Pond, lake (ike)

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Pond, small lake (ike)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Earth and see below

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Explanation


The word POND / LAKE (ike 池) just like that are not kigo, not even the "old pond".

mizuumi, mizu-umi 湖 (みずうみ) lake


But
there are some compound kigo about the irrigation ponds and rivulets important for farming in olden times.


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All Winter




ikebushin, ike-bushin 池普請 (いけぶしん) cleaning the pond
kawabushin, kawa-bushin 川普請（かわぶしん）cleaning the river

In winter, when the water level was low, the bottom of watering ponds and rivers was cleaned from mud and other things than had gathered during the year. The shallower river beds were made deeper in this way for transporting goods and the mud was used as fertilizer for the nearby fields.
Dams and dikes along rivers were also repaired at this time of year.




ike karu 池涸る（いけかる）pond drying up
... kareike, kare-ike 涸池（かれいけ）
not enough water in the pond/lake



saihyoochi 採氷池（さいひょうち）pond for cutting ice
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
Ice was cut from clear ponds, stored in huts in the valleyes and later transported to the feudal lords in summer to cool them down.
. Ice cutting (koori kiru) 　
and related kigo


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kigo for late winter

hyooko 氷湖 (ひょうこ) frozen lake
..... tooketsuko 凍結湖（とうけつこ）
..... tooko 凍湖（とうこ）
..... keppyooko 結氷湖（けっぴょうこ）
..... hyooban 氷盤（ひょうばん）
mizuumi kooru 湖凍る（みずうみこおる）lake is frozen






omiwatari 御神渡 (おみわたり) gods crossing the frozen lake
miwatari, mi-watari 御渡（みわたり）
At Lake Suwako 諏訪湖 in winter, when it is frozen and has special patterns like a path on the ice.


The 7 wonders of
Lower Shrine of Great Shrines of Suwa
. Lake Suwako, O-Miwatari 　


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kigo for all autumm


aki no ike 秋の池（あきのいけ）pond in autumn
aki no mizuumi 秋の湖 (あきのみずうみ) lake in autumn

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early autumn
ceremony

nanako no ike 七箇の池 ななこのいけ "seven ponds"
one ceremony during the Tanabata star festival. Seven bowls for washing your hands (tarai) were interpreted as ponds and a mirror put in each. The stars would then reflect in these seven mirrors.

also
nanashu no otamuke 七種の御手向（しちしゅのおたむけ）
tanabata no o-asobi 七夕の御遊（たなばたのおあそび） "Tanabata enjoyment"
nana asobi 七遊（ななあそび）"seven enjoyments"
momoko no ike 百子の池（ももこのいけ）

Star Festival (Tanabata, Japan) Milky Way (ama no gawa)




ikegaebon, ikekae bon 池替え盆（いけかえぼん）cleaning the pond "for O-Bon"
Often done in a temple by all paritioners.

part of the preparations on
nanukabon 七日盆（なぬかぼん）
O-Bon ceremonies on the 7th of August
This is a custom of the Kansai region, and not seen in Kanto.

bon hajime 盆始め（ぼんはじめ） beginning of O-Bon
migaki bon 磨き盆（みがきぼん）polishing for O-Bon
haka nagi 墓薙ぎ（はかなぎ） cleaning the graves


Bon Festival (o-bon, obon)

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kigo for all summer

natsu no ike 夏の池（なつのいけ）pond/lake in summer


natsu no mizuumi 夏の湖 (なつのみずうみ) lake in summer
..... natsu no umi 夏の湖（なつのうみ）
natsu no numa 夏の沼（なつのぬま）swamp in summer



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late summer


hasu ike 蓮池（はすいけ） lotus pond



. SAIJIKI ... category EARTH
Kigo for Summer 　　


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kigo for late spring

tanaike, tana-ike 種池（たないけ）pond to immerse the rice seeds (momidane 籾種)
before they are sown into the seed beds.

also
tana-i 種井 たない , tana-ido 種井戸（たないど）well to immerse the seeds
tana-oke 種桶（たねおけ）bucket to immerse the seeds


tana-ike sarai 種池浚い (たないけさらい) cleaning the pond (before immersing the rice seeds)
... tane-ike barai 種池ばらい（たないけばらい）
... tane-i barai 種井ばらい（たないばらい）
... tane-i-gae 種井替（たないがえ）



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Worldwide use

India, Punjab

. Sarovar - Sacred Pool .


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Things found on the way


well, ido　井戸
topic for haiku



. Sound of Water (mizu no oto 水の音)
The Old Pond Haiku by Matsuo Basho　



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Daruma Ike だるま池 ponds named Daruma pond



There are quite a few in Japan, click on the image to see more.


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HAIKU





clear autumn day
by the little lake -
Namu Amida Butsu !

Gabi Greve, Autumn 2005


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なかぞらへ鯉投げあぐる池普請
nakazora e koi nage-aguru ikebushin

high into midair
the carp are thrown -
cleaning the pond

Ameyama Minoru 飴山實 (1926 - 2000)
Tr. Gabi Greve


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a hot pond -
and then he jumps in,
the naked human

. Look at the photo ! Gabi

. . . . .


古池や蛙飛び込む水の音
furu ike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto

. Basho and the Sound of Water .


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Related words

***** . Well, cleaning the well (ido zarai) 　
kigo for early summer
Brunnen reinigen



***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


. WATER (mizu) in all seasons 　


. SAIJIKI ... category EARTH


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Forest work in all seasons

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Forest work in all seasons

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter, others see below
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Winter is a time to tend to the forests, when the trees have less sap and can be cut.
Making charcoal was also mostly done in winter during the agricultural off-season (nookanki 農閑期).


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Kigo for early winter

botan takibi 牡丹焚火 (ぼたんたきび / 焚き火) bonfire from peony branches
botan taku 牡丹焚く（ぼたんたく）burning peony branches
botan kuyoo 牡丹供養（ぼたんくよう) memorial service for peonies


. . . CLICK here for Photos !
In some parts of Northen Japan, especially in Sugakawa 須賀川, the branches of old peony plants are cut off and burned at night at a temple or peony park. The flames have a violet and greenish color in the cold winter night.




shuro hagu 棕櫚剥ぐ (しゅろはぐ) stripping a hemp-palm
... shuro muku 棕櫚むく（しゅろむく）peeling off a hemp-palm
Trachycarpus fortunei. Hanfpalme
The fibers of the bark were used to make tough cloth or hemp-palm brooms.
This tree grows to a hight of about 5 meters in the forest of the warmer parts of Japan. When the bark is peeled off, it will grow back soon.


ーーーー kigo for early summer

shuro no hana 棕櫚の花 (しゅろのはな)
blossoms of the hemp-palm
..... hana shuro 花棕櫚（はなしゅろ）
..... shuro no hana 椶櫚の花（しゅろのはな）


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Kigo for mid-winter

kuruma shimau 車蔵う (くるましまう) packing the cart away
... kuruma sutsu 車棄つ（くるますつ）
In former times, the wooden carriages and carts could not be used in the snowy areas of Japan. They were taken apart, the wheels put up high on the wall, the side panels sometimes used to enforce the northern wall of the home. Or the carts and carriages were just put into a special barn.


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preparations for the end of the year
. ono jimai 斧仕舞 (おのじまい ) packing away the axes 　

toshikikori, toshiki kori, toshi kikori 年木樵 (としきこり)
cutting firewood for the new year
toshiki tsumu 年木積む（としきつむ）collecting firewood for the new year
toshiki uri 年木売（としきうり）vendor of firewood for the new year


firewood kigo for the New Year

toshigi としぎ【年木／歳木】 "firewood for the New Year"
..... wakagi 若木（わかぎ）"young firewood"
..... sechigi 節木（せちぎ）firewood for the changing season
..... iwaigi 祝木（いわいぎ）firewood for the celebration
..... hogi 穂木（ほぎ)
..... tawaragi 俵木（たわらぎ）

oniuchigi, oni uchigi 鬼打木 (おにうちぎ)
firewood to ward off the demons
It was used during the first 15 days of the New Year.
onigi 鬼木（おにぎ） "demon's firewood"
oniyokegi 鬼除木（おによけぎ）
firewood to keep the demons away
..... onisaegi, oni saegi 鬼障木（おにさえぎ）
onioshigi 鬼押木（おにおしぎ）
oniuchiboo, oni uchiboo 鬼打棒（おにうちぼう）

juunigaki 十二書き（じゅうにがき）"writing 12"
a piece of cut firewood with the letters "二月”used as a decoration and burend on January 15.
..... nyuugi (にゅうぎ, 新木) "new wood"
oogatama no ki 大賀玉の木（おおがたまのき）



kadonyuudoo, kado nyuudoo 門入道（かどにゅうどう）
"tonsured goblin the gate"
Two simple dolls, male and female, with simple eyes, nose and mouth painted in ink. They are put up at the entrance to the home to ward off evil. This is a custom of the Tohoku region.

. Nyuudoo 入道 priests and goblins .



. NEW YEAR
KIGO for HUMANITY


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Kigo for late winter


maruta hiki 丸太曳 (まるたひき) transporting logs (timber)
... maruta dashi 丸太出（まるただし）
... yabudashi 藪出（やぶだし）
In times without maschinery, that was hard labor. One or two large stems were bound together and transported out of the forest by horses or cows on special paths for that purpose.


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Kigo for all winter


edauchi, eda-uchi 枝打 (えだうち) cutting off branches
kareki oroshi 枯木卸し（かれきおろし）cutting off dried wood
(see below)



fuyusoma, fuyu soma 冬杣 (ふゆそま)forest worker, woodcutter
Some work in the forest during the daytime (higaeri soma) and to home in the evening, others wander around and stay in a small hut for a few days (nagare soma) and then move on to the next job.
Waldarbeiter, Holzäfller (somabito そまびと)

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. sumi 炭 (すみ) charcoal 　
binchootan 備長炭 special charcoal from Wakayama
a kigo list about charcoal types

sumigama 炭竈 (すみがま) kiln for charcoal
... sumiyakigama 炭焼竈（すみやきがま）

sumiyaki 炭焼 (すみやき)making charcoal
hut used for making charcoal 炭焼小屋（すみやきごや）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

sumiyakifu 炭焼夫（すみやきふ）worker making charcoal
... yakigo 焼子（やきご）
... sumioi me 炭負女（すみおいめ）woman carrying charcoal
sumiuma, sumi-uma 炭馬（すみうま）horse carrying charcoal
sumiguruma 炭車（すみぐるま）cart transporting charcoal
sumizori 炭橇（すみぞり）sled transporting charcoal

Making charcoal was not a specialized work, but most farmers did it in the back woods of their home to use as heating. It was also done during other seasons, when they could sell their charcoal well. It takes about a week to cut the necessary wood and fire it in a special kiln.

. sumigama 炭竈 と伝説 Legends about charcoal kilns .

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quote
Forestry
In the Edo period, forests were important for the flood control and to prevent soil erosion. Many mountains were declared "closed mountains" of a domaine to protect the trees. Tree felling by private people was not allowed and regulated by the domaine officials for forestry.
Modern Japan
The nation's forest resources, although abundant, have not been well developed to sustain a large lumber industry. Of the 245,000 km² of forests, 198.000 km² are classified as active forests. Most often forestry is a part-time activity for farmers or small companies. About a third of all forests are owned by the government.
Production is highest in Hokkaido and in Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Fukushima, Gifu, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima prefectures. Nearly 33.5 million cubic meters of roundwood were produced in 1986, of which 98 % was destined for industrial uses.
The Japanese forest industry has been defeated by cheap wood shipped from abroad.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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edauchi, eda-uchi 枝打 (えだうち)
cutting off branches

This care for the forest trees is especially important for a kind of cedar, the Daisugi of Kitayama, in Northern Kyoto 北山台杉.
Kitayama cedars (Cryptomeria japonica). "Migaki Maruta"
The forest is owned by the same family for many generations, especially in Nakagawa village.
To cut the branches, each forest worker has his own sickle and a whetstone (toishi 砥石(といし), which he finds in the river up the forest and keeps as a precious personal tool. There is a saying in the area:
"Never lend these two things:
your wife and your whetstone!"

The tree is usually cut when it has about 20 year rings, which are very narrow to show the strength of the material when used for building.



quote
When a cedar becomes 5 to 6 year-old, we cut most branches, just leaving some branches on the top protion of the tree, designated "Hosaki"and the bottom protion, which is designated "Tori-ki" and will serve as a basis for young newly growing branches, in the future. The main trunk is now called "Tachi-ki".

After this process, we cut branches of newly growing branches on the "Tori-ki" in addition to the main trunk, "Tachi-ki" every other year until the main trunk grows big enough as building materials. Once we cut the main trunk "Tachi-ki", we select some of the best newly growing branches on "Toriki" for future "Tachi-ki" and cut other branches. Among many young branches, ones growing straight to the sky are considered to be the best.

Fore more than 600 years, we have been repeating these processes in order to produce as many logs as possible, and there are some "Daisugi" threes which are more than several hundred years old.
We has been growing "Daisugi" cedars to collect logs for more than 600 years. Collected logs had been used to build "Sukiya"-styled tea houses. However, the large demand of logs due to the wide spread of the modern "Sukiya"-style after the World War II exceeded our supply. In addition, some of young logs from "Daisugi" cedars are called "Taru-ki", and they are no longer used to build houses due to a change in the law. Because of these events, the way we produce cedar log changed dramatically and demand of "Daisugi" decreased. .

However, the excellent figure of "Daisugi" is now loved by many peope and "Daisugi" cedars are used in Japanse gardens as well as golf yards.
source : http://www12.ocn.ne.jp/~ydaisuke/page035.html


Since the tradition has been revived, there are now also some young forest workers who learn the tradition from their peers. Whith small ladders they climb the trees and whack away the branches. It must be done in a way as not to make too large a wound on the tree, in one sharp cut, so that the ast hole will become a beautiful pattern for the log as the tree keeps growing and ageing.

The Daisugi trees are also used for bonsai nowadays.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !




枝打ちの伝統ありて今もなお
eda-uchi no dentoo arite ima mo nao

keeping the tradition
of cutting cedar branches ...
even now

Gabi Greve, November 2009




杉木立朝日を浴びて蒸す如く
sugikodachi asahi o abite musu gotoku

lanes of cedar trees
shine with the sun rise
and grow in mist

Terry Ishii
Seattle WA USA , November 2009


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Forest kigo, category PLANTS

kigo for all spring

shunrin 春林 (しゅんりん) forest in spring
..... haru no mori 春の森（はるのもり）
haru no ki 春の樹（はるのき）tree in spring



sugikafun 杉花粉　pollen from cedars
matsukafun　 松花粉 pollen from pines
sugi kafun / matsu kafun


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

yamagatsu 山賤(やまがつ) / 山賎 woodcutters
kikori きこり【樵／木樵】 people who cut and transport wood out of the forest
somabito 杣人 (そまびと), yamashizu やましず / 山賤(やましづ)
They were usually poor folk who spent the winter months in the forest, making a small living cutting wood for the owners of the forest.
karyuudo かりゅうど【狩人／猟人】 hunter, huntsman are something different and have a different purpose for going into a forest.


山賤(やまがつ) のおとがひ閉る葎かな
yamagatsu no otogai tozuru mugura kana

the poor loggers
have to keep their mouths shut
(because of) so many cleaver weeds
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 貞亨2年, Basho age 43.
Basho was on his way in Nozarashi Kiko and stayed at Yamura in Koshu 甲州谷村 (Yamanashi).
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Discussion of various translations
. mugura 葎 (むぐら) cleavers 　


Larry Bole coments:
'Yamagatsu' have been written about as far back as the era of Heian Court poetry. One can find various translations of the word on the internet, such as "woodsman," "mountaineer," even "hillbilly."

Heian Court poets apparently wrote about 'yamagatsu' from the standpont of peasant exoticness , or from finding unexpected beauty among them.

An example, cited in Awesome Nightfall: The Life, Times, and Poetry of Saigyo, by William R. LaFleur:

ana koishi ima mo miteshi ga yamagatsu no
kakiho ni sakeru yamato nadeshio

oh sweet yearning if
only I could meet here once
more...the delicate
Japanese carnation that bloomed
on the mountain peasant's fence
trans. Laurel Rasplica Rodd

LaFleur says:
Kubota remarks that in such poems, typical of the court, the speaker places himself physically close to the fence or home of the 'yamagatsu' peasant but, entirely caught up in his own affairs, pays absolutely no attention to the life of actual peasants.
By contrast, Saigyo writes of the 'yamagatsu' in the following way:

yamagatsu no suminu to miyuru watari kana
fuyu ni aseyuku shizuhara no sato

What I see when I
look around at the dwellings
of poor mountain people:
colors get fainter in so quiet
a village in mid-winter.

"Even when physically at a distance from them, Saigyo notices the people and their livelihood," writes Kubota.


So, what was so remarkable about this "woodcutter" that caught Basho's attention? Were they notorious chatterboxes, so that Basho noted that the tall grass shut one up, from not wanting to get grass in his mouth as he talked and talked?

Read the full discussion here:
by Larry Bole, Haiku Translation Forum


Are these just woodcutters who are cutting and gathering firewood to use for their own fires and to sell to others as firewood? Or are these loggers or lumberjacks, who are cutting down big trees to provide lumber for various kinds of construction?

If these are more like loggers/lumberjacks, then woodcutter in English would be misleading. And if they are more like loggers/lumberjacks, how did they get the tree trunks out of the forests? Like they used to do here, with teams of horses or mules, and chains?
. . . MORE .. questions from Larry Bole


yamagatsu
seem to have been professionals, so "logger" might be a better translation.

Firewood for the farmers was cut from the "satoyama" behind the village. It was used for cooking and keeping the open hearth fire in the kitchen of a farmhouse.

. Satoyama 里山 (さとやま) forests and mountains 　


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. Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 .


tsukegi 　付木startwood for fire, "match"



made from scraps of cedar wood with sulphur painted on one side.
The sulfur part was held close to a hearth fire and when it caught fire, the scrap could then be used to light another fire or candle in a lamp.
The craftsmen who made these pieces were called
tsukegi shi 付木師 Tsukegi makers
or
tsukegi 付木突き tsukegi cutters.


from 『今様職人尽百人一首』

By the end of the Edo period there were more than 500 in Edo.
They used special tools, one of them the shoojiki 正直 Shojiki blade and a shoojikidai 正直台 stand to use the Shojiki. The scraps would fall on the ground.

tsukegiya　付木屋 dealer of Tsukegi



source :　20century.blog2.fc2.com

Kitchen fire in Edo was usually started by the housewife with a flintstone and tinder and needed some skill.
. hiuchi, hi-uchi　火打ち　striking a fire .


女房が留守で付木を使いすぎ
nyoobo ga rusu de tsukegi o tsukaisugi

when the wife is not home
he uses
too many matches

Senryu in Edo


tsukegi uri　付木売り　selling wood scraps to light a fire



. Doing Business in Edo .


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Charcoal Setting (sumi temae　炭点前)
for the tea ceremony


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The woodcutter
works in all seasons.
Splitting wood is both
Action and inaction.

Tao Te Ching, Verse 64


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HAIKU


source :　ajian - msaka


秋風や酒肆に詩うたふ漁者樵者
akikaze ya shushi ni shi utau gyosha shosha

this autumn wind -
in the sake shop reciting poetry
fishermen and woodcutters
Tr. Gabi Greve

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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牡丹焚火山河は闇に納まれり
botan takibi sanga wa yami ni osamareri

peony bonfire -
the mountain landscape settles
in the darkness

Kohiyama Shigeko 小檜山繁子
MORE haiku with botan takibi

sanga refers to the mountains and rivers of one's natural sourroundings of ones native place.


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筏士が飯にかけたる蛍かな
ikadashi ga meshi ni kaketaru hotaru kana

the master raftsman
sprinkles them on his rice --
fireflies

Kobayashi Issa　一茶


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年木樵無灯自転車にて帰る
toshiki kori mutoo jitensha nite kaeru

transporting firewood
I drive home on a bicycle
without a light

Tsuji Momoko 辻桃子

MORE haiku with toshikikori


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Winding road at dusk
the logger slows down
for a deer

Darrell Lindsey (USA)
Award
Basho's 360th Anniversary Web Haiku Contest 2004
source : www.mietimes.jp




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Related words

In spring, trees are grafted or planted.
Cut timber and logs used to be transported out of the forest with rafts.


kigo for mid-spring

naegi 苗木市 (なえぎいち) market for tree saplings
naegi uri 苗木売（なえぎうり）vendor of tree saplings



sashiki 挿木 (さしき/ 挿し木) plant a cutting
sashiho 挿穂（さしほ）
sashime 挿芽（さしめ）
sashiba 挿葉（さしば）
sashidoko 挿床（さしどこ）



sentei 剪定 (せんてい) pruning
sentei ki 剪定期（せんていき）time for pruning
senshi 剪枝（せんし）pruning branches



tsugiki, tsugi-ki 接木 (つぎき / 接ぎ木) grafting
..... tsugiho 接穂（つぎほ）
daigi 砧木（だいぎ）stock, rootstock
tsugiki nae 接木苗（つぎきなえ）scion
metsugi 芽接（めつぎ）grafting buds
kiritsugi 切接（きりつぎ）
netsugi 根接（ねつぎ）grafting roots
Grafting in the WIKIPEDIA !


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hatsu ikada 初筏 (はついかだ) first raft
ikada matsuri 筏祭（いかだまつり）raft festival
shobatsushiki 初筏式（しょばつしき) first raft ceremony
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



kinagashi 木流し (きながし )
transporting timber on the river
..... kuda nagashi 管流し（くだながし）floating one log at a time
seki nagashi 堰流し（せきながし）floating a dam (made by logs)
teppoozeki 鉄砲堰（てっぽうぜき）
shura otoshi 修羅落し（しゅらおとし）
aba 網場（あば） place for floating logs


First many logs of timber are collected at one special part in the river, then all are floated when the water is high enough.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



. WASHOKU
sweet mirin to keep the rafters warm
in Kawabe 岐阜県加茂郡川辺町


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kigo for late spring

naegi uu 苗木植う (なえぎうう) planting tree saplings
shokurin 植林（しょくりん）afforestation, planting trees
suginae, sugi-nae 杉苗（すぎなえ）pine saplings


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. Forest work in the NEW YEAR

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five thirty -
the woodcutters chainsaw
sounds deep in the forest

. Gabi Greve, July 9, 2010 - the full story .



***** Ash, ashes (hai) and related kigo
and sumi-temae carcoal layout of the tea ceremony


***** . Bonsai 盆栽 potted trees .


***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


. WASHOKU
Mori no Megumi 森の恵み Food from the Bountiful Woods
and Satoyama Saijiki 里山歳時記


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Straw (wara)

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Straw (wara)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant, humanity

*****************************
Explanation

Straw is used for many things in Japan.


wayside shrine made from straw

Here let us look at the kigo.

We have straw from wheat (wara) and rice plants.

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kigo for spring

observance kigo for early spring


warauma hiki, wara-uma hiki 藁馬曳き (わらうまひき)
leading a straw horse

In Tozawa, Nagano 戸沢のわら馬曳き
Straw horses mounted on sledges with wheels are pulled down from the mountains in the west, to pray at the wayside deities (doosojin) for protection from fire and other accidents and for good health in the coming year.
On February 8, the day of "koto hajime".

. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Book about the festivals of Shinshu (Nagano) in the 12 months. The title shows the straw horse festival.

. Doosojin 道祖神 the Wayside Gods

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all spring

suwara suzume 巣藁雀（すわらすずめ）
sparrow nest made of straw

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kigo for summer

early summer

mugiwara 麦藁 (むぎわら) straw from wheat
... 麦稈（むぎわら）

mugiwarabue, mugiwara bue 麦藁笛（むぎわらぶえ）
flute from straw
... 麦稈笛（むぎわらぶえ）

mid-summer

makiwarabune 巻藁船（まきわらぶね）ship to transport straw bundles
(during the Atsuta festival 熱田祭 (あつたまつり))

mugiwara kago 麦藁籠 (むぎわらかご) straw basket
... 麦稈籠（むぎわらかご）

mugiwara haze 麦藁鯊 (むぎわらはぜ) "straw goby" fish
goby caught in autumn


mugiwara dai 麦藁鯛 (むぎわらだい) "straw sea bream"
caught in autumn, after laying eggs
... waradai, wara-dai 麦鯛

mugiwara dako 麦藁章魚 むぎわらだこ "octopus during straw season"
... mugiwaradako 麦藁蛸（むぎわらだこ）

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kigo for late autumn

shinwara, shin wara 新藁 (しんわら) new straw
kotoshi wara 今年藁（ことしわら） straw of this year


warazuka 藁塚 (わらづか) mound of straw
. . . nio にお、wara nio 藁にお（わらにお）、waraguru 藁ぐろ（わらぐろ）
warako zumi 藁こづみ（わらこづみ）

tawara ami 俵網 (たわらあみ) making straw bags

wara kinuta 藁砧（わらきぬた）mallet for pounding straw
Fulling block (kinuta)

mugiwara tonbo 麦藁蜻蛉（むぎわらとんぼ）"wheat straw" dragonfly
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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kigo for winter

wara shigoto 藁仕事 (わらしごと) working with straw

wara utsu 藁打つ（わらうつ）hitting straw
with a wooden mallet, to make it softer

nawa nau 縄綯う（なわなう）making a rope
tawara amu 俵編む（たわらあむ）making straw bags
(also in late autumn)

mushiro oru 筵織る（むしろおる）weavint straw mats
Mushiro for summer

waragutsu amu 藁沓編む（わらぐつあむ）weaving straw boots
waragutsu 藁沓（わらぐつ）straw shoes for winter

kamasu oru 叺織る（かますおる）weaving a straw bag
Straw bag (kamasu) topic for haiku

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kigo for the New Year

fukuwara 福藁 (ふくわら) straw for good luck
fukuwara shiku 福藁敷く（ふくわらしく）
fukusa wara ふくさ藁（ふくさわら）
New straw that is placed at the entrance and in the garden of a mansion. It serves to purify the place for the coming year and is a gesture of respect for the visitors on the New Year.

kazariwara, kazari-wara 飾藁（かざりわら）straw for decorations
especially shimenawa ropes
Shimenawa 注連縄

wara gooshi 藁盒子 (わらごうし) small straw container with a lid
... saiwai kago 幸籠（さいわいかご）"good luck basket"

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Worldwide use

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Things found on the way

aramakizake 新巻鮭（あらまきざけ）one whole salmon perserved in straw after marinating in vinegar.

WASHOKU
salmon food

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warazaiku 藁細工 things made of straw
straw works, straw crafts

Winter was the time for the farmers to make many useful things of straw in the olden times. Each villag had its specialist and the housewifes learned from him and made many things themselves. Toys for the children were also made of straw.
Stroharbeiten


o-mikiguchi おみきぐち / 神酒口
decorations for sake bottles as offerings for the New Year

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. Wara ningyoo 藁人形 straw dolls for curses .


*****************************
HAIKU

新藁の出初めて早き時雨哉
shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana

The new rice-straw
Is coming out, but already
The wintry shower is starting.
Tr. Oseko

Written in 元禄７年, Basho age 51, at Iga Ueno, at the home of Izen.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Basho at the home of Kubota Izen 窪田意専 .



quote
Winter season is coming soon. Autumn wind is blowing, the fields that harvest is over, there is a landscape to feel lonely. In places, are stacked straw. In Japan, this is very important straw.
Straw, to make various things, he was using. Autumn landscape and lonely, in this clause, Basho's view of nature are expressed.
Sweet, representing the leaves of ginkgo had come down on top of the straw.
source : kikyou0123
haika　俳菓　Haiku Sweets

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fukuwara ya gomi sae kesa no utsukushiki

new auspicious straw -
this morning even the dirt
looks beautiful

Chiyo-Ni (Chiyoni), Kaga no Chiyo jo (1703-1775)
(tr. Gabi Greve)

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The giant straw sculptures of Japan
straw sculptures of the Wara Art Festival in Niigata Prefecture


CLICK for more samples .

Look at more photos:
- source : en.rocketnews24.com

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Related words

***** Bagworm (minomushi - "straw raincoat bug") Japan. Case moth, basketworm

***** Geta, wooden Japanses sandals Japan. Straw sandals (zoori)

***** Hat, Straw hat, hood (kasa, zukin, booshi) Japan Worldwide

***** Sandeel: KAMASU : straw back, tobacco pouch, Pacific sandeel (Ammodytes personatus) Japan

***** Strawberries Cranberries

***** Straw mats (thick: tatami. thin: goza) Japan


. SAIJIKI -
Observances in Spring 　

. mugiwarazaiku 麦わら細工 handicraft from wheat straw .

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Acebia (akebi) kazura and tsuta

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Acebia (akebi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation


for other vines, see below

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akebi あけび【通草／木通】acebia, akebia.
"chocolate vine", five-leaf akebia, woody climbing vine
Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

The name may be derived from
開け実 hirake mi ... fruit which opens, because it looks like an open mouth.



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kigo for mid-spring

akebi no mezuke あけびの芽漬（あけびのめづけ)
pickles of akebi buds

WASHOKU : pickles of spring


tsuta no me 蔦の芽 (つたのめ) buds of the Japanese ivy


kigo for late spring



akebi no hana あけびの花 / 通草の花 (あけびのはな)
flowers of the acebia
... yamahime no hana 山女の花（やまひめのはな）
... akebi no hana 丁翁の花（あけびのはな）
... hana akebi 花通草（はなあけび）
akebikazura あけびかずら acebina vine in blossom
mitsuba akebi 三葉通草（みつばあけび）"three leaf acebia"
akebi saku 通草咲く（あけびさく） acebia is blossoming


mube no hana 郁子の花 (むべのはな) mube blossoms
(a kind of acebia)
..... ube no hana うべの花（うべのはな）
..... noboke 野木瓜（のぼけ）
..... tokiwa akebi 常盤通草（ときわあけび）
Stauntonia hexaphylla
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for mid-autumn



akebi あけび【通草／木通】acebia, akebia

akebi no mi 通草の実 fruit of the acebia

akebi kazura 通草かずら（あけびかずら）acebia vine
... akebu あけぶ、omekazura おめかずら、kamikazura かみかずら
yamahime 山女（やまひめ）"mountain princess"

akebidana 通草棚（あけびだな）shelf for growing acebina


mitsuba akebi 三葉通草 (みつばあけび) three-leaves acebia
A. trifoliata


mube 郁子 (むべ) evergreen acebia
..... tokiwa akebi 常盤通草 (ときわあけび)
Stauntonia hexaphylla



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quote
Akebia quinata (Chocolate Vine or Five-leaf Akebia) is a shrub that is native to Japan, China and Korea.

It grows to 10 metres or more in height and has compound leaves with five leaflets. The inflorescences are clustered in racemes and are vanilla-scented, with three or four sepals. The fruits are sausage-shaped pods which contain edible pulp.

In China A. quinata is referred to as 木通 "mu tung" (Wade-Giles)) meaning "perforated wood". It is also occasionally known as 通草 "tung tsao" (Wade-Giles)) meaning "perforated grass".

In the Chinese pharmacopoeia it is believed to be therapeutic as a diuretic, antiphlogistic, galactagogue and analgesic. The principal use of the herb in China is as a traditional remedy for insufficient lactation in nursing mothers. The medicinal part of the plant is the woody stem which is sliced in transverse sections and prepared as a decoction. The stem contains approximately 30% potassium salts thus giving the diuretic action.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. WASHOKU
akebi no karakkozuke アケビの殻っこづけ
akebia skin stuffed with meat and vegetables 　
Akita and Yamagata


Yamagata is one of the most important growing areas for akebi.
山形の郷土料理 Yamagata Local Food

akebi tenpura あけび天ぷら tempura from akebia
akebia meat tasts good with fat, like tempura or simply fried with shiitake mushrooms or other vegetables.



nikuzume あけびの肉詰め akebia stuffed with minced meat

nuta-ae あけびのぬたあえ with a vinegar-miso-sauce

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Worldwide use

Akebi-Ranke

*****************************
Things found on the way



The vine is used to make baskets and containers.
akebizaiku アケビ細工
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Folk Craft from Nagano .


tsuruzaiku, tsuru saiku　つる細工 craft from vines
is also popular in many parts of Tohoku. During the long winter months people used to make all kinds of containers from the local vines, especially akebi.
There are workshops to teach the art to the younger generation and the pieces become popular souvenirs for tourists.


Work from the Aizu region　会津のつる細工


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HAIKU


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


秋風や桐に動きて蔦の霜
aki kaze ya / kiri ni ugokite / tsuta no shimo


苔埋む蔦のうつつの念仏哉
. koke uzumu tsuta no utsutsu no nebutsu kana .
Nenbutsu 念仏


蔦の葉は昔めきたる紅葉哉
tsuta no ha wa / mukashi mekitaru / momiji kana


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蔦植ゑて竹四五本の嵐哉
tsuta uete take shi go hon no arashi kana

ivy planted,
and four or five stalks of bamboo
in the windstorm
Tr. Barnhill


vines planted
four or five bamboo trees
stirring in a storm
Tr. Shirane


A greeting hokku for poet Roboku 廬牧 (1628–1706)
kanjin no boosha 閑人の茅舎 The thatched hut of a recluse in Ise

Roboku must have lived a very simple life of a recluse, planting vine creepers on purpose and just a few poles of bamboo in his garden.

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

tsuta vine planted
and four or five bamboo poles
in the storm . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve


at Ise Jinguu　伊勢神宮 Grand Shrine at Ise -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Nozarashi Kikoo 野ざらし紀行, 1684
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


.............................................................................





桟はしや命をからむ蔦かつら
桟や命をからむ蔦葛
kakehashi ya inochi o karamu tsuta katsura
(sanbashi ya)

this plank bridge -
the tsuta and katsura vines
coil their lives


This was an old fragile bridge in the times of Basho, at the Nakasendo, Agematsu juku　上松塾.
The Kakehashi from Kiso 木曽の桟（かけはし）
It was one of the most dangerous places on the old road, along with
Atsuta no watashi 太田のわたし　river corssing at Atsuta
and
Usui Tooge 碓氷峠 Usui pass.


Matsuo Basho traveling along the
. Nakasendoo　中山道 The Nakasendo Road .




source :　Sake barrel from 西尾酒造


Masakoa Shiki also wrote about this place

かけはしやあぶない処に山つつじ　
kakehashi ya abunai tokoro ni yama tsutsuji

this plank bridge -
at the most dangerous spot
mountain azaleas

桟や水にとどかず５月雨　　

正岡子規


The new metal bridge at Kiso.

Take a look at a stone memorial from Basho :
source : kaidou/nakasendo

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手とどかぬ通草ばかりが目について　
te todokanu akebi bakari ga me ni tsuite

I can only see
these akebi fruit
too high to grab　　　　　　　

Shimomura Umeko 下村梅子

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ぬれ髪のまま寝てゆめの通草かな　
nuregami no mama nete yume no akebi kana

I sleep
with wet hair - in my dream
akebi vine

Akao Tooshi 赤尾兜子 (1925 - 1981)


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あけびの実軽しつぶてとして重し　
akebi no mi karushi tsubute to shite omoshi

Kaneko Tohta 金子兜太


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Related words

kigo for early autumn

binboo kazura 貧乏葛（びんぼうかずら） "poor man's vine"
bushkiller
yabu karashi, yabukarashi 藪からし (やぶからし / 藪枯らし) Yabu Garashi
Cayratia japonica, Japanese Cayratia Herb
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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kigo for mid-autumn

fuusenkazura 風船葛 (ふうせんかずら) Balloon vine
Love in a puff
Candiospermum halicacabum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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kigo for all summer

aotsuta 青蔦 (あおつた) green Japanese ivy
tsuta aoba 蔦青葉（つたあおば）green leaves of Japanese ivy
tsuta shigeru 蔦茂る（つたしげる）Japanese ivy grows thickly
tsuta aoshi 蔦青し（つたあおし）Japanese ivy is green
natsutsuta 夏蔦（なつつた） Japanese ivy in summer



. . . . .

kigo for all autumn

tsuta 蔦 (つた) Japanese ivy
Parthenocissus tricuspidata
tsuta momiji 蔦紅葉 red leaves of Japanese ivy
nihsikizuta 錦蔦 "brocade leaves of tsuta"

tsuta kazura 蔦かずら (つたかずら) ivy and vines
all kinds of creepers


tsuta in other seasons

. karetsuta 枯蔦 (かれつた) withering ivy, wild wine withering
..... tsuta karu 蔦枯る（つたかる）
..... karekazura 枯かずら（かれかずら）


. tsuta no shoogatsu 蔦の正月（つたのしょうがつ） New Year of the vines


. . . . .


. kuzu kazura 葛かずら（くずかずら）Kudzu-Vine 　
Arrowroot, Pueraria lobata


binan kazura 美男葛 (びなんかずら) "beautiful man" Vine
sanekazura 真葛（さねかずら）Sanekazura, Sanekadsura
..... 南五味子（さねかずら）
..... tororo kazura とろろかずら
Kadsura japonica
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for late summer

tsuzurafuji 葛藤 (つづらふじ) Sabia vine
tsuzura つづら、tsuzurakazura 葛籠葛（つづらかずら）
aokazura 青葛（あおかずら）"green kazura vine"
aofuji 青藤（あおふじ）"green fuji vine"
bokubooki 木防己（ぼくぼうき） "tree broom"
Sabia japonica Maxim


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kigo for late autumn

masaki no kazura 正木の鬘 (まさきのかずら)
sprindle tree creepers
masaki no kazura 柾の葛（まさきのかずら）
teika kazura 定家葛（ていかかずら）
Euonymus japonicus



hiyodorijoogo 鵯上戸 (ひよどりじょうご) Solanum lyratum
hakuei 白英（はくえい）
horoshi 鬼目（ほろし）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for all winter

fuyuzuta 冬蔦 (ふゆづた) Japanese ivy in winter
kizuta 木蔦（きづた）


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observance kigo for mid-winter

hikage no kazura 日蔭の蔓 (ひかげのかずら)
lit. "kazura vine in the shadow"
hikage no ito 日蔭の糸（ひかげのいと）"string in the shadow"
hikage no kokoroba 日蔭の心葉（ひかげのこころば）
kokoroba 心葉（こころば） "leaf of the heart"

At certain court rituals (新嘗祭、大嘗祭、豊明節会（とよあかりのせちえ）, the participants used to wear a special head gear with vine on both sides to show humility (monoimi 物忌). Sometimes moss (saruogase さるをがせ) was used or "moss from the pine" matsu no koke 松の苔. Later white or colored strings were used. The "leaf of the heart" could be a leaf of chochikubai pine, bamboo and plum, cherry or chrysanthemum.




hikagenokazura ヒカゲノカズラ club moss
Lycopodium cunninghamioides Hayata



In the Genji Monogatari this is also a kakekotoba for
hikage 日光（ひかげ)

. SAIJIKI
OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS, RITUALS


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くふ飯に蔦ぶら下る山家哉
kuu meshi ni tsuta burasagaru yamaga kana

ivy hangs down
into the food we eat --
mountain house

Kobayashi Issa

This hokku is from the 8th month (September) of 1822, when Issa was visiting a mountainous area not too far from his hometown. People who lived in the mountains tended to eat mainly millet and other grains that could be grown in dry fields on the slopes.
Meshi can mean either the main food one eats, or, in a lowland context, cooked rice.
Chris Drake


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***** AUTUMN PLANTS -
SAIJIKI


. PLANTS in all seasons - SAIJIKI


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Columbus Day

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Columbus Day

***** Location: America
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

October12




Many countries in the New World and elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar and October 21, 1492 in the modern Gregorian calendar, as an official holiday. The day is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, as Día de la Raza (Day of the Race) in many countries in Latin America, as Día de las Culturas (Day of the Cultures) in Costa Rica, as Discovery Day in The Bahamas, as Día de la Hispanidad and Fiesta Nacional in Spain, as Día de las Américas (Day of the Americas) in Uruguay and as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) in Venezuela. These holidays have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century, and officially in various countries since the early 20th century.

Columbus Day first became an official state holiday in Colorado in 1905, and became a federal holiday in 1934. But people have celebrated Columbus' voyage since the colonial period. In 1792, New York City and other eastern U.S. cities celebrated the 300th anniversary of his landing in the New World. In 1892, President Benjamin Harrison called upon the people of the United States to celebrate Columbus Day on the 400th anniversary of the event. During the 400-year anniversary in 1892, teachers, preachers, poets and politicians used Columbus Day rituals to teach ideals of patriotism. These patriotic rituals were framed around themes such as support for war, citizenship boundaries, the importance of loyalty to the nation, and celebrating social progress.

Catholic immigration in the mid-nineteenth century induced discrimination from anti-immigrant activists such as the Ku Klux Klan. Like many other struggling immigrant communities, Catholics developed organizations to fight discrimination and provide insurance for the struggling immigrants. One such organization, the Knights of Columbus, chose that name in part because it saw Christopher Columbus as a fitting symbol of Catholic immigrants' right to citizenship: one of their own, a fellow Catholic, had discovered America.

Some Italian-Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of their heritage, the first occasion being in New York City on October 12, 1866. Columbus Day was first popularized as a holiday in the United States through the lobbying of Angelo Noce, a first generation Italian, in Denver. The first official, regular Columbus Day holiday was proclaimed by Colorado governor Jesse F. McDonald in 1905 and made a statutory holiday in 1907. In April 1934, as a result of lobbying by the Knights of Columbus, Congress and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt October 12 was made a federal holiday under the name Columbus Day and a Federal holiday.

Since 1971, the holiday has been fixed to the second Monday in October, coincidentally the same day as Thanksgiving in neighboring Canada (which was fixed to that date in 1959). It is generally observed today by banks, the bond market, the U.S. Postal Service and other federal agencies, most state government offices, and some school districts; however, some businesses and stock exchanges remain open.

Actual observance varies in different parts of the United States, ranging from large-scale parades and events to complete non-observance.

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Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 – 20 May 1506)

was a navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of discovery and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World."

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

Columbus Day--
in the tide pool
a new world

H. Gene Murtha, USA
October 2009


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first encounter
on a quiet, sunny beach
Columbus Day

Armando Corbelle


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Columbus Day
Mount Washington
obscured by clouds


Columbus Day
getting lost on the way
to the mall


William Kenney, USA
http://haiku-usa.blogspot.com/


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Columbus Day
Native students boycott
the assembly

Catherine J.S. Lee, USA


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Related words

***** World Days

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