamomo)
yamaume やまうめ、momokawa ももかわ
yoobai 楊梅（ようばい）、jubai 樹梅（じゅばい）
yamamomobune 楊桃船（やまももぶね）
yamamomo, yama momo 山桃（やまもも）"mountain peach"
kigo for mid-summer
Myrica rubra - ヤマモモ




blackberries, blackberry
kigo for early summer
(according to Higginson, Haiku World)
Others list the blackberries as autumn in Europe



Blackberries, blackberry, Brombeeren
summer in Germany
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
They are not native to Japan.


season's change
blackberries will soon
be ready

Robert Hunt
Happy Haiku Forum
with photo


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Brambles are thorny plants of the genus Rubus, in the rose family (Rosaceae). Bramble fruit is the fruit of any such plant, including the blackberry and raspberry.
The word comes from Germanic bram-bezi, whence also German Brombeere and French framboise. In popular UK usage the term primarily refers to the blackberry bush; in Scotland and the north of England it refers to both the blackberry bush and its fruits.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


brambles in the Japanese dictionary gives two words

ki-ichigo (Rubus), see above and
kuro-ichigo.

kuro ichigo, kuroichigo 黒苺 "black strawberries"
Rubus mesogaeus
kuroichigo are not listed in the Japanese saijiki.
They are most probably blackberries.

yuki teikei lists bramble as a spring kigo.


IRELAND
We must distinguish between the plant (the bramble) and its fruit (the blackberry).
I would suggest that the bramble comes earlier in the year (summer, the time when it grows most vigorously), with the blackberry later (autumn, when we go to search for the berries in the forests, and the brambles are less important to us).

Isabelle Prondzynski


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Blueberries , blueberry
late summer across the USA.
http://www.ehow.com/about_4574395_blueberrypicking-season.html



Gooseberry, gooseberries Europe
suguri no mi すぐりの実 (すぐりのみ)



Huckleberries, Hucklberries
kigo for all summer
Northwestern Parts of North America
They are wild and highly prized both by humans and bears.
Read : Huckleberries



kiichigo, ki-ichigo 木苺 (きいちご)
raspberry, raspberries, Himbeeren
food kigo for early summer



koori ichigo 氷いちご（こおりいちご) strawberries on ice
food kigo for all summer



. kuwa no mi 桑の実 (くわのみ) mulberries
..... kuwa ichigo 桑苺 (くわいちご) mulberry,
" mulberry tree strawberry"
kigo for mid-summer



Oregon Grape
berries in Summer
State flower of Oregon, but bush is seen all along the Northwest Coast California to British Columbia.It is Oregon's State Flower
see : http://www.jacksirulnikoff.com



Raspberries
summer fruit
http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/aboutind/products/plant/raspberry.htm


Redcurrant, rote Johannisbeeren Europe


Salmonberry
Rubus spectabilis
North America, Alaska
Salmon Berry
The bloom is one of the first berry blossoms in the spring.
The fruit is enjoyed by the bears and people.

................................................................................

kigo for early summer
silverberry, goumi 茱萸（ぐみ） gumi
nawashiro gumi 苗代茱萸 (なわしろぐみ) gumi seedlings
harugumi 春茱萸（はるぐみ） "spring gumi"
kigo for late summer
natsugumi 夏茱萸 (なつぐみ) "summer gumi
..... tawaragumi 俵茱萸（たわらぐみ）
Elaeagnus pungens

akigumi 秋茱萸 (あきぐみ) goumi in autumn
shimogumi 霜茱萸（しもぐみ）goumi in frost
gumizake 茱萸酒（ぐみざけ）alcoholic drink from goumi
Elaeagnus. Ölweidenbeere

................................................................................


Strawberry, ichigo イチゴ、苺 strawberries Japan, Europa, North America


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AUTUMN


. konomi, ko no mi 木の実 (このみ)
"fruit from the tree", berry, nut, seed, acorn ... 　
a KIGO list
donguri 団栗 (どんぐり) acorn (from an oak tree)



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blueberry, blueberries
Europa



elderberry, elderberries
Europe
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



grapes, budoo, budō　葡萄 and many related kigo
wild grapes, mountain grapes, yamabudoo　山葡萄
Grape harvest (Weinlese, Traubenlese, Vendanges)
Wine pressing, Stoarcerea strugurilor (Romania)




Mistletoe berries from the desert
Sonora, North America



mountain ash (nanakamado ななかまど)
..... nanakamado 七竈（ななかまど）、野槐（ななかまど）
nanakamado no mi ななかまどの実（ななかまどのみ）
kigo for late autumn
Sorbus commixta
The fruit are bright red berries.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Eberesche



. Rose hip, rosehip, Hagebutte 　　



Tonburi とんぶり "mountain caviar"
Akita, Japan


. wolfberry 枸杞の実 (くこのみ) kuko no mi, kuko shi 　


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WINTER

aoki no mi 青木の実 (あおきのみ) laurel berries
kigo for all winter
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Cranberry, cranberries
Europe



fuyu sango 冬珊瑚 (ふゆさんご ) "winter corals"
tama sango 玉珊瑚（たまさんご）
Solanum pseudo-capsicum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. . . . .


fuyu ichigo 冬苺 (ふゆいちご) winter strawberries
fuyu no ichigo 冬の苺 (ふゆのいちご)
kan ichigo, kanichigo 寒苺（かんいちご）strawberries in the cold
..... kin ichigo, kinichigo きんいちご

ishigaki ichigo 石垣苺（いしがきいちご）
strawberries grown on stone walls

. . . . .


nanten no mi 南天の実 (なんてんのみ) berries of the nandina
kigo for all winter
shiro nanten 白南天（しろなんてん）white nandina
mi nanten 実南天（みなんてん）nandina with berries
Nandina Berries: kigo for all winter
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



nezumimochi no mi 女貞の実 (ねずみもちのみ)
berries of the privet
kigo for all winter
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Japanese privet
nezumi no fun ねずみのふん
nezumi no komakura ねずみのこまくら
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



ryuu no tama 龍の玉 (りゅうのたま) "pearl of the dragon"
dragon berry
Japanese snake's beard plant, Ophiopogon japonicus
kigo for all winter
龍の髯の実（りゅうのひげのみ）berries of the dragon beard
蛇の髯の実（じゃのひげのみ） berries of the snake beard
They are shining blue-violet berries .
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for early winter

briar berry, briar berries




briar berry --
an animal sound comes
from the brambles

2006 知美
"chibi" (pen-name for Dennis M. Holmes)

These berries may be a food source for animals, but, they may be toxic too. They are about the size of a large peppercorn.


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Topics (until we find the season)

Nordic cloudberries


*****************************
Worldwide use

Thanks to Carole Macrury for information about North America.
The berries is in the above list.

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India


. Alma, amalika - Indian gooseberry .
Phyllanthus emblica (syn. Emblica officinalis)


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Kenya

In Kenya, there are hardly any berries at all. Some strawberries, expensive and tasteless, are really produced only for the wealthy foreigners (hence, no kigo). The Kenyan climate is not at all suitable for them. The only berry that grows quite well in Kenya is the mulberry -- but again, it is not widely grown or available and would not be a kigo, for the time being at least.

Isabelle Prondzynski


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Yemen

coffee beans
called coffee berries as long as they are at the branch of shrubs.
kigo for autumn, when the most important harvest takes place
goats like the red berries
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

harvest moon -
red berries
in a goat's gut



Badian berries .. Badian Star Anise
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Sternanis


Juniper berries
kigo for summer
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Wacholder

Western Highlands of Yemen:
The highlands receive variable rainfall caused by the southwestern monsoon, which brings damp oceanic winds. These winds are uplifted by the mountains and trigger thunderstorms, particularly during the summer, with most rain falling in April/May and July/August.

The montane juniper woodlands are vital habitat for birds, such as the Yemen linet (Carduelis yemenensis), Yemen thrush (Turdus menachensis), Palm Dove (Streptopelia senegalensi) and Yemen warbler (Parisoma buryi). These species are dependent on juniper berries as a food source and also use the juniper trees for nesting. Nesting and breeding time must be July/August;
so juniper berries a summer kigo and bird food.

the palm dove's
carrying a twig...
light drizzle


calling frequently...
juniper berries
picked by thrushes

Heike Gewi

. YEMEN SAIJIKI


*****************************
Things found on the way

Legend from Yamanashi, 北都留郡 Kitatsuru district

hime konjin sama no tatari ヒメコンジン様の祟り the curse of Hime Konjin Sama
In every house there are for Konjin Sama deities to protect the premises.
One of them is the female "Princess Konjin Sama".
If people do not treat her spot nicely, someone will get ill. They must keep the area around the outside toilet clean and not cut branches from the Silverberry (グミの木 gumi, Elaeagnus pungens), otherwise their lower back will start aching the same day due to the influnce of Rokusan.
If someone gets ill in this way, he has to seek help from a person performing rituals for Hime Kojin Sama and Rokusan or learn a special spell to repeat secretly to himself.

. Rokusan　六三 伝説　legends about Rokusan,
Deity of Illness .


*****************************
HAIKU


black elderberries ...
the stove fitter cuts
chamotte bricks

- Shared　by Ramona Linke -
Joys of Japan, September 2012



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red berries
to brighten my mind -
winter walk

Gabi Greve, 2007
with photos



wedding anniversary -
does he still love me
like the red winter berries ?

Gabi Greve, December 12, 2006





*****************************
Related words

***** WASHOKU : YASAI . Vegetable SAIJIKI


. Plants and Berries in Autumn - SAIJIKI LIST 　

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Woman divers (ama)

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Woman divers (ama)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Spring
***** Category: Humanity

*****************************
Explanation

ama 海女 (あま) woman diver
lit. "woman of the sea" / ama 泉郎 "seafolk’
Taucherin



..... isodo 磯人（いそど, iso ama 磯海女（いそあま）
"woman of the sea shore"
iso nageki 磯嘆き（いそなげき）
"long deep breath on the sea shore"
when coming out of the water

oki ama, oki-ama 沖海女（おきあま）
"woman of the open sea"
kazuki かずき、moguri もぐり
kachido 陸人（かちど）、funado 船人（ふなど）

ama no fue 海女の笛（あまのふえ）
"flute of the ama diver"
when coming out of the water, they would breath out long making a sharp sound, like a flute


ama no koya 海女の小屋（あまのこや）
hut for the ama divers
They make a fire there and keep warm, drink hot tea and prepare some seafood.

. . . CLICK here for Photos 海女小屋!

isooke, iso-oke 磯桶（いそおけ）"bucket on the sea shore"
where they keep their prey and are fastened to the "inochizuna　命綱　" lifeline.


Now this is a name for seafood arranged in a large barrel, served in seaside hotels.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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quote
The majority of ama are women.
Japanese tradition holds that the practice of ama divers may be 2,000 years old. Traditionally, and even as recently as the 1960s, ama dived wearing only a loincloth. Even in modern times, ama dive without scuba gear or air tanks, making them a traditional sort of free-diver.
Depending on the region, ama may dive with masks, fins, and torso-covering wetsuits at the most. Only divers who work for tourist attractions use white, partially transparent suits.

Ama are famous for pearl diving, but originally they dove for food like seaweed, shellfish, lobsters, octopus, and sea urchins — and oysters which sometimes have pearls.

Ama divers can keep diving well into old age. The older divers are generally able to stay submerged longer than the younger. Usually they also have another job, typically working on a farm.

It's supposed that the majority of ama are women because of how their bodies differ from men. The fat on a female body is distributed differently to men, which ensures that they can stay warmer in colder water.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Ama are privileged to eat the freshest seafood, right after they come out of the sea and share their catch.

. WASHOKU :Tsuboyaki 壷焼 (つぼやき)
turban shell fried in the conch 　


tekonezushi てこねずし . 手こねずし
fish sushi mixed with the hands
Red fish like katsuo bonito and maguro tuna are sliced for sashimi and marinated in soy sauce. Then they are mixed with sushi rice. Perilla leaves, ginger or other seaweed can be mixed. It started with the fishermen of the SHIMA region on their boats, who did not have much time for preparing meals and mixed it with their hands. The ama divers also eat this.

. WASHOKU
Specialities from Mie prefecture

. WASHOKU
Food served on board (funaryoori) 　

. WASHOKU
Awabi 鮑 (あわび, 鰒) abalone 　

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The many ama divers along the shores of Japan are professional divers, who dive to support their daily life and sell what they take out of the sea.

They are not to be mixed up with diving for pleasure, as tourists enjoy.

moguri 潜り（もぐり） diving (for pleasure)
..... mizu kuguri 水潜り（みずくぐり）

kigo for all summer

. WKD : Summer on the Beach
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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

Ishigami san　石神さん Stone Deity
at shrine Shinmei Jinja 神明神社, Toba, Mie



quote
There is a small Shrine called "Ishigami-san" at the Shimmei Jinja Shrine.
The enshrined goddess"Ishigami-san"is said to grant a wish of all female visitors who offer prayers. This legend has attracted many women and continues to do so to this day.
Ama huts are popular touring spots where meals are served while enjoying friendly conversation with the divers.
Ishigami-san Haru Matsuri Festival (Osatsu)/ May 7th.
This festival is to pray for bountiful fishing season and fulfillment of one's aspirations. On this day, men cook and treat women in appreciation for women divers who have supported the households with their hard work.
source : tobakanko.jp



御守り amulet from Shinmei Jinja

quote
Osatsu Ama Culture Museum
The fishing town of Ōsatsu has the highest population of ama (海女, "female diver") in the Toba-Shima region. The ama have been supporting their families as wives and mothers as well as economically by their hard, restless work. Even though they endure harsh working conditions and busy lives, the divers have always been happy with their lives by taking pride in being an ama and by spending heartfelt conversations with their companions in the diver huts (海女小屋, amagoya).
This museum provides you with an opportunity to get to know the history and life of Ōsatsu, nurtured by the kindness of the ama. Nearby is a Shinmei Shrine (神明神社, shinmei-jinja), also called Ishigami-san (石神さん, "Honorable Stone Goddess"), said to surely fulfill one wish to each of its female visitors.

source : tourismmiejapan.com

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AMA - Die Taucherinnen von Japan

In vielen Fischerdörfern fahren die Männer zur See und die Frauen suchen in den flacheren Küstengebieten nach Meeresfrüchten, insbesondere Seeigeln, Abalonen, Oktopus und Seetang. Auch beim Ausfindigmachen der Perlen-Austern sind sie unentbehrlich.

AMA, die „Menschen des Meeres“, nur ausgestattet mit einem weißen Lendenschurz, einem Messer und einem Holzeimer an der Lebensleine, der gleichzeitig den Fang aufnimmt und als Schwimmer dient, sind als Nackttaucher schon seit mehr als 2000 Jahren in den Wassern Asiens auf der Suche nach Lebensmitteln. Inzwischen verwenden sie auch modernere Ausrüstungen mit Taucherbrillen und Taucheranzügen um sich warmzuhalten. Die weiße Farbe ihrer Ausrüstung sollte die Haifische abwehren.
Nach dem Auftauchen blies die Taucherin die Luft mit einem langen lauten fiuuuuu aus, um die Atmung wieder zu regulieren. Dieser unverwechselbare Ton wird „Pfeife der Küstentaucherinnen“ genannt.
Die Gedichtsammlung Manyoshu 万葉集　aus dem 8. Jahrhundert berichtet schon von diesen Taucherinnen.

Das reichliche Körperfett des Frauenkörpers bietet mehr Schutz vor dem Auskühlen im kalten Wasser, so konnten Frauen längere Zeit hintereinander tauchen, bevor sie sich in einer Strandhütte wieder am Feuer wärmen müssen.
Beim Tauchen von einem Holzschiff aus steht im Boot ein Holzkohlenofen. Auf dem Boot wartet der Ehemann mit der Lebensleine, and der die Frau mit ihrem Holzeimer angebunden ist.

Viele Taucherinnen haben den Beruf von ihrer Mutter gelernt und üben ihn voller Stolz bis ins hohe Alter hin aus. Auf der Halbinsel Izu, wo sie oft nach Agar-Agar tauchen, werden sie „kaito“ genannt, auf Okinawa „uminchu“.

Gabi Greve

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HAIKU



命綱たるみて海女の自在境
inochizuna tarumite ama no jizai kyoo

the lifeline
slackens .. the freedom sphere
of an ama diver

Tsuda Kiyoko (Sayako) 津田清子

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火の如く赤子泣きゐる海女の小屋
hi no gotoku akago naki-iru ama no koya

like a fire
the baby cries ...
hut of the divers

Hiro Hasei 廣波青 (1931 - )

He comes from Mie prefecture, where the pearl divers are common. Mikimoto is in Mie.

Mikimoto Pearls from Japan

みきもと幸吉 Mikimoto Kokichi (1858 - 1954)
みきもと‐こうきち【御木本幸吉】
三重県鳥羽（とば）市

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虫甘方の桜は波に埋もれて花の上漕ぐ海士の釣り舟
Kisakata no sakura wa nami ni uzumorete
hana no ue kogu ama no tsuribune

At Kisakata
A cherry tree is covered
At times by the waves;
Fishermen must row their boats
Above the cherry blossoms.

西行法師 Saigyo, tr. Donald Keene

.................................................................................

mizu no awa no kiete ukise wo wataru mi ni
urayamashiki wa ama no tsuribune

"I who must journey
Across a world vanishing
Like foam on the waves,
What I long for most of all
Is a little fishing boat."

source : 'Masukagami' (Book XVI)

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Related words

***** Woman, Women (onna, saotome) and related KIGO

. 海人 (能) Ama - The Woman Diver .
Noh play from temple Shidoji in Shikoku

- - - - - not to mix with
. ama 尼　Buddhist Nun .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Twilight (kure)

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Twilight, dusk (kure)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Season

*****************************
Explanation




between us,
the sea and dusk trace
Moses' crossing

- Shared by Massih Talebian -


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kure 暮れ (pronounced ...gure in compounds) just like this means the end of something, for example a day, a season or even the year.

In old Japanese haru no kure / aki no kure ... was used to mean the end of spring/autumn as the season ends (oogure おおぐれ【大暮れ】).
kogure (小暮)　"small ending" referred to the end of a double-hour according to the old calendar.



higure 日暮れ toward evening, evening twilight
yuugure 夕暮れ evening twilight

In the case of the end of a day, as we are concerned about here, it can be translated as
twilight, end of the day, dusk, dusk falls
nightfall, getting dark, toward evening
(we might find more words expressing this situation)

Even SUNSET has been used as a translation, but we have sunset (yuuhi) as a different topic for Japanese haiku, see below.
The same holds for "day getting longer", see below.



kuremutsu 暮れ六つ; 暮六つ six o'clock at night
in Edo

. akemutsu 明け六つ six in the morning .


Here I will only use the word "twilight" for KURE/GURE in further translations.


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kigo for all spring

They all have a feeling of joy, since days will be getting longer from now on.

chikitsu 遅日 ちじつ "day getting longer"
(this is the kidai, main entry for the following:)

osoki hi 遅き日（おそきひ）"day getting longer"
yuunagashi 夕長し（ゆうながし）long evening
shunjitsu chichi 春日遅々（しゅんじつちち）spring day getting longer


kure ososhi 暮遅し（くれおそし） long twilight,
twilight getting longer
"dusk is lingering"

kure kanuru 暮れかぬる（くれかぬる）long twilight, twilight getting longer

Here the stress is not so much on the day getting longer, but the feeling of a longer evening time. It is already used in the Manyo'shu Poem collection to state the joy of longer evenings.


haru no kure 春の暮 . 春暮 twilight in spring
spring evening
haru no yuugure 春の夕暮れ
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


haru hakubo 春薄暮（はるはくぼ）twilight in spring
evening in spring
Abenddämmerung im Frühling

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natsu no kure 夏の暮（なつのくれ）
twilight in summer
natsu no yuube 夏の夕 (なつのゆう) evening in summer
natsu yuube 夏夕べ（なつゆうべ） summer evening

kigo for all summer


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They all have a feeling of melancholy, since days will be getting shorter from now on.

. Autumn dusk, autumn twilight (aki no kure 秋の暮れ) Japan
autumn nightfall, autumn evening, autumn eve
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


"Autumn means sunset (dusk)" (aki wa yuugure)
This quotation stresses the importance of twilight for the autumn season.


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dusk comes early, kure hayashi　明早し
twilight comes early

fuyu no kure 冬の暮 (ふゆのくれ ) twilight in winter
kanbo 寒暮（かんぼ）"cold twilight"
fuyu no yuube 冬の夕(ふゆのゆうべ) winter evening
..... fuyu no yoi冬の宵（ふゆのよい）winter evening

kigo for all winter



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twilight TOPICS used in haiku

atarayo あたらよ【可惜夜】a night you do not want to end
atarashi あたらし【可惜し／惜し】(poetic form)

hakubo はくぼ【薄暮】twilight, dusk
only used in the evening for "light darkness".

sayo さよ【小夜】"small evening"
often used in combination, sometimes with kigo (sayo suzumi　小夜涼み)
sayo shigure .. sleet in the evening
sayo chidori

yahan, yohan やはん【夜半】midnight
yahan no aki 夜半の秋... midnight in autumn (kigo)

yoi よい【宵】evening
yoiyamu, getting dark in the evening
used with the proper season word as a combined kigo, see above.

yosari よさり【夜さり】time when it gets evening
sari means something is coming

yuugata ゆうがた　(夕方) evening
yuumagure ゆうまぐれ【夕間暮れ】
magure means 目(ま)暗(ぐれ)」, when it gets dark for the eyes to see things.
yuugure ゆうぐれ


oomagatoki おおまがとき【大禍時】
a time when something bad (ma 魔 the devil) might occur
... ou ma ga toki 逢(お)う魔が時
. Ōmagatoki 逢魔時 / 大禍時 "demon dusk" .
... tasogaredoki たそがれどき, 黄昏

In former times there were no street lights and it was difficult to see the faces of poeple when you walked. Still not yet the time for a lantern to find your way. So when people met, they would exchange a greeting: Taso kare wa? 誰そ、彼は (dare daroo, are wa?) . Taso kare ... became tasogare in the course of time, now loaded with the feeling of loneliness and melancholy.


tasogare たそがれどき

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The above impressions about TWILIGHT are seen from the poetic, emotional side of the Japanese haiku poets.
They show us the aspect that
kigo are conventions for writing Japanese poetry!


Now we get to the scientific part.

quote
The Duration of Twilight

Twilight is that period of dusk after sunset or dawn before sunrise during which the sky is partially lit by atmospheric scattering of sunlight.
The duration of twilight after sunset or before sunrise depends on atmospheric conditions (clouds, dust, air pressure, temperature, humidity) and on the parallactic angle (the angle between the path of the setting or rising sun and the local horizon), both of which vary with the seasons (specifically the solar declination) and the terrestrial latitude.

If the duration of twilight is expressed in terms of mean solar minutes (normal clock time), then seasonal variations are evident for all locales, with the shortest twilight durations a few days before the spring equinox and a few days after the fall equinox, and the longest twilight durations near the summer solstice, with a lesser maximum of durations near the winter solstice.

If the duration of twilight is expressed in terms of daytime temporal minutes (the time span from sunrise to sunset divided into 720 equal portions), then each stage is almost constant and minimal in duration throughout the spring and summer, except near the equator and high latitudes, the shortest twilight durations are 2-3 weeks after the spring equinox and 2-3 weeks before the fall equinox, and the longest twilight durations are near the winter solstice.

If the duration of twilight is expressed in terms of daytime temporal minutes (the time span from sunrise to sunset divided into 720 equal portions), then each stage is almost constant and minimal in duration throughout the spring and summer, except near the equator and high latitudes, the shortest twilight durations are 2-3 weeks after the spring equinox and 2-3 weeks before the fall equinox, and the longest twilight durations are near the winter solstice.

If the duration of twilight is expressed in terms of daytime or night time temporal minutes (whichever is longer), then each stage is almost constant in duration all year round, except near the equator and high latitudes.
The switchover date for "whichever is longer" occurs a few days before the spring equinox and a few days after the fall equinox, when the actual lengths of daytime and night time are truly equal.
Read the details here
　© individual.utoronto.ca/


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Worldwide use

long twilight, long dusk

kure ososhi (Le soleil tarde à se coucher)
kure kanuru (Le soleil tarde à se coucher)

Haiku poets in the world have placed this in spring, summer and autumn ...
so this makes for a great nature word,
but not a specific season word.
topic for worldwide haiku
You have to add the season to make it specific if it is not ment to be spring.


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KURE in German, auf Deutsch

Abend, Abendzeit, Abend werden
Abenddämmerung; dämmern
Eintritt der Dunkelheit; dunkel werden
Einbruch der Nacht


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Things found on the way


Remember

kure no haru 暮の春 くれのはる end of the spring season


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HAIKU

夕暮は鐘を力や寺の秋　
yuugure wa kane o chikara ya tera no aki

the evening dusk
enhances the power of the bell -
autumn in the temple
Tr. Gabi Greve

. Itoo Fuukoku 伊藤風國 Ito Fukoku .
(? - 1701)


the sound of the bell at dusk
gives me strength -
a temple in autumn

Kyorai's corrected version suggests that with the approach of evening, the noisy crowds have left the temple and the poet is left with a feeling of loneliness, which is diminished or obscured by the sound of the evening temple bells, which give him emotional strength.

Tr. Haruo Shirane


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酒倉を杜氏と歩く春の暮
sakagura o tooji to aruku haru　nokure

Die Abenddämmerung des Frühlings -
Im Reisweinkeller gehe ich
mit dem Touji.　（Reisweinbrenner,-brauer)

NAGATA Koui 永田耕衣(1900～1997)
übersetzt : SAITOH Kentarou)


I walk in the ricewine cellar
with the brew master -
spring twilight
Tr. Gabi Greve


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しらなみは珊瑚環礁暮れ遅し
shiranami wa sango kanhsoo kure ososhi

Weiße Wellen liegen
auf dem Koralenriff.
Der Tag vergeht langsam.

FUBASAMI Fusae 文挟夫佐恵(1914～)
übersetzt : TAGUCHI Makiko)


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lilac dusk

lilac dusk-
she gathers her hair
into a long plait

- Shared by Arvinder Kaur -
Joys of Japan, 2012



lilac scented dusk ~
cool wet grass between my toes ~
sweet spring rain

- Margaret's haiku -





Lilac dusk.
Through the park’s woods
the moon drains milk.

HAIK KLUBI SHQIPTAR
- terejalibraartikujesse -


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summer dusk
beneath the wheat ears
Eve's eye

- Shared by Massih Talebian -
Joys of Japan, 2012


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Related words

***** Long days (hinaga), long nights (nagaki yo)


***** Sunset (yuuhi) Japan


***** . Seasons coming to an end .
end of spring, spring's end, spring comes to a close
kure no haru 暮の春 (くれのはる)
kure no natsu 暮の夏（くれのなつ）end of summer


[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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