Straw (wara)

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Straw (wara)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant, humanity

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Explanation

Straw is used for many things in Japan.


wayside shrine made from straw

Here let us look at the kigo.

We have straw from wheat (wara) and rice plants.

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kigo for spring

observance kigo for early spring


warauma hiki, wara-uma hiki 藁馬曳き (わらうまひき)
leading a straw horse

In Tozawa, Nagano 戸沢のわら馬曳き
Straw horses mounted on sledges with wheels are pulled down from the mountains in the west, to pray at the wayside deities (doosojin) for protection from fire and other accidents and for good health in the coming year.
On February 8, the day of "koto hajime".

. . . CLICK here for Photos !



Book about the festivals of Shinshu (Nagano) in the 12 months. The title shows the straw horse festival.

. Doosojin 道祖神 the Wayside Gods

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all spring

suwara suzume 巣藁雀（すわらすずめ）
sparrow nest made of straw

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kigo for summer

early summer

mugiwara 麦藁 (むぎわら) straw from wheat
... 麦稈（むぎわら）

mugiwarabue, mugiwara bue 麦藁笛（むぎわらぶえ）
flute from straw
... 麦稈笛（むぎわらぶえ）

mid-summer

makiwarabune 巻藁船（まきわらぶね）ship to transport straw bundles
(during the Atsuta festival 熱田祭 (あつたまつり))

mugiwara kago 麦藁籠 (むぎわらかご) straw basket
... 麦稈籠（むぎわらかご）

mugiwara haze 麦藁鯊 (むぎわらはぜ) "straw goby" fish
goby caught in autumn


mugiwara dai 麦藁鯛 (むぎわらだい) "straw sea bream"
caught in autumn, after laying eggs
... waradai, wara-dai 麦鯛

mugiwara dako 麦藁章魚 むぎわらだこ "octopus during straw season"
... mugiwaradako 麦藁蛸（むぎわらだこ）

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kigo for late autumn

shinwara, shin wara 新藁 (しんわら) new straw
kotoshi wara 今年藁（ことしわら） straw of this year


warazuka 藁塚 (わらづか) mound of straw
. . . nio にお、wara nio 藁にお（わらにお）、waraguru 藁ぐろ（わらぐろ）
warako zumi 藁こづみ（わらこづみ）

tawara ami 俵網 (たわらあみ) making straw bags

wara kinuta 藁砧（わらきぬた）mallet for pounding straw
Fulling block (kinuta)

mugiwara tonbo 麦藁蜻蛉（むぎわらとんぼ）"wheat straw" dragonfly
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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kigo for winter

wara shigoto 藁仕事 (わらしごと) working with straw

wara utsu 藁打つ（わらうつ）hitting straw
with a wooden mallet, to make it softer

nawa nau 縄綯う（なわなう）making a rope
tawara amu 俵編む（たわらあむ）making straw bags
(also in late autumn)

mushiro oru 筵織る（むしろおる）weavint straw mats
Mushiro for summer

waragutsu amu 藁沓編む（わらぐつあむ）weaving straw boots
waragutsu 藁沓（わらぐつ）straw shoes for winter

kamasu oru 叺織る（かますおる）weaving a straw bag
Straw bag (kamasu) topic for haiku

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kigo for the New Year

fukuwara 福藁 (ふくわら) straw for good luck
fukuwara shiku 福藁敷く（ふくわらしく）
fukusa wara ふくさ藁（ふくさわら）
New straw that is placed at the entrance and in the garden of a mansion. It serves to purify the place for the coming year and is a gesture of respect for the visitors on the New Year.

kazariwara, kazari-wara 飾藁（かざりわら）straw for decorations
especially shimenawa ropes
Shimenawa 注連縄

wara gooshi 藁盒子 (わらごうし) small straw container with a lid
... saiwai kago 幸籠（さいわいかご）"good luck basket"

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Worldwide use

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Things found on the way

aramakizake 新巻鮭（あらまきざけ）one whole salmon perserved in straw after marinating in vinegar.

WASHOKU
salmon food

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warazaiku 藁細工 things made of straw
straw works, straw crafts

Winter was the time for the farmers to make many useful things of straw in the olden times. Each villag had its specialist and the housewifes learned from him and made many things themselves. Toys for the children were also made of straw.
Stroharbeiten


o-mikiguchi おみきぐち / 神酒口
decorations for sake bottles as offerings for the New Year

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. Wara ningyoo 藁人形 straw dolls for curses .


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HAIKU

新藁の出初めて早き時雨哉
shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana

The new rice-straw
Is coming out, but already
The wintry shower is starting.
Tr. Oseko

Written in 元禄７年, Basho age 51, at Iga Ueno, at the home of Izen.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Basho at the home of Kubota Izen 窪田意専 .



quote
Winter season is coming soon. Autumn wind is blowing, the fields that harvest is over, there is a landscape to feel lonely. In places, are stacked straw. In Japan, this is very important straw.
Straw, to make various things, he was using. Autumn landscape and lonely, in this clause, Basho's view of nature are expressed.
Sweet, representing the leaves of ginkgo had come down on top of the straw.
source : kikyou0123
haika　俳菓　Haiku Sweets

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fukuwara ya gomi sae kesa no utsukushiki

new auspicious straw -
this morning even the dirt
looks beautiful

Chiyo-Ni (Chiyoni), Kaga no Chiyo jo (1703-1775)
(tr. Gabi Greve)

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The giant straw sculptures of Japan
straw sculptures of the Wara Art Festival in Niigata Prefecture


CLICK for more samples .

Look at more photos:
- source : en.rocketnews24.com

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Related words

***** Bagworm (minomushi - "straw raincoat bug") Japan. Case moth, basketworm

***** Geta, wooden Japanses sandals Japan. Straw sandals (zoori)

***** Hat, Straw hat, hood (kasa, zukin, booshi) Japan Worldwide

***** Sandeel: KAMASU : straw back, tobacco pouch, Pacific sandeel (Ammodytes personatus) Japan

***** Strawberries Cranberries

***** Straw mats (thick: tatami. thin: goza) Japan


. SAIJIKI -
Observances in Spring 　

. mugiwarazaiku 麦わら細工 handicraft from wheat straw .

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Acebia (akebi) kazura and tsuta

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Acebia (akebi)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various, see below
***** Category: Plant

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Explanation


for other vines, see below

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akebi あけび【通草／木通】acebia, akebia.
"chocolate vine", five-leaf akebia, woody climbing vine
Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

The name may be derived from
開け実 hirake mi ... fruit which opens, because it looks like an open mouth.



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kigo for mid-spring

akebi no mezuke あけびの芽漬（あけびのめづけ)
pickles of akebi buds

WASHOKU : pickles of spring


tsuta no me 蔦の芽 (つたのめ) buds of the Japanese ivy


kigo for late spring



akebi no hana あけびの花 / 通草の花 (あけびのはな)
flowers of the acebia
... yamahime no hana 山女の花（やまひめのはな）
... akebi no hana 丁翁の花（あけびのはな）
... hana akebi 花通草（はなあけび）
akebikazura あけびかずら acebina vine in blossom
mitsuba akebi 三葉通草（みつばあけび）"three leaf acebia"
akebi saku 通草咲く（あけびさく） acebia is blossoming


mube no hana 郁子の花 (むべのはな) mube blossoms
(a kind of acebia)
..... ube no hana うべの花（うべのはな）
..... noboke 野木瓜（のぼけ）
..... tokiwa akebi 常盤通草（ときわあけび）
Stauntonia hexaphylla
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for mid-autumn



akebi あけび【通草／木通】acebia, akebia

akebi no mi 通草の実 fruit of the acebia

akebi kazura 通草かずら（あけびかずら）acebia vine
... akebu あけぶ、omekazura おめかずら、kamikazura かみかずら
yamahime 山女（やまひめ）"mountain princess"

akebidana 通草棚（あけびだな）shelf for growing acebina


mitsuba akebi 三葉通草 (みつばあけび) three-leaves acebia
A. trifoliata


mube 郁子 (むべ) evergreen acebia
..... tokiwa akebi 常盤通草 (ときわあけび)
Stauntonia hexaphylla



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quote
Akebia quinata (Chocolate Vine or Five-leaf Akebia) is a shrub that is native to Japan, China and Korea.

It grows to 10 metres or more in height and has compound leaves with five leaflets. The inflorescences are clustered in racemes and are vanilla-scented, with three or four sepals. The fruits are sausage-shaped pods which contain edible pulp.

In China A. quinata is referred to as 木通 "mu tung" (Wade-Giles)) meaning "perforated wood". It is also occasionally known as 通草 "tung tsao" (Wade-Giles)) meaning "perforated grass".

In the Chinese pharmacopoeia it is believed to be therapeutic as a diuretic, antiphlogistic, galactagogue and analgesic. The principal use of the herb in China is as a traditional remedy for insufficient lactation in nursing mothers. The medicinal part of the plant is the woody stem which is sliced in transverse sections and prepared as a decoction. The stem contains approximately 30% potassium salts thus giving the diuretic action.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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. WASHOKU
akebi no karakkozuke アケビの殻っこづけ
akebia skin stuffed with meat and vegetables 　
Akita and Yamagata


Yamagata is one of the most important growing areas for akebi.
山形の郷土料理 Yamagata Local Food

akebi tenpura あけび天ぷら tempura from akebia
akebia meat tasts good with fat, like tempura or simply fried with shiitake mushrooms or other vegetables.



nikuzume あけびの肉詰め akebia stuffed with minced meat

nuta-ae あけびのぬたあえ with a vinegar-miso-sauce

. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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Worldwide use

Akebi-Ranke

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Things found on the way



The vine is used to make baskets and containers.
akebizaiku アケビ細工
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

. Folk Craft from Nagano .


tsuruzaiku, tsuru saiku　つる細工 craft from vines
is also popular in many parts of Tohoku. During the long winter months people used to make all kinds of containers from the local vines, especially akebi.
There are workshops to teach the art to the younger generation and the pieces become popular souvenirs for tourists.


Work from the Aizu region　会津のつる細工


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HAIKU


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


秋風や桐に動きて蔦の霜
aki kaze ya / kiri ni ugokite / tsuta no shimo


苔埋む蔦のうつつの念仏哉
. koke uzumu tsuta no utsutsu no nebutsu kana .
Nenbutsu 念仏


蔦の葉は昔めきたる紅葉哉
tsuta no ha wa / mukashi mekitaru / momiji kana


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蔦植ゑて竹四五本の嵐哉
tsuta uete take shi go hon no arashi kana

ivy planted,
and four or five stalks of bamboo
in the windstorm
Tr. Barnhill


vines planted
four or five bamboo trees
stirring in a storm
Tr. Shirane


A greeting hokku for poet Roboku 廬牧 (1628–1706)
kanjin no boosha 閑人の茅舎 The thatched hut of a recluse in Ise

Roboku must have lived a very simple life of a recluse, planting vine creepers on purpose and just a few poles of bamboo in his garden.

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

tsuta vine planted
and four or five bamboo poles
in the storm . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve


at Ise Jinguu　伊勢神宮 Grand Shrine at Ise -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Nozarashi Kikoo 野ざらし紀行, 1684
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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桟はしや命をからむ蔦かつら
桟や命をからむ蔦葛
kakehashi ya inochi o karamu tsuta katsura
(sanbashi ya)

this plank bridge -
the tsuta and katsura vines
coil their lives


This was an old fragile bridge in the times of Basho, at the Nakasendo, Agematsu juku　上松塾.
The Kakehashi from Kiso 木曽の桟（かけはし）
It was one of the most dangerous places on the old road, along with
Atsuta no watashi 太田のわたし　river corssing at Atsuta
and
Usui Tooge 碓氷峠 Usui pass.


Matsuo Basho traveling along the
. Nakasendoo　中山道 The Nakasendo Road .




source :　Sake barrel from 西尾酒造


Masakoa Shiki also wrote about this place

かけはしやあぶない処に山つつじ　
kakehashi ya abunai tokoro ni yama tsutsuji

this plank bridge -
at the most dangerous spot
mountain azaleas

桟や水にとどかず５月雨　　

正岡子規


The new metal bridge at Kiso.

Take a look at a stone memorial from Basho :
source : kaidou/nakasendo

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手とどかぬ通草ばかりが目について　
te todokanu akebi bakari ga me ni tsuite

I can only see
these akebi fruit
too high to grab　　　　　　　

Shimomura Umeko 下村梅子

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ぬれ髪のまま寝てゆめの通草かな　
nuregami no mama nete yume no akebi kana

I sleep
with wet hair - in my dream
akebi vine

Akao Tooshi 赤尾兜子 (1925 - 1981)


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あけびの実軽しつぶてとして重し　
akebi no mi karushi tsubute to shite omoshi

Kaneko Tohta 金子兜太


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Related words

kigo for early autumn

binboo kazura 貧乏葛（びんぼうかずら） "poor man's vine"
bushkiller
yabu karashi, yabukarashi 藪からし (やぶからし / 藪枯らし) Yabu Garashi
Cayratia japonica, Japanese Cayratia Herb
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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kigo for mid-autumn

fuusenkazura 風船葛 (ふうせんかずら) Balloon vine
Love in a puff
Candiospermum halicacabum
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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kigo for all summer

aotsuta 青蔦 (あおつた) green Japanese ivy
tsuta aoba 蔦青葉（つたあおば）green leaves of Japanese ivy
tsuta shigeru 蔦茂る（つたしげる）Japanese ivy grows thickly
tsuta aoshi 蔦青し（つたあおし）Japanese ivy is green
natsutsuta 夏蔦（なつつた） Japanese ivy in summer



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kigo for all autumn

tsuta 蔦 (つた) Japanese ivy
Parthenocissus tricuspidata
tsuta momiji 蔦紅葉 red leaves of Japanese ivy
nihsikizuta 錦蔦 "brocade leaves of tsuta"

tsuta kazura 蔦かずら (つたかずら) ivy and vines
all kinds of creepers


tsuta in other seasons

. karetsuta 枯蔦 (かれつた) withering ivy, wild wine withering
..... tsuta karu 蔦枯る（つたかる）
..... karekazura 枯かずら（かれかずら）


. tsuta no shoogatsu 蔦の正月（つたのしょうがつ） New Year of the vines


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. kuzu kazura 葛かずら（くずかずら）Kudzu-Vine 　
Arrowroot, Pueraria lobata


binan kazura 美男葛 (びなんかずら) "beautiful man" Vine
sanekazura 真葛（さねかずら）Sanekazura, Sanekadsura
..... 南五味子（さねかずら）
..... tororo kazura とろろかずら
Kadsura japonica
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for late summer

tsuzurafuji 葛藤 (つづらふじ) Sabia vine
tsuzura つづら、tsuzurakazura 葛籠葛（つづらかずら）
aokazura 青葛（あおかずら）"green kazura vine"
aofuji 青藤（あおふじ）"green fuji vine"
bokubooki 木防己（ぼくぼうき） "tree broom"
Sabia japonica Maxim


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kigo for late autumn

masaki no kazura 正木の鬘 (まさきのかずら)
sprindle tree creepers
masaki no kazura 柾の葛（まさきのかずら）
teika kazura 定家葛（ていかかずら）
Euonymus japonicus



hiyodorijoogo 鵯上戸 (ひよどりじょうご) Solanum lyratum
hakuei 白英（はくえい）
horoshi 鬼目（ほろし）
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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kigo for all winter

fuyuzuta 冬蔦 (ふゆづた) Japanese ivy in winter
kizuta 木蔦（きづた）


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observance kigo for mid-winter

hikage no kazura 日蔭の蔓 (ひかげのかずら)
lit. "kazura vine in the shadow"
hikage no ito 日蔭の糸（ひかげのいと）"string in the shadow"
hikage no kokoroba 日蔭の心葉（ひかげのこころば）
kokoroba 心葉（こころば） "leaf of the heart"

At certain court rituals (新嘗祭、大嘗祭、豊明節会（とよあかりのせちえ）, the participants used to wear a special head gear with vine on both sides to show humility (monoimi 物忌). Sometimes moss (saruogase さるをがせ) was used or "moss from the pine" matsu no koke 松の苔. Later white or colored strings were used. The "leaf of the heart" could be a leaf of chochikubai pine, bamboo and plum, cherry or chrysanthemum.




hikagenokazura ヒカゲノカズラ club moss
Lycopodium cunninghamioides Hayata



In the Genji Monogatari this is also a kakekotoba for
hikage 日光（ひかげ)

. SAIJIKI
OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS, RITUALS


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くふ飯に蔦ぶら下る山家哉
kuu meshi ni tsuta burasagaru yamaga kana

ivy hangs down
into the food we eat --
mountain house

Kobayashi Issa

This hokku is from the 8th month (September) of 1822, when Issa was visiting a mountainous area not too far from his hometown. People who lived in the mountains tended to eat mainly millet and other grains that could be grown in dry fields on the slopes.
Meshi can mean either the main food one eats, or, in a lowland context, cooked rice.
Chris Drake


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***** AUTUMN PLANTS -
SAIJIKI


. PLANTS in all seasons - SAIJIKI


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Columbus Day

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Columbus Day

***** Location: America
***** Season: Autumn
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

October12




Many countries in the New World and elsewhere celebrate the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas, which occurred on October 12, 1492 in the Julian calendar and October 21, 1492 in the modern Gregorian calendar, as an official holiday. The day is celebrated as Columbus Day in the United States, as Día de la Raza (Day of the Race) in many countries in Latin America, as Día de las Culturas (Day of the Cultures) in Costa Rica, as Discovery Day in The Bahamas, as Día de la Hispanidad and Fiesta Nacional in Spain, as Día de las Américas (Day of the Americas) in Uruguay and as Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance) in Venezuela. These holidays have been celebrated unofficially since the late 18th century, and officially in various countries since the early 20th century.

Columbus Day first became an official state holiday in Colorado in 1905, and became a federal holiday in 1934. But people have celebrated Columbus' voyage since the colonial period. In 1792, New York City and other eastern U.S. cities celebrated the 300th anniversary of his landing in the New World. In 1892, President Benjamin Harrison called upon the people of the United States to celebrate Columbus Day on the 400th anniversary of the event. During the 400-year anniversary in 1892, teachers, preachers, poets and politicians used Columbus Day rituals to teach ideals of patriotism. These patriotic rituals were framed around themes such as support for war, citizenship boundaries, the importance of loyalty to the nation, and celebrating social progress.

Catholic immigration in the mid-nineteenth century induced discrimination from anti-immigrant activists such as the Ku Klux Klan. Like many other struggling immigrant communities, Catholics developed organizations to fight discrimination and provide insurance for the struggling immigrants. One such organization, the Knights of Columbus, chose that name in part because it saw Christopher Columbus as a fitting symbol of Catholic immigrants' right to citizenship: one of their own, a fellow Catholic, had discovered America.

Some Italian-Americans observe Columbus Day as a celebration of their heritage, the first occasion being in New York City on October 12, 1866. Columbus Day was first popularized as a holiday in the United States through the lobbying of Angelo Noce, a first generation Italian, in Denver. The first official, regular Columbus Day holiday was proclaimed by Colorado governor Jesse F. McDonald in 1905 and made a statutory holiday in 1907. In April 1934, as a result of lobbying by the Knights of Columbus, Congress and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt October 12 was made a federal holiday under the name Columbus Day and a Federal holiday.

Since 1971, the holiday has been fixed to the second Monday in October, coincidentally the same day as Thanksgiving in neighboring Canada (which was fixed to that date in 1959). It is generally observed today by banks, the bond market, the U.S. Postal Service and other federal agencies, most state government offices, and some school districts; however, some businesses and stock exchanges remain open.

Actual observance varies in different parts of the United States, ranging from large-scale parades and events to complete non-observance.

©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 – 20 May 1506)

was a navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. With his four voyages of discovery and several attempts at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola, all funded by Isabella I of Castile, he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World."

©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

Columbus Day--
in the tide pool
a new world

H. Gene Murtha, USA
October 2009


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first encounter
on a quiet, sunny beach
Columbus Day

Armando Corbelle


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Columbus Day
Mount Washington
obscured by clouds


Columbus Day
getting lost on the way
to the mall


William Kenney, USA
http://haiku-usa.blogspot.com/


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Columbus Day
Native students boycott
the assembly

Catherine J.S. Lee, USA


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Related words

***** World Days

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Ice cutting

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Ice cutting (koori kiru)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Late Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Cutting ice from a clear lake and putting it into a storehouse (muro) to keep it for summer was vital during the times without electricity and refrigerators.

Lakes with especially clear water were protected and a Shinto shrine was usually close by to pray for the safe clear ice to send to the local lord or Shogun in Edo during the Summer Months.


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koori kiru 氷切る（こおりきる）cutting ice
... saihyoo 採氷 (さいひょう)
koori hiku 氷挽く（こおりひく）cutting ice
saihyoojoo 採氷場（さいひょうじょう）place for cutting ice
saihyoofu 採氷夫（さいひょうふ）worker who cuts ice
saihyoosha 採氷車（さいひょうしゃ）cart to transport the cut ice
saihyoochi 採氷池（さいひょうち）pond/lake for cutting ice


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saihyoosen 砕氷船 (さいひょうせん) icebreaker ship
Eisbrecher

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kigo for early winter

hio no tsukai 氷魚の使 (ひおのつかい) "bringer of iced fish"
hio o tamau 氷魚を賜う（ひおをたまう）
mootoo no jun 孟冬の旬 (もうとうのじゅん)

In the Heian period, it was custom to bring frozen fish from Yamashiro no Kuni (Uji) 山城国宇治 and Omi (Ueda) 近江国田上 to the court in Kyoto.



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Eating ice during other seasons !

kigo for late summer

himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar
himuro mori 氷室守（ひむろもり）warden of the ice cellar
himuro no yuki 氷室の雪（ひむろのゆき）snow in the ice cellar
himuro no yama 氷室の山（ひむろのやま） mountain with an ice cellar

The himuro was often in the forest, close to the pond where the ice was cut. It had to be a cold and shaded place.

himuro no sakura 氷室の桜 (ひむろのさくら)
cherry blossoms in the ice cellar
..... himuro no hana 氷室の花（ひむろのはな）


observances in late summer

koori o kuuzu 氷を供ず (こおりをくうず) offering ice (in a Shinto shrine)
... hi n omitsugi 氷の貢（ひのみつぎ）
himuro no tsukai 氷室の使（ひむろのつかい）bringer of the ice
hi no omono 氷の御物（ひのおもの）ice offering

... shihyoo no setsu 賜氷の節 (しひょうのせつ)
first day of the sixth months
himochi o iwau 氷餅を祝う (ひもちをいわう) celebrate with iced mochi (see below, minazuki sweets)
himuro no sekku 氷室の節供（ひむろのせっく）seasonal celebration of the ice cellars
koori n o tsuitachi 氷の朔日（こおりのついたち）"first day of the ice"




himuro no sakura 氷室の桜 (ひむろのさくら) "cherry blossoms in ice"
himuro no hana 氷室の花（ひむろのはな) "flowers in ice"
offering from the fish of the sea and fish of the land (sweetwater fish) at Shrine Himuro Jinja, Nara 奈良氷室神社
. WASHOKU
Food treasures of the sea and the mountains



sweet called "himuro no sakura" cherry in the ice cellar


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kigo for all summer

koori reizooko 氷冷蔵庫（こおりれいぞうこ）
refrigerator (with ice)
The oldfashioned ones used blocks of ice.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

reizooko 冷蔵庫 (れいぞうこ) refrigerator
denki reizooko 電気冷蔵庫（でんきれいぞうこ）electric refrigarator
gasu reizooko ガス冷蔵庫（がすれいぞうこ） gas refrigerator
Kühlschrank, Eisschrank



koori uri 氷売 (こおりうり) seller of ice blocks

. koorimizu uri　氷水売り vendors of "ice water" . in Edo



. hanagoori 花氷 (はなごおり) "ice flowers" 　
kooribashira 氷柱（こおりばしら） ice pillar　



"summer ice" . natsugoori 夏氷（なつごおり）
kakigoori かき氷（かきごおり), shaved ice with flavor topping
. WASHOKU
Drinks with ice in Summer


. Ice cream, ice-cream, icecream (aisu)



.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY
Kigo for Summer 　


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observance kigo for the New Year

Kamakura かまくら "snow hut"
..... 雪室 (ゆきむろ) yukimuro
Festival for children in Akita on January 15.

In the town of Yokote, on February 15 and 16.



Children make mountains of snow, about 2 meters high and carve an opening, where they can sit inside by candlelight and enjoy special food. The grown-ups come visiting and children offer them mochi ricecakes and sweet sake.
It is a ritual to ward off evil insects and birds from the rice paddies and pray for a good harvest (torioi 鳥追い).

Yukimuro are often carved in the natural snow mountains of the region.


Stamp in memory of this festival


SAIJIKI – NEW YEAR OBSERVANCES


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

himuro manjuu 氷室饅頭 "ice cellar manjuu"




Eaten on the first day of the 7th month (himuro no tsuitachi)
They are of white and red color and eaten with the wish for good health during the following year. Made from barley flower. In Kaga it was custom to open the ice cellars (himuro) on the first day of the 6th month (now June 30). The ice, which was collected in winter from pure water ponds, was put on carts and transported hastily to the Shogun in Edo.

. WASHOKU
氷室饅頭 himuro "ice cellar manjuu"


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. WASHOKU
minazuki 水無月 (みなずき) sweets for June
These sweets were the poor man's equivalent of a royal treat in June, when the emperor in Kyoto was served beans on shaved ice that was taken into a storeroom in the winter time.
The ice stores (himuro 氷室) for the emperor's court were in the north of Kyoto, protected by the shrine Himuro Jinja 氷室神社 in Kitayama.


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Himuro Yakushidoo 氷室薬師堂　Himuro Yakushido

- quote
Himuro Yakushi, or formally named Murakamiji Temple, is a historic temple founded by Sakanoue Tamuramaro in 807 to pray for safety of his soldiers. The temple has been worshipped by local people for its divine power to bring national safety and people’s happiness.

Yakushi Nyorai at this temple is especially famous for curing eye diseases. Votive tablets, on which faces with big black round eyes are drawn, are hung at the side of the Yakushi Hall. Also, many pieces of paper, on which pictures of eyes are drawn, are dedicated and hung inside the hall. You will feel strong religious faith dedicated to the temple from these votive articles.

There is an interesting legend about this temple.
Once upon a time, there lived an extremely cowardly warrior in a nearby village. He wanted to cure his cowardice and visited the temple on 100 consecutive nights. On the 100th night, a specter appeared in front him. Then he gathered his courage and struck at it with his sword only to find that it was a pillar of the hall. Visitor can see the scar made by him even today.
It’s a heart-easing story for a temple with such a solemn atmosphere, isn’t it?
source : nippon-kichi.jp


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HAIKU


source :　itoyo/basho
Memorial Stone at the Hachiman Shrine 新庄市鳥越鳥越八幡神社

水の奥氷室尋ねる柳哉
水の奥氷室尋る柳哉
mizu no oku himuro tazunuru yanagi kana

at this water’s source
I would seek for an ice house:
willow tree
Tr. Barnhill

Written on the first day of the 6th lunar month 1689 元禄2年6月1日.

Basho stayed at the home of Fuuryuu 風流 Furyu on his way from 大石田 - 新庄　Oishida to Shinjo.
Fuuryuu, a very rich merchant, his name was 澁谷甚兵衛 Shibuya Shinbei. There was a small river with willow trees, providing the feeling of coolness as if it had come right our of an ice storage. The place was called "Yanagi no kiyomizu" 柳の清水 "Clear water from the willow tree".

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.



Oku no Hosomichi - 新庄 - - - - - - Station 27 - Ooishida 大石田 Oishida - - - - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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涼しさやしなのの雪も銭になる
suzushisa ya Shinano no yuki mo zeni ni naru

this coolness -
even the snow of Shinano
can be sold

Kobayashi Issa　小林一茶


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山は風のひやつく氷室哉
yama wa kaze no hiyatsuku himuro kana

the wind in the mountain
is getting so cold -
ice storehouse

Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規


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Related words

***** saffron cod 氷魚 (ひお) hio, lit. "ice fish"
..... hiuo ひうお
Eleginus gracilis
kigo for all winter

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

also called KANKAI カンカイ（寒海）
also called KOMAI 氷下魚 (こまい)

komai tsuri 氷下魚釣り（こまいつり）fishing for saffron cod
komaijiru 氷下魚汁（こまいじる）soup with saffron cod
hoshi komai 乾氷下魚（ほしこまい）dried saffron cod


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***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo

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Winter farmers work

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Farmers work in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

There is a lot to be done in winter, repairing and preparing things for the next season.


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Kigo for early winter

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daikon hiku 大根引 (だいこんひき)
harvesting radish, pulling out radish
daiko hiki だいこ引き（だいこひき）
daikon uma 大根馬（だいこんうま）horse for pulling out radish
daikon bune 大根舟（だいこんぶね）"boat" for pulling out radish
daikonguruma 大根車（だいこんぐるま）cart for transporting radish

daikon arau 大根洗う（だいこんあらう）washing radish
(before drying)
daikon hosu 大根干す ( だいこんほす) to dry radish
hoshidaiko 干大根（ほしだいこ）drying radish


kakedaiko 懸大根（かけだいこ）daikon to dry on a shelf
Gestell zum Trocknen von Rettich


kiriboshi 切干 (きりぼし) kiriboshi dakion
cut and dried radish. prepared to be used all year round.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !
getrocknete Rettichschnitzel

Radish (daikon)



hoshina 干菜 ほしな dried leaves of turnips and radish
... hiba 干葉（ひば）
kakena 懸菜（かけな）shelf to dry leaves
tsurina 吊菜（つりな）leaves hanging to dry
getrocknetes Blattgemüse

hoshinajiru ほしなじる【干菜汁】
miso soup with dried leaves



kabura hiki 蕪引 (かぶらひき) pulling out turnips
kabura hosu 蕪干す（かぶらほす) to dry turnips



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mugi maki 麦蒔 (むぎまき) sowing wheat
Wheat and Barley (mugi) and related kigo



renkon horu れんこん掘る digging for lotus root 　
and related kigo



soba kari 蕎麦刈 (そばかり)harvesting buckwheat
soba hosu 蕎麦干す（そばほす) drying buckwheat
Buckwheat (soba), Buckwheat flowers Japan


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Kigo for mid-winter


i uu 藺植う ( いうう ) planting rushes
igusa いぐさ【藺草】Juncus decipiens Nakai
igusa is used for many things, especially to make tatami mats.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

and two more

kigo for mid-summer
i no hana 藺の花 (いのはな)

kigo for late summer
i karu 藺刈る (いかる) harvesting rushes
..... ikari, i kari 藺刈（いかり）
i hosu 藺干す（いほす）drying rushes


. 藺草 Igusa plant and its kigo .

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kansho kari 甘蔗刈 (かんしょかり) harvesting sugar cane
... kibi kari 甘蔗刈（きびかり）
sugar cane, satoo kibi 甘蔗 (さとうきび)



. digging for konnyaku roots 蒟蒻掘る (こんにゃくほる) konnyaku horu
and many related kigo


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Kigo for late winter


kangoe 寒肥 (かんごえ)
fertilizing (the fields) in the cold season
... kanpi 寒肥（かんぴ）, kangoyashi 寒ごやし（かんごやし）



kuzu sarashi 葛晒し (くずさらし) bleaching arrowroot
It needs to be washed thoroughly before it can be made to a kind of flour for various dishes.
kudzu arrowroot starch / kuzu-Stärke
Arrowroot flower, Kudzu flower (kuzu no hana)

Dishes with arrowroot


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Kigo for all winter


onshitsu 温室（おんしつ）hothouse, greenhouse
onshoo 温床（おんしょう）hotbed (for seedlings)
fureemu フレーム "frame"



tookoo 冬耕 (とうこう) plowing in winter
... tsuchihiki 土曳き（つちひき）
kyakudo 客土（きゃくど）"fertilizing the soil"
kankoo 寒耕（かんこう) plowing in the cold
rice fields in all seasons




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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

冷腹を暖め了す干菜汁
reifuku o atatameryuusu hoshinajiru

finally it warms
our cold stomachs -
soup with dried vegetable leaves

Takahama Kyoshi 虚子


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寒肥や花の少き枇杷(びは)の木に
kangoe ya hana no sukunaki hiba no ki ni

fertilizing in the cold -
now for the loquat tree
with the few blossoms

Takano Sujuu 高野素十 (1893 - 1976)

Tr. Gabi Greve

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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


. Farmers work in all seasons 　



***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


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Hunting in all seasons

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Hunting in all seasons

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below.
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Hunters living in the large forests of Japan are out in winter to get some food.
Bears, wild boars, deer and fowl. Dogs are used for hunting.
Usually they go in groups and share the food.

The official hunting season is from 15th of November to the 15th of February next year.
In Hokkaido it is from the first of October till 30th of January.





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Kigo for mid-winter

nagashimochi 流黐 (ながしもち) luring waterfowl
mochi nagachi 黐流し（もちながし
Long branches were covered with birdlime to go after ducks and other waterfowl.


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Kigo for all winter

kari 狩 (かり) hunting
ryooki 猟期（りょうき）hunting season
kariba 狩場（かりば）hunting ground

ryoojin 猟人（りょうじん）hunter
... karyuudo 狩人（かりゅうど）
... satsuo 猟夫（さつお）
ryooken 猟犬（りょうけん）hunting dog, hound


ryoojuu 猟銃（りょうじゅう）hunting rifle, shotgun

kemonogari 獣狩（けものがり）hunting wild animals
shishigari 猪狩（ししがり） hunting wild boars, boar-hunting
shikagari 鹿狩（しかがり）deer-hunting

seiko 勢子（せこ）beater
They make a lot of noise to drive the animals toward the hunters.


yokohiki 夜興引（よこひき）(yogohikiよごひき) hunting at night
... yohiki 夜引（よひき)
Usually with dogs to lead the way in a mountain forest on a snowy night.

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itachi wana 鼬罠 (いたちわな) trap for a weasel

weasel, itachi　鼬、イタチ


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kitsune wana 狐罠 (きつねわな) trap for fox hunting
... kitsune otoshi 狐落し（きつねおとし）
kitsune tsuri 狐釣（きつねつり）hunting for foxes


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kumamatsuki 熊突 (くまつき) hunting for bears
... kumagari 熊狩（くまがり）
... kumaryoo 熊猟（くまりょう）
anaguma uchi 穴熊打（あなぐまうち）driving the bear out of his hole

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usagigari 兎狩 (うさぎがり) rabbit-hunting
usagi ami 兎網（うさぎあみ） net for hunting rabbits
usagi wana 兎罠（うさぎわな）trap for hunting rabbits

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takagari 鷹狩 (たかがり) hunting with hawks and falcons falconry
... hooyoo 放鷹（ほうよう）
takano 鷹野（たかの）open field with hawks

takajoo 鷹匠 (たかじょう) keeper, trainer of the falcons and hawks
... takashi 鷹師（たかし）
Falkner, Beizjäger

Hunting with hawks and falcons was a privilege of many lords, who kept their own hawks. Training a falcon was done in spring (see below). There are two ways to train them, one if the animals have only to recognize their own master.
The other to train them to recognize another person, if they were trained for the hunting expeditions of the local lord or daimyo.
Daimyo Falconry is now sometimes shown in Hamarikyu Park in Tokyo.
Hawk (taka　鷹 たか)

. takagari 鷹狩り hunting with hawks and falcons .
The hunting grounds of the Shoguns in Edo

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tanukigari 狸狩（たぬきがり）badger-hunting
tanuki wana 狸罠 (たぬきわな) trap for hunting badgers

. WASHOKU
Tanukijiru 狸汁 (たぬきじる) Badgers' soup 　　


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Hunting in Spring


kigo for all spring

torimochi ajiro 鳥持網代 ( とりもちあじろ)
hunting fish in traps with the help of water fowl
ikariryoo, ikari ryoo いかり漁（いかりょう）

Fishing KIGO in all seasons

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kigo for late spring

naitogari 鳴鳥狩 ないとがり hunting with hawks
falcons and falconry
asa takagari 朝鷹狩（あさたかがり）
asatogari 朝鳥狩（あさとがり）、
oboegari 覚狩（おぼえがり）training the hawk
tomarigari 泊り狩（とまりがり）staying in the mountain (hut for training)
tomariyama, tomari-yama 泊り山（とまりやま）
kikisuedori 聞すえ鳥（ききすえどり）
misuedori 見すえ鳥（みすえどり）
suzuko 鈴子（すずこ） little bell
suzuko sasu taka 鈴子挿す鷹（すずこさすたか）
tsugi ootaka 継尾の鷹（つぎおのたか）
shirao no taka 白尾の鷹（しらおのたか）hawk with a white tail
shirafu no taka 白斑の鷹（しらふのたか）hawk with white spots

Hunting with hawks is done in winter, but the training of the animals starts in spring. They get a bell on one foot and have to learn how to hunt and come back to the master. Often the hawker and his animal stay in a mountain hut for a while together during this time.

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kigo for late spring

ryooki owaru 猟期終る (りょうきおわる)
end of the hunting season
ryoo nagori 猟名残（りょうなごり）after the hunting season
..... nagori no ryoo 名残の猟（なごりのりょう）
juuryoo teishi 銃猟停止（じゅうりょうていし）end of rifles and hunting



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Hunting in Summer

kigo for all summer

tomoshi 照射 (ともし)
(hunting for deer in) torchlight
tomoshi suru 照射する（ともしする）
hogushi 火串（ほぐし）torch for hunting
hogushi furu 火串振る（ほぐしふる）
neraigari ねらい狩（ねらいがり）"aiming and hunting"
kanokogari 鹿の子狩（かのこがり）hunting for young deer

This is a very old way of hunting, already practised in the Heian period. Torches were placed at the end of the forest where deer was known to come out for grazing in the early evening. The hunters with bow and arrow waited for the animals to come out.


.SAIJIKI ... HUMANITY - Kigo for Summer 　

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aki no kariba 秋の狩場 (あきのかりば)
hunting ground in autumn


. Hunting in AUTUMN
hatsuryoo 初猟 (はつりょう) first hunting


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Worldwide use

hunting for elk
November in the Pacific Northwest of America

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Things found on the way


Matagi ryoori, matagi ryori マタギ料理, the cuisine of the hunters
sanniku ryoori, san-niku ryori （山肉料理）
"Mountain Meat Cuisine"
. WASHOKU
matagi meshi マタギ飯 bear hunter's rice and other dishes


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kariba, o-kariba お狩場 / お狩り場 the honorable hunting ground of the lord
The Shogun and other daimyo had their own hunting grounds.
WASHOKU : okaribayaki お狩場焼き is food prepared during a hunting session.


There are also deities to protect these areas.
Kariba Gongen 狩場権現, also called
Kariba Myojin (Kariba Myoojin) 狩場明神
CLICK here for PHOTOS !

He is especially venerated at Mount Koya.


高野明神像 ...... 丹生明神像　


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kariginu 狩衣 hunters gear, hunters robes

. hunters robes at Kasuga Taisha shrine .

狩衣の袖の裏道ふ螢かな
kariginu no sode no ura hau hotaru kana

A firefly is moving
inside the light sleeve
of the nobleman's hunting robe
Tr. Merwin/Lento

nobleman's robe ---
inside its sleeve
a firefly crawls
Tr. Ueda

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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HAIKU


夜興引や犬心得て山の路
yokohiki ya inu kokoroete yama no michi

hunting at night ...
the dog knows the mountain paths
very well

Masaoka Shiki 子規


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裏山に出て雪ありぬ兎狩
urayama ni dete yuki arinu usagigari

going out to the back mountain
it is covered with snow -
hunting for rabbits

Noburo 野風呂
Tr. Gabi Greve

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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season

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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Winter fishing

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
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Fishing in Winter

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Some fish are best caught in winter, preparations for spring are also made.

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Kigo for early winter



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Kigo for mid-winter




erisu amu えり簀編む (えりすあむ)
weaving a special bamboo mat
(for fishing). The mat is placed between poles in a river or lake in summer, so this work had to be done in winter. There were even some specialists for this work.


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Kigo for late winter


. kangoi tsuri 寒鯉釣（かんごいつり）
fishing for carp in the cold 　
kanbuna tsuri 寒鮒釣（かんぶなつり）fishing for cold crucian carp




kannori 寒乗 (かんのり) working on a fishing boat in the cold season
to bring fresh fish to the cities, fishermen had to work in the Setonaikai and bring the fish to Osaka. Sinse it was often a stormy sea, the work was quite dangerous.


kanzuri 寒釣 (かんづり) fishing in the cold



yatsume unagi toru 八目鰻取る (やつめうなぎとる)
catching lamprey eel
Lampetra japonica
Neunauge

WKD
Yatsume unagi 八目鰻 (やつめうなぎ, 八つ目鰻) lamprey (eel)



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Kigo for all winter


ajiro 網代 (あじろ) wickerwork fishtraps
ajirogi 網代木（あじろぎ）poles for the wickerwork fishtraps
ajiromori 網代守（あじろもり) person looking after the traps, fishtrap watcher
geflochtenes Fischwehr

ajiro uchi 網代打 (あじろうち) preparing wickerwork fishtraps
kigo for late autumn


famous ajirogi from Uji 宇治の網代木

source : www.wao.or.jp


朝ぼらけ 宇治の川霧 たえだえに　
あらはれわたる 瀬々の網代木
asaborake Uji no kawagiri taedae ni
araware wataru seze no ajirogi

when the day breaks,
mist hanging over the Uji River
sowly clears off
one by one they appear
first close ones, then the ones in the distance -
the stakes to support the fishtraps

Gon Chuunagon Sadayori 権中納言定頼
From 百人一首 Hyakunin Isshu poetry collection


arare seba ajiro no hio o nite dasan
. Matsuo Basho and Food .


. ajiro uchi 網代打 (あじろうち) preparing wickerwork fishtraps .
in late autumn

. torimochi ajiro 鳥持網代 ( とりもちあじろ / 鳥持ち網代)
hunting fish in traps with the help of water fowl .
in spring


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. araami, ara-ami あら網（あらあみ）net for Ara fishing 　




buriami, buri-ami 鰤網 (ぶりあみ) net for yellowtail
buribune 鰤船（ぶりぶね）boat for fishing yellowtail
buri tsuru 鰤釣る（ぶりつる）fishing for yellowtail
buriba 鰤場（ぶりば）place for fishing

WKD : yellowtail, the fish and food
Gelbschwanz fischen


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dojoo horu 泥鰌掘る (どじょうほる) digging for loach
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
Water is let out of paddies and the ground, where the fish have dug deep to get over winter, is dug up to get the fish.
Loach dishes as food kigo
nach Schmerlen graben



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. fugu tsuri 河豚釣（ふぐつり）fishing for blowfish 　
fugu ami 河豚網（ふぐあみ） net for fishing pufferfish





fushizuke 紫漬 (ふしづけ) old fishing method
Branches of pine and other needle trees are hung into the river like a forest, small lure is put in there and fish, which come here to hide from the cold and feed, are then caught. The fish are then caught in nets. Used in former times around Lake Biwa.


not to mix with

shibazuke しばづけ【柴漬（け）】 vegetables pickles with red shiso perilla leaves
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



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. isazaryoo 魦漁（いさざりょう）fishing for isaza
Lake Biwa goby　
isazabune 魦舟（いさざぶね）boat for fishing isaza
isaza ami 魦網（いさざあみ）net for isaza






kajikitsuri, kajiki tsuri かじき釣り（かじきつり）
fishing for kajiki maguro tuna 旗魚





kaki muku 牡蠣剥く (かきむく) opening oysters (peeling)
..... kaki waru 牡蠣割る（かきわる）
kakiwarime 牡蠣割女（かきわりめ）woman who opens oysters

kakibune 牡蠣船 (かきぶね) boat for oyster fishing
kaki ryoori 牡蠣料理（かきりょうり）oyster dishes
... kaki meshi 牡蠣飯（かきめし）rice with oysters
... kakinabe 牡蠣鍋（かきなべ）hodgepodge with oysters


WKD
Oyster (kaki 牡蠣)




komaitsuri, komai tsuri 氷下魚釣り（こまいつり）
fishing for saffron cod
Eleginus gracilis
This is quite popular in Hokkaido. Komai is Ainu lanugage and means "a fish that makes a small sound". a small fish of about 30 cm.
Safrankabeljau


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hokei 捕鯨 (ほげい) whaling, whale hunting
kujira tsuki 鯨突（くじらつき）spearing a whale
isana tori 勇魚取（いさなとり）
kujirabune 鯨舟（くじらぶね）whaler, boat for whaling
..... hokeisen 捕鯨船（ほげいせん）
kujirami 鯨見（くじらみ）outlook for whales
..... kujiraban 鯨番（くじらばん）
ichiban mori 一番銛（いちばんもり）first harpoon
niban mori 二番銛（にばんもり）second harpoon

Whales, kujira (Japan)



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. fishing for tuna, maguro tsuri 鮪釣（まぐろつり） 　
boat for fishing for tuna, magurobune 鮪船（まぐろぶね）
net for tuna, maguro ami 鮪網（まぐろあみ）



. . . . .


tappe 竹瓮 (たっぺ )
ancient tool for fishing in rivers and lakes
Thin stripes of bamboo are woven into a trap, which is filled with bait. After one night in the water, the fish is taken out next morning and the trap filled again.



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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


柴漬に古椀ぶくりぶくり哉
fushizuke ya kowan bukuri bukuri kana

Kobayashi Issa 一茶　




柴漬やをねをね晴れて山遠し
fushizuke ya oneone harete yama tooshi

Murakami Kijoo 村上鬼城　


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Related words

***** Winter (fuyu, Japan) the season


***** Check the WKD LIST of
. HUMANITY and All Winter Kigo


. ANIMALS in all SEASONS
SAIJIKI

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